UNIT 6

A. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Complete each sentence with the correct word(s). Take the picture next to
each sentence as a clue.
1. A(n) underpass is a road or path that goes underneath a
railway or another road.
Underpass: hầm chui

2. Another rail/ flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of

this year.
Fly over: cầu vượt

3. In the countryside, most people lived in cottage/thatched houses (nhà rơm) with dirt
floors

4. At a length of 6.28km, Hai Van tunnel is the longest tunnel

in Southeast Asia.

5. The Hague is an immaculate city, where you‟re more likely to see

bicycles and trams than cars.

trams

6. A network of elevated walkways is an effective response to

overcrowding and urban chaos.
elevated walkways: đường đi bộ trên cao

7. Rubber sandals were commonly worn by Vietnamese soldiers during

Vietnam‟s two national resistance wars.( chiến tranh kháng chiến)

8. Skytrain/subway runs through all important downtown districts and

major transport hubs in Bangkok.
II. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

trench nuclear extended mushroomed initial

compartment launched boom tiled facilities

1. Over the last 2 decades, Vietnam has experienced a rapid construction boom .
Urbanization: đô thị hóa
2. Facilities include a large indoor pool, jacuzzi and sauna.

3. A nuclear family is a family group consisting of two parents and their children.
Extended family: gia đình đa thế hệ
4. From the upper rooms of the houses may be seen a large number of old tiled
roofs. (mái ngói)
5. In recent years, the number of skyscrapers has mushroomed in Ho Chi Minh City.
Mushroom: mọc nhanh như nấm

6. After some initial hesitation, teachers seem to have accepted the new
system.
 Hesitation: sự lưỡng lự/do dự
7. A typical extended family consists of multiple generations living together in the
same household.
8. On the way home we shared our first-class compartment (khu vực hạng nhất) with a
group of businessmen.
9. The Cat Linh-Ha Dong elevated railway is expected to be launched in 2018.
10. They are digging a trench to hold a water pipe which will divert water
from the river.

11.
III. Underline the correct word.
1. There has been a considerable / considerably rise in the number of people moving to Ho
Chi Minh City.
2. The educational system has slight / slightly been improved to meet the demands of
employers.
Slight: nhẹ (tăng nhẹ)
Meet the demand: đáp ứng nhu cầu
3. Vietnam has gradual / gradually built up a reputation as a major exporter of rice.
Reputation: danh tiếng (fame)
Gradually: một cách từ từ (lớn dần)
4. Living standard in rural areas has witnessed a significant / significantly upgrade over
the past 10 years.
Significant: có ý nghĩa/quan trọng
Witness (n,v): chứng kiến/ người chứng kiến (nhân chứng)
5. Vietnam has changed dramatic / dramatically (đáng kể) over the last two decades.
6. Vietnam is experiencing rapid / rapidly demographic and social change.’’
Rapid: nhanh chóng
Demographic: quy mô dân số
Social: xã hội
 7. It was noticeable / noticeably how a few people managed to impose their will on the others.
8. The death toll was initial / initially reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300.
Death toll: số người chết
Revise: sửa đổi
9. You will find it convenient / conveniently getting around Nagoya by bus and subway.

10. We have a buoyant economy and unemployment is considerable / considerably lower

than the regional average.
Buoyant: sôi nổi  buoyant economy: nền kinh tế sôi nổi
Unemployment: thất nghiệp
IV. Rewrite the following sentences, using the adjectives or adverbs in brackets.
1. There has been a great improvement in my English speaking skill over the last three
years. (dramatically)
→ My English speaking skill

