Introduction To

Amazon
Web Services

Mohamed Atef
2025
Agenda

Traditional IT Cloud
Problems Computing 101

3 AWS Global
Infrastructure
AWS
Services
 Traditional
IT Problems
Traditional IT Problems

Pay for power supply, cooling,

3 Scaling is limited

Hire 24/7 team to monitor the

5 infrastructure 6
Cloud
Computing
101
What’s Cloud Computing ?

● Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power,

database storage, applications, and other IT resources through a
cloud services platform via the internet with
pay-as-you-go pricing.

● You can access as many resources as you need, almost instantly.

● Simple way to access servers, storage, databases and a set of

application services.
Trade fixed expense
for variable expense

Six Advantages of Cloud

Computing

Go global in minutes money for running

1. Trade fixed expense for
variable expense

Instead of having to invest heavily in data centers

and servers before you know how you’re going to
use them, you can pay only when you consume
computing resources, and pay only for how much
you consume.
fi. Benefit from massive
economies of scale

By using cloud computing, you can achieve a

lower variable cost than you can get on your
own. Because usage from hundreds of
thousands of customers is aggregated in the
cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher
economies of scale, which translates into lower
pay as-you-go price.
 3. Stop guessing capacity

● Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs.

● When you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an

application, you often end up either sitting on expensive
idle resources or dealing with limited capacity.

● With cloud computing, you can access as much or as little

capacity as you need, and scale up and down as required
with only a few minutes’ notice.
4. Increase speed & agility

● Reduce the time to make IT resources available

to your developers from weeks to just minutes.

● This results in a dramatic increase in agility for

the organization, since the cost and time it takes
to experiment and develop is significantly lower.
5. Stop spending money for
running data centers

Focus on projects that differentiate your business,

not the infrastructure. Cloud computing lets you
focus on your own customers, rather than on the
heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering
servers.
6. Go global in minutes

● Easily deploy your application in multiple

regions around the world with just a few clicks.

● This means you can provide lower latency and

a better experience for your customers at
minimal cost.
Problems Solved by
the Cloud

1 Cost-Effectiveness

Scalability

Elasticity
 The 3 Deployment
Models of the Cloud

Cloud Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Cloud resources owned
single organization, not
third-party cloud service
provider over the internet.
Control over sensitive
Six advantages of cloud assets in your private
Security for sensitive computing. infrastructure.
applications.
and
Cloud Computing
Models

1. IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service

2. PaaS - Platform as a Service
3. SaaS - Software as a Service

The differences between them consist of:

● Functionality.
● Tasks’ ownership and flexibility.
 You Own the Car = On-Prem

Example
Of Cloud
Computing
Models
1. Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)

● Contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT

and typically provides access to networking
features, computers and data storage space.

● IaaS provides the highest level of flexibility and

management control over the infrastructure Amazon EC2
fi. Platform as a Service
(PaaS)

● Removes the need for your organization to manage

the underlying infrastructure (HW and OSs).

● This helps you to be more efficient as you don’t need

to worry about resource procurement, capacity
planning, software maintenance or patching. Amazon
Lambda
fi. Software as a Service
(SaaS)

● A complete product that is run and managed by the

service provider.

● With SaaS you do not have to think about how the

Gmail
service is maintained or how the underlying
infrastructure is managed; you only need to think
about how you will use the App.
 Infrastructure Platform as a Software as a
On-premises as a Service Service Service
(IaaS) (Paas) (SaaS)

Cloud
Computing
Models
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization

Managed By You

Managed By Others Networking Networking Networking Networking

AWS Global
Infrastructure
AWS Global
Infrastructure Overview

AWS Regions

AWS Edge Locations

1. AWS Regions

● An AWS Region is a physical location in the

world that consists of multiple Availability Zones.

● All AWS Regions are completely isolated one

from each other Highest Standards fault
tolerance and stability.

● Names can be us-east-1, eu-west-3, ..etc

 Region

fi. AWS Availability

Zones (AZs) AZ-a AZ-b AZ-c

● Each availability zone (AZ) is one or more

discrete data centers with redundant power,
networking, and connectivity. ● Each region has many availability
zones (usually 3, min is 2, max is 6).
● Separate from each other, so that Isolated ● Example:
from disasters. • ap-southeast-2a
Connected with high bandwidth, ultra-low • ap-southeast-2b
latency networking. • ap-southeast-2c
3. AWS Edge
Locations

● Amazon has 413 Points of Presence (400 Edge

Locations & 13 Regional Caches) across 245
countries and territories Served.

● Content is delivered to end users with lower

latency.
3. AWS Edge
Locations - CONT'D
● Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery
network (CDN) service that securely delivers data,
videos, apps to customers globally with low latency
and high transfer speeds.

● More information available at the following URL:

https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/features/
 Request
Request
File
File

S3

Edge Location
AWS Services
AWS
Management
Interfaces
AWS Management
Interfaces Overview

● AWS provides three distinct options in order to interact with

the AWS Cloud Platform:

AWS
AWS
Command
Management Development
Console Kits (SDKs)
(CLI)
AWS Management
Console

● A graphical user interface for accessing a wide range of AWS

Cloud services and managing compute, storage, and other cloud
resources.

● A web application that comprises and refers to a broad collection

of service consoles for managing Amazon Web Services.

