Fire Services-
Fire Detection
The purpose of a building fire alarm system is to detect fires, notify occupants, summon
emergency responders, and provide information to help manage the response.
Fire Detection and Alarm System is electronic equipment which detects fire and raises alarm as
warning of fire
ACTIVE
FIRE DETECTION
come into play only when a
fire is present and require
activation through a LIFE SAFETY
combination of sensors or
FIRE PROTECTION mechanical means.
PASSIVE LIFE SAFETY
is an integral part of the
building layout and materials of
construction
Three things produced by fire forms the basis of detection
Heat
Underlying
principle
for
detection
Light Smoke
The purpose of a building fire alarm system is to detect fires, notify occupants, summon
emergency responders, and provide information to help manage the response.
Fire Detection and Alarm System is electronic equipment which detects fire and raises alarm as
warning of fire
Manual or Automatic & Manual Detection Manual Call Electronic Electronic Emergency
Alarm Devices
Ancillary Equipment
Miscellaneous
Control Panel
automatic Points Sounders / Bells telephone
Smoke Strobes systems
Detectors Door
Voice Release Integration
Heat Enhanced with other
Detectors Sounders services
Repeater
Panels
Beam
Smoke Power
Detectors Supplies
Duct annunciator
Smoke s
Detector
Conventional/ Analogue
Fire detection
Addressable
Smoke detector
Ionization
Optical/ photoelectric
Heat detector
Fixed temperature
Rate of rise
Flame detector
Infrared detectors
UV detectors
A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
IONIZATION PHOTO- AIR SAMPLING BEAM
generally more ELECTRIC capable of DETECTOR
responsive to generally more detecting consists of a
flaming fires. have responsive to microscopic transmitter and
a small amount of fires that begin particles of smoke. receiver and
radioactive consists of a operates in line of
material between with a long period
of smoldering. central detection sight has a
two electrically unit which draws separate alarm and
charged plates, aim a light source air through a trouble signals.
which ionizes the into a sensing network of pipes to suitable for
air and causes chamber at an detect smoke. protecting open
current to flow angle away from capable of areas with high
between the plates. the sensor. detecting the ceilings where
When smoke Smoke enters the presence of smoke conventional spot
enters, it disrupts chamber, particles type smoke
the flow of ions, reflecting light suspended in air detectors are
thus reducing the onto the light by detecting the difficult to install
flow of current and sensor; triggering light scattered by and maintain.
activating the the alarm them in the
alarm. chamber
Ideally suited to locations where high sensitivity is required for change in heat and where
smoke detectors are found unsuitable
response temperature of a heat detector should be a minimum of 29°C above the
maximum ambient temperature likely to be experienced for long periods of time
Types of Heat detectors
Combination type heat
Fixed temperature heat
Detector
Rate of rise heat detector detectors- Rate
compensating
-Typically- 8-110 C/min
-fixed temperature
backstop to
ensure that even very
slow increases in
temperature will
eventually raise an
alarm, if the
increase continues for a
sufficiently long period.
Smoke Detector Heat Detector
transmits a similar signal when the
transmits a signal to the control unit when
temperature reaches a predetermined
the concentration of airborne combustion
level or when there is an abnormal rate of
products reaches a predetermined level.
temperature rise.
Slow to react. Heat detectors are not
give the earliest warning of fire, typically
prone to false alarms although it is rather
responding to a fire 1/10th of the size as
insensitive to smoldering fires of low
that required to operate a heat detector
temperature
In corridors up to 2 m wide
