Class 7 CBSE Science - Complete Module on Light
1. Introduction to Light
Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects. It travels in a straight line and does not
require any medium to propagate. The study of light and its behavior is called Optics.
2. Reflection of Light
Reflection occurs when light bounces back after striking a smooth and shiny surface. This
phenomenon allows us to see ourselves in a mirror.
3. Laws of Reflection
There are two laws of reflection:
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same
plane.
4. Types of Mirrors and Their Uses
- **Plane Mirror:** Forms virtual and upright images, used in dressing mirrors.
- **Concave Mirror:** Forms real or virtual images, used in torches and shaving mirrors.
- **Convex Mirror:** Always forms a virtual image, used in rear-view mirrors of vehicles.
5. Image Formation by Mirrors
Concave and convex mirrors form images differently based on the object's distance from the mirror.
A concave mirror can produce both real and virtual images, whereas a convex mirror always
produces a virtual image.
6. Refraction of Light
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. It occurs due to a
change in the speed of light in different media.
7. Lenses and Their Types
- **Convex Lens:** Converging lens, used in magnifying glasses.
- **Concave Lens:** Diverging lens, used in spectacles for short-sightedness.
8. Image Formation by Lenses
Convex and concave lenses form images differently. Convex lenses can produce real or virtual
images, whereas concave lenses always form virtual images.
9. Human Eye and Vision
The human eye is a natural optical instrument. It has a lens that focuses light onto the retina.
Defects like myopia (short-sightedness) and hyperopia (far-sightedness) can be corrected using
lenses.
10. Applications of Light
- Used in cameras and optical instruments.
- Used in laser technology and medical instruments.
- Important for photosynthesis in plants.
11. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What type of mirror is used in a car's rear-view mirror?
a) Plane Mirror b) Concave Mirror c) Convex Mirror d) None of these
2. Which of the following always forms a virtual image?
a) Concave Mirror b) Convex Mirror c) Plane Mirror d) Both b and c
3. The bending of light when it enters from air into water is called?
a) Reflection b) Refraction c) Dispersion d) Diffraction
4. The focal length of a convex mirror is always?
a) Positive b) Negative c) Zero d) Infinity
5. The speed of light is maximum in?
a) Air b) Water c) Glass d) Diamond
12. Short and Long Answer Questions
1. What are the two laws of reflection?
2. Differentiate between a convex and concave lens.
3. Explain how a plane mirror forms an image.
4. What is refraction? Give one real-life example.
5. How does the human eye work?
6. What is the function of the retina in the human eye?
7. Explain the working of a concave mirror in forming images.
13. Answer Key
1. c) Convex Mirror
2. d) Both b and c
3. b) Refraction
4. b) Negative
5. a) Air