● https://console.aws.amazon.com
AWS Command Line
Interface (CLI)

● A unified tool to manage your AWS services.

● With just one tool to download and configure, you can control
multiple AWS services from the command line and automate
them through scripts.

● After AWS CLI tool installation, you can begin making calls to your
AWS services from the command line.
Software Development
Kits (SDKs)

● A software development kit, or SDK, is really nothing more than a

set of tools that allow developers to create software or apps for a
specific platform, operating system, computer system or device.

● Using SDKs, you can access and manage AWS services with your
preferred development language or platform.

● https://aws.amazon.com/tools
Identity and
Access
Management
IAM
Identity and Access
Management (IAM)

● Is a global service that helps you securely control access

to AWS resources.

● You use IAM to control who is authenticated (signed in)

and authorized (has permissions) to use what resources.

● The key in understanding IAM is represented by these two

concepts: authentication and authorization.
IAM: Users & Groups

● Root account created by default, shouldn’t be used or

shared.

● Users are people within your organization, and can be

grouped.

● Groups only contains users, not other groups.

● Users don’t have to belong to a group, and user can

belong to multiple groups.
IAM: Users & Groups
Example

Developers Operations

Audit

Ahmed Mostafa Khaled Ebrahim Tarek

 IAM: Permissions

● Users or Groups can be assigned

JSON documents called policies.

● These policies define the permissions

of the users.

● In AWS you apply the Least Privilege

Principle : don’t give more
permissions than a user needs.
 IAM: Role

● Some AWS service will need to

perform actions on your behalf.

● To do so, we will assign permissions

to AWS services with IAM Roles.

● Common roles:
• EC2 Instance Roles.
• Lambda Function Roles.
• Roles for CloudFormation.
Elastic
Compute
Cloud
EC2
EC2: Basic
Terminology

● Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides scalable

computing capacity in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud.

● AWS virtual compute environments are called instances.

● Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) are available to choose

from – preconfigured templates for EC2 instances.
EC2: Basic
Terminology - CONT'D

● Instance types – different configurations of CPU, memory,

storage and networking capacity.

● Secure login to EC2 instances with key pairs (you store

private key, AWS stores the public key).

● Persistent storage volumes for your data are available

through Elastic Block Store (EBS) – Amazon EBS Volumes.
EC2: Instance Types

● Each instance type offers different compute, memory,

and storage capabilities and grouped in instance
families based on these capabilities.

● https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types
EC2: Pricing models

On-Demand Dedicated Host

Instance Instance

Best for Applications

server-bound
software licenses,
incl. Windows Server,
SQL Server, etc.
Elastic
Load
Balancing
ELB
 What’s
Scalability ?!

● Scalability means that an

application or system can handle
greater loads by adapting.

There are two kinds of scalability:

Vertical Scalability.
Horizontal Scaling Vertical Scaling
Horizontal Scalability.
 What’s High
Availability ?!
York
● High Availability usually goes hand in
hand with horizontal scaling.

● Running your application/system in at

least 2 Availability Zones. Sydney

● The goal of high availability is to

survive a data center loss (disaster).
 What’s Load
Balancing ?!
Users

● Serves as the single point of contact for clients.

● Distributes incoming application traffic across

multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, in Load Balancer
multiple Availability Zones.

● This increases the availability of your

application. You add one or more listeners to
EC2 EC2 EC2
your load balancer.
 What’s the Auto
Scaling Group ?!
Users

● In real-life, the load on your websites can change.

● The goal of an Auto Scaling Group (ASG) is to:

• Scale out (add EC2 instances).
Load Balancer
• Scale in (remove EC2 instances).
• Have a minimum & maximum number of EC2s.
• Replace unhealthy instances.
EC2 EC2 EC2 EC2
Virtual
Private
Cloud
VPC
What’s Amazon
VPC ?
● Enables you to launch AWS resources into a virtual network that
you define.

● This virtual network is similar to a traditional network that you

would operate in your own data center, with the benefits of
using the scalable infrastructure of AWS.

● You can launch your AWS resources, such as Amazon EC2

instances, into your VPC.
 Region
10.0.0.0/16

AZ-2 AZ-1

10.0.2.0/24 10.0.1.0/24

10.0.2.100/24 10.0.1.100/24

EC2 EC2

Private Subnet Public Subnet

Amazon
Lambda
Function
What’s AWS
Lambda Function ?
● AWS Lambda is a serverless, event-driven compute service
that lets you run code for virtually any type of application or
backend service without provisioning or managing servers.

● You can trigger Lambda from over 200 AWS services and
software as a service (SaaS) applications, and only pay for
what you use.

● https://aws.amazon.com/lambda
 ● Pay per request and compute time.

● Free tier of 1,000,000 AWS Lambda requests per month.

● Integrated with the whole AWS suite of services.

● Event-Driven: functions get invoked by AWS when needed.

Lambda ● Integrated with many programming languages.

Function ● Easy monitoring through AWS CloudWatch.

Benefits ● Easy to get more resources per functions (up to 10GB RAM).
Simple
Storage
Service
S3
Simple Storage
Service S3

● Allows people to store objects (files) in buckets (directories).

● It’s advertised as infinitely scaling storage.
● Many websites use Amazon S3 as a backbone.

● S3 Use cases :
• Backup and storage.
• Disaster Recovery.
• Static website.