LITERARY DEVICES:-
ONOMATOPOEIA- refers to words that imitate the natural sounds associated with the
actions they describe;ex- chirp,sizzle,band
ALLUSION-an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it
explicitly; an indirect or passing reference;when we describe something as a Waterloo
instead of saying it was a total defeat, we assume others know about the Battle of Waterloo.
SIMILE-As slow as a sloth.
METAPHOR-He is a lion when he comes to the field.
IMAGERY-
ANTHROPOMORPHISM-
APHORISM-
FLASHBACK-
ANALOGY-
SYMBOLISM-
PARADOX-
ASSONANCE-
OXYMORON-
Euphemism-
A- ALLITERATION(the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent
or closely connected words."the alliteration of ‘sweet birds sang’")
R-REPETITION(Time after time;Heart-to-heart;Hand in hand;)
I-IDIOM
P-PERSONIFICATION( the representation of a thing or idea as a person or by the human
form;
E-EXAGGERATION (I am so hungry I could eat a horse. This ice cream is out of this world.
I'm in so much trouble, my Dad is going to kill me.)
F-FACTS
O-OPINIONS
R-RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
E-EMOTIVE LANGUAGE (ex-The defenseless wolf was violently attacked by the gruesome
bear)
S-SIMILES
T-TRIADS(rule of three)
COMPLEX SENTENCES-
COMPOUND SENTENCES- (a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined
by a comma, semicolon or conjunction;An example of a compound sentence is, 'This house
is too expensive, and that house is too small.)
SIMPLE SENTENCES-(A simple sentence consists of just one independent clause—a
group of words that contains at least one subject and at least one verb and can stand alone
as a complete sentence—with no dependent clauses; My partner loves to hike.)
SUMMARY:-
Write 12-14 points
Write 120 words
Group the similar points(ex- behaviour of people;food available)
Begin with a topic sentence which should come from the key words of the question itself
Use synonyms of the keywords
Do not pick chunks of the text when selecting points
Don’t use the same set of the words;use your own words(do that by changing the beginning
of the sentence)
Use 1 or 2 compound or complex sentences(use variety of sentence types)
No explanation,conclusion,introduction needed.
Journal entry format:-
Date-21st January,2025
Today was my first day……………
ARTICLE FORMAT:-
Catchy title(3-4 words)- use puns,alliteration,or intriguing phrases to draw interest
Intro=keywords+magic words(what if,have you ever & if )+ ! - begin with an interesting
hook:a question,anecdote or striking fact
Sub heading of all three a1 a2 and a3
Ending - thought provoking or promoting or persuasive or call to action
DO NOT USE PERSONAL CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES
TONE- friendly accessible/conversational tone
Use adjectives
Start with an rhetorical question to have an engaging start
Humour
Mix of short and long sentences
Simple,complex and compound sentences
Variety of sentence starters:-
How
What
If
More
Less
‘Ing’ ending words of a verb
‘Ed’ past tense of a verb
Scarcely
Add quotations
Use ARIPEFOREST
SPEECH FORMAT:-
Direct address and greeting
Introduction:
• Start with a hook to grab attention (quote, rhetorical question, or surprising
fact).
• Address the audience (e.g., “Good morning, ladies and gentlemen”).
• Clearly state the purpose of the speech.
Example:
“Good afternoon, everyone. Did you know that over 2.5 billion plastic cups are used every
year, with most ending up in our oceans? Today, I’m here to talk about how small changes
can make a big impact on saving our planet.”
2. Main Body:
• Use 2–3 clear points to support your argument.
• Include evidence, anecdotes, or statistics.
• Address counterarguments and refute them to show balance.
• Use transitional phrases to guide the audience through your ideas.
3. Conclusion:
• Summarize your main points.
• End with a strong call to action or a memorable closing line.
Example:
“Together, we can turn the tide against plastic pollution. It starts with one choice, one
action—let that change begin with you.”
Phrases to Impress the Examiner
• Opening:
• “Ladies and gentlemen, I stand before you today to…”
• “Let me start by asking you a simple question…”
• Transitioning:
• “Let us consider the following…”
• “Now, you might wonder why this matters…”
• Building Arguments:
• “Statistics show that…”
• “Let me illustrate this with an example…”
• Counterarguments:
• “Some might argue that…, but in reality…”
• “While it’s true that…, it is equally important to…”
• Conclusion:
• “In conclusion, I urge you to…”
• “Let us not forget that the power to change lies within our hands.”
REPORT FORMAT:-
Reports are purely facts based
Eye witness quote
Summarise the details mentioned -do not give detail in the report
FORMAL REPORT:
Heading-concise/not exaggerated
Intro-This report is based on the findings/this report outlines……….(we get the info from the
text)
We need three sub headings for all three-A1,A2 &A3
Facts/witness quotes/evidences
Concluding paragraph-unbiased solution based on the
NEWSPAPER REPORT:
Only the intro is different- it answers the Wh questions-what,where,when
Ex-a severe accident (answers what happened)at the intersection of Elm street and
riverside avenue (answers where it happened) last night (answers when it happened )
individuals injured and caused significant traffic disruptions
