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02 Algorithms and Flow Charts

The document explains algorithms as step-by-step procedures for problem-solving, categorized into six fundamental types such as recursive and dynamic programming algorithms. It also describes flowcharts as graphical representations of algorithms using standard symbols to illustrate processes. Examples of algorithms and their corresponding flowcharts are provided for tasks like printing numbers, converting temperatures, and determining student grades.

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47 views3 pages

02 Algorithms and Flow Charts

The document explains algorithms as step-by-step procedures for problem-solving, categorized into six fundamental types such as recursive and dynamic programming algorithms. It also describes flowcharts as graphical representations of algorithms using standard symbols to illustrate processes. Examples of algorithms and their corresponding flowcharts are provided for tasks like printing numbers, converting temperatures, and determining student grades.

Uploaded by

muherezachris3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALGORITHMS AND FLOW CHARTS

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. It contains calculations, reasoning, and
data processing. Algorithms can be represented by natural languages, pseudocode, and flowcharts

Algorithms are generally divided into six fundamental types based on their function:

i) Recursive algorithm
ii) Divide and conquer algorithm
iii) Dynamic programming algorithm
iv) Greedy algorithm
v) Brute force algorithm
vi) Backtracking algorithm

A flowchart is a graphical/ pictorial representation of an algorithm consisting of symbols, shapes, and


arrows to explain a process or program flow.

Several standard symbols are applied in a flowchart:

i) Terminal box – ii) Input/ output iii) Process/ instruction


start/ end

iv) Decision v) Connector/ arrow

Flowcharts are often used as a program planning tool to organize the program’s step-by-step process
visually. Here are some examples:

1|Algorithms & Flowcharts


1) Print numbers on the screen from 1 to 20

Algorithm: Flowchart:
START
• Step 1: Initialize X as 0,
• Step 2: Increment X by 1,
• Step 3: Print X,
• Step 4: If X is less than 20 then go back to INITIALIZE
X0
step 2.

INCREMENT X BY 1
XX+1

PRINT X

YES
X < 20

NO

END

2) Convert the temperature from Fahrenheit (0F) to Celsius (0C)

Algorithm Flowchart

• Step 1: Read temperature in Fahrenheit, START


• Step 2: Calculate temperature with
formula C=5/9*(F-32),
• Step 3: Print C.
READ F

C  5/9 * (F - 32)

PRINT C

END

2|Algorithms & Flowcharts


3) Determine whether a student passed the semester or not

Algorithm Flowchart

• Step 1: Input grades of 4 courses M1, START


M2, M3, and M4,
• Step 2: Calculate the average grade
with the formula INPUT
"Grade=(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4" M1, M2, M3, M4
• Step 3: If the average grade is less than
60, print "FAIL", else print "PASS"
GRADE  (M1 + M2 + M3 + M4)/4

YES GRADE < 60 NO

PRINT PRINT
FAIL PASS

END

3|Algorithms & Flowcharts

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