2. There is a minor increase in the number of unemployed graduates this year, (slightly)
→ The number

3. The number of Vietnamese students studying in the U.S has risen little by little. (gradual)
→ There has been

4. There has been enormous growth in the economy this year. (considerably)
→ The economy

5. The number of foreign tourists to Vietnam has decreased quickly during the past years.
(rapid)
→ There has been

6. There was a big fall in our coffee exports due to bad weather. (significantly)
→ Our coffee exports

7. There will be a gradual decrease in the price of computers. (steadily)

→ The price

8. The traffic system in Vietnam has changed a lot in recent years. (dramatic)
 → There has been

V. Fill in the blank with the past perfect form of the verb in brackets.
1. After the war had ended (end), Vietnamese people focused on dealing with
domestic matters.
Domestic: liên quan đến trong nước
Domestic violence: bạo lực gia đình
2. How long had they been (they/ be) married before he died?
3. Before the invention of Internet, most people had read (read) newspapers to
update current events.
4. Why didn‟t you want to watch the film? Had you seen (you/ see) it before?
5. She hadn’t had (not have) any experience in business communication, so we
offered her a training course.
6. Before the introduction of low-cost airlines, Vietnamese had mostly traveled
(mostly/ travel) by coach.
Low-cost: giá thấp =cheap
7. Had you learned (you/ learn) about Vietnam war before you made the presentation about
it?
8. Ethan suddenly realised that he had left (leave) his laptop on the train.
9. My house was very dirty because I hadn’t cleaned (not clean) it for weeks.
10. She couldn‟t get access to the Internet because she hadn’t paid (not pay) the bill.
VI. Complete the sentence with the past simple or past perfect form of the verb in
brackets.
1. They had lived (live) in Paris for 10 years before they moved (move)
home.
2. As soon as I downloaded (download) the document, I knew I had made
(make) a mistake.
3. Mary was ringing (ring) John‟s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but John had already left
(already/ leave) the house.
4. By the time the firemen arrived (arrive), the fire had destroyed
(destroy) three houses.
5. Our economy hadn’t stood (not stand) a chance of developing before the
government
adopted (adopt) the open-door policy.
 6. When I last spole (speak) to her, she still hadn’t finish (not
finish) her assignment.
7. Nobody came (come) to the meeting because Angela had forgotten (forget) to tell
them about it.
8. She had gone (go) to Disneyland three times when she was (be) a little girl.
9. After I had completed (complete) the form, I gave (give) it to the secretary
(thư kí).
10. Sarah had driven (drive) three hundred miles by the time she arrived
(arrive) in Tacoma.
VII. Fill in each blank with one adjective from the box.

dangerous convinced brave annoyed astonished

relieved generous embarrassed conscious dissapointed

1. Mr. Davies was annoyed (khó chịu) that the books were missing.
2. I was disappointed to hear that we had lost, thinking we had a good chance.
3. I was convinced that we were doing the right thing. (persuade)
4. We were all astonished to see Mia at the party because she hardly hung out
with friends.
5. It was generous of him to pay for both of us.
This is on me
6. It would be dangerous for you to climb the mountain alone.
7. He is embarassed (xấu hổ) to tell her he‟d forgotten their anniversary. Again!
8. Polly was RELIEVED to learn that her mother‟s illness was not a serious one.
9. It was brave of Sarah to start her own business.
10. Teachers are increasingly conscious (có nhận thức ) that the Internet is very important.
VIII. Rewrite these sentences, using be + adjective + (of + noun/pronoun) + to-infinitive.
1. Learning how to live in space is
difficult.
It is difficult to learn how to live in space.
2. I learned that I had been promoted. I was delighted.

3. He shouldn‟t press the emergency button. It was stupid.

4. Having interests outside work is necessary.

 5. John gave them £100. It was very generous.

6. They saw the driver was a six-year-old boy. They were astonished.

7. Thank you for visiting me in hospital. It was very kind.

8. Being in good health is very important for athletes.

9. We heard that your father‟s in hospital again. We‟re sorry.

10. Why did he make that remark? It was very rude.

IX. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1. It now seems certain .
a. to be an election in May b. of an election in May
c. that there will be an election in May d. for an election in May
election: bầu cử (n)  elect
certain: chắc chắn
2. Jacqui was pleasantly surprised .
a. to get a B for history b. if she gets a B for history
c. for getting a B for history d. getting a B for history
3. It can be difficult to talk to teenagers nowadays.
a. with parents b. for parents c. to parents d. of parents
4. It‟s careless to let your children play with fire.
a. to you b. with you c. of you d. for you
5. My dad was glad his best friend again after 20 years.
Glad to do sth
a. meet b. meeting c. of meeting d. to meet
6. She was fully aware .
a. that he did not like her b. of he did not like her
c. for his dislike her. d. him not to like her
7. to think of doing it like that.
It to be + ADJ of somebody
 a. You were clever b. It‟s clever for you
c. It was clever of you d. It‟s clever that you
8. She was the news of his death. He was so young!
a. shocked to hear b. pleased to hear c. relieved to hear d. annoyed to hear
9. Susan was sorry .
Sorry + for +Ving
Lose one’s temper: mất bình tĩnh/tức giận
a. to lose her temper b. that losing her temper
c. for lose her temper d. that she‟d lost her temper
10. It was necessary this question as soon as possible.
a. of us to solve b. for us to solve c. for us solving d. of us solve
X. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. It is wrong of him to get so angry over such a little thing. It is +adj of
2. I can‟t imagine how those students could study in such poor conditions!
3. The image of my family preparing for Tet has gone into my heart.
4. It was impossible for him to convince her that he was right.
5. She was standing between her husband and her eldest son.
6. I‟m beginning to like Japanese food. I certainly prefer rice to potatoes.
7. During our visit to Japan, we saw a lot of interesting places.
8. What she wrote in the essay explained a lot about her thoughts of our country in
the past.
9. Peasants‟ houses from this period were made of sticks, straw and mud.
10. Vietnam‟s first metro systems are under construction.
B. SPEAKING
I. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. A:

B: Vietnam‟s transportation system has changed dramatically over the past

ten years.
2. A:

B: Electric trams were used as the main means of public transport in Hanoi.
3. A:
 B: Construction of the Thu Thiem tunnel was delayed because of difficulties in Site
clearance. 4. A:

B: The first metro in Saigon will be put into operation in 2020.

