Agriculture Extension:
The word extension is derived from the Latin roots 'ex' - meaning 'out'
and 'tensio' meaning 'stretching'. Stretching out is the meaning of
extension.
Education is the process of developing capability of the
individual so that they can adequately response to their
situation. We can also define education as process of bringing
desirable change into the behavior of human being
Types of Education
1.Formal
2.Informal
3.Non-formal.
Formal Education: Formal education corresponds to a systematic,
organized education model, structured and administered according to a
given set of laws and norms, presenting a rather rigid curriculum as
regards objectives, content and methodology. It is characterized by a
contiguous education process named, as Sarramona1 remarks,
“presential education”, which necessarily involves the teacher, the
students and the institution.
It corresponds to the education process normally adopted by our schools
and universities.
Planned with a particular end in view
Limited to a specific period
Well-defined and systematic curriculum
Given by specially qualified teachers.
Includes activities outside the classroom
Observes strict discipline.
It does not correspond to an
organized and systematic view
of education; informal education
Informal
lifelong process in which skill,
Education
attitude and insight from daily
experiences and exposure to the
endearment at home.
Incidental and spontaneous
•Not-pre-planned.
•Not imparted by any specialised
agency.
•No prescribed time-table or
curriculum
•May be negative also
Non-Formal Education
It is organized and systematic education activity carried on
outside the framework of the formal system to provide selected
type of learning to the particular group of population.
Derived from the expression ‘formal
education.
Outside the realm of formal education.
Conscious and deliberate.
To be organized for a homogeneous group.
Serving the need of the identified group.
• Efficiency in agricultural production
• Efficiency in marketing, distribution
and utilization
• Conservation, development and use
Scope of of natural resources.
• Management on the farm and in the
Extension home.
• Family living
Education • Youth development.
• Leadership development.
• Community development and rural
area development.
• Public affairs.
1. Principle of cultural difference.
Principle of 2. Grass root principle.
3. Principle of indigenous knowledge
Extension 4. Principle of interests and needs.
Education 5. Principle of learning by doing.
6. Principle of participation.
7. Family principle
8. Principle of leadership
9. Principle of adaptability
10.Principle of satisfaction.
11.Principle of evaluation.
• Teaching: Is the process of arranging
situation in which the important things to
be learned are called to the attention of
the learners, their interest developed,
Teaching- desire arises, and action promoted.
Learning • Learning: Is the process by which and
individual, through one's own efforts and
Process: abilities change the behavior.
• Process: Means a course of procedures,
some things that occurs in a series of
action or events conducting to the
desired end.
•Attention
Steps In •Interest
•Desire
Extension •Conviction
Teaching: •Action
•Satisfaction
•Attention
Steps In •Interest
•Desire
Extension •Conviction
Teaching: •Action
•Satisfaction
Communication:
• Communication is the process of
effecting an interchange of
understanding between two or
more people".
• Teaching and learning are the
process of communication.
• Communication is a two way or
double way process.
• Communication is derived from Latin word 'communis'
meaning 'common'. It means to establish commonness
between sender and receiver of message is termed as
communication.
• Communication means sharing of ideas and feelings in a
mood of mutuality.
• The chief emphasis in communication of target Audience
(not on material or medium).
Communication Models :
Aristotles Model:
communication takes place face to face
Speaker speech Audience
Communication Models :
Shanon-weaver model:communication
takes place face to face
Source transmitter signal receiver Destination
Communication:
• Communication is the process of
effecting an interchange of
understanding between two or
more people".
• Teaching and learning are the
process of communication.
• Communication is a two way or
double way process.
Communication:
• Communication is the process of
effecting an interchange of
understanding between two or
more people".
• Teaching and learning are the
process of communication.
• Communication is a two way or
double way process.
• Communication is derived from Latin word 'communis'
meaning 'common'. It means to establish commonness
between sender and receiver of message is termed as
communication.
• Communication means sharing of ideas and feelings in a
mood of mutuality.
• The chief emphasis in communication of target Audience
(not on material or medium).
Communication Models :
Aristotles Model:
communication takes place face to face
Speaker speech Audience
Berlo’s model:
Source
Encoder
Message
Channel
Decoder
Receiver
Communication Models :
S-M-R-C-E Model (Roger &
Shoemaker):
Source Message Channel Receiver Effect
Extension – latin word (ex – out, tensio-stretching).
The out of school system of education for rural people is – Extension
education (Social science).
Extension Education is Non-Formal Education (Education system is
systematic, organized).
Extension teaching is horizontal
Lt. Col. Albert Mayer started a project called = Etawah pilot project
Acc. to prof. Mildert Hurton, the first training group of human races is = Family
The word communication is derived from = Latin word
Extension Education Institute of North India is located at= Haryana
Change in the desirable behaviour of people in knowledge, attitude, skill is known as- Education (Process
of socialization).
Informal education is lifelong process by which a person acquires knowledge, attitude and skill.
Which subject is referred to as non-formal education of all agricultural subjects – extension education?
Formal education is highly institutionalized, chronologically graded and hierarchically structured
education system.
Function of extension is to bring desirable change in human behaviour.
Extension is a two-way flow of message (Between farmer and researcher).
Entrepreneur is which type of word: French
Cooperative is basic institution for socio-economic growth of villagers.
Direction of movement towards a particular activity is known as objective.
In SWOT analysis ‘T’ stands for = Threats
T&V system is given by: Daniel Benor
Principle of Result demonstration is: Seeing is believing
Farm and home visits come under: Individual contact
Fundamental objective of extension is Overall development of people.
Role of extension education in India is performed by State Agricultural University.
Main responsibility of extension service is with State government.
Principle of extension education is Learning by doing.