5. A:

B: The railroad of Vietnam is over 3,000 km in total.

6. A:

B: The Hai Van Tunnel is situated on Highway 1.

7. A:

B: The first skytrains in Vietnam have four compartments.

8. A:

B: People in Vietnam had travelled by bicycle before the first motorbike was
imported.
II. Put the dialogue into the correct order.
How does it change?
Amazing!
I see. It gives both parents and children more privacy, right?
40 years.
Yes, of course.
The educational system may be among the most important changes.
The learning facilities have been improved with loudspeakers and projectors, together
with the labs and swimming pool.
Wow! It‟s such a long time. I guess you have witnessed many changes.
Can you tell me some of them?
You mean youngsters move out of their family when they reach 18?
Absolutely.
1 How long have you been living in Saigon?
Yes, it is. And you know, not only the school but the family structure has also been
changed.
No. Actually, children still live with their parents, but there are more and more nuclear
families.
C. READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.

considerably altogether rush between flows edge

facilities improve

In 2009, the City of Hanoi inaugurated (khánh thành) a new bus interchange on the
(1) edge of the city densest (dense: dày đặc) and busiest
neighbourhood. This new bus interchange demonstrates how small-scale but finely designed
interventions can substantially (đáng kể) (2) improve
transportation quality in Hanoi. The new bus interchange is
efficiently handling (xử lí) a large volume of (số lượng) bus flow and has (3)
__considerably improved inter-modality in the area. The new facility can handle
nearly 300 buses per hour at (4) rush hour and over 3,500 passengers a day. It includes
waiting platforms for users, stopping zones and dedicated bus right-of-way lanes, nearby
taxi and park-and-drive (5) facilities for motorbikes and a
quick connection to the Long Bien train station, providing inter-regional rail links. (6)
Altogether , these improvements have significantly facilitated (làm cho dễ
dàng hơn) the redistribution of passenger (7) flows into the central
and historic quarters of the capital and to suburban areas and eased conflicts (8) between
users.
II. Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answers.
In the early 17th century, most of the southern region of Vietnam was nearly
uninhabited (không có cư dân) and in the position of Ho Chi Minh City, there was a small
village formed with a few residents. However, thanks to its advantage in location, the town
grew both economically and politically. By the 19th century, this had become a cultural hub
of the South as well as an important trading center of the country.
You might not know that there was a time Saigon was referred to as the Pearl of the Far
East. Sadly, having been through various occurrences and two disastrous wars has stunted
the city‟s development. Only after the political instabilities had settled, Saigon recovered
miraculously and maintained its leading position in terms of both the economics and
culture. Officially named as Ho Chi Minh City, Saigon today has 22 districts in total and
attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists annually.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
a. Saigon: Lost and Found b. Saigon: Then and Now
c. Saigon: Now and Then d. Saigon: Hub of the South East Vietnam
2. According to the passage, Saigon was in the early 17th century.
 a. a financial center b. an uninhabited region
c. a small village d. an important city
3. What happened with Saigon in the 19th century?
a. It became popular all over Asia.
b. It became a cultural hub of the South and an important trading center of Vienam.
c. It became the most important trading center in the world.
d. It was no longer visited by international tourists.
4. The city‟s development has been stunted (chững lại) because of .
a. two disastrous wars
b. some major historic events
c. natural disasters and disastrous wars
d. different occurrences and disastrous wars
5. The word “occurrences” is closest in meaning to .
a. situations b. adventures c. incidents d. affairs
6. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
a. In the early 17th century, there were only a few residents living on the position of Saigon.
b. The location of Saigon helped the town develop its economy and politics.
c. Saigon was once referred as the Pearl of the Far East.
d. Saigon had recovered and held its leading position before the political instabilities
settled.
D. WRITING
I. Write sentences, using the clues given.
1. many schools/ the world/ found/ the beginning of the 20th century.

2. it/ nice/ John/ give/ us/ lift/ the train station.

3. there/ be/ dramatic/ increase/ the number/ people/ travel/ abroad/ recent years.

4. I/ prefer/ ride/ my bicycles/ catch/ bus/ school/ every morning.

5. Saigonese/ expect/ that/ new/ metro system/ can/ solve/ traffic problem

6. how long/ you/ know/ him/ before/ he/ get/ married?

7. traffic system/ Ho Chi Minh City/ be/ upgraded/ the last five years.

8. he/ be/ disappointed/ see/ she/ be/ not/ the party.

9. it/ be/ impossible/ me/ wear/ rubber sandals/ school.

10. before 1990/ Vietnamese people/ live/ extended families.

II. Complete the second sentence so that It has the same meaning as the first.
1. It was confident of him to say that he was the best student in his school.
→ He was

2. Our lifestyle has changed considerably since the introduction of Western culture.
→ There has

3. It‟s exciting for me to learn that I can come to visit my friend in Phu Yen next month.
→ I am

4. Those children need to be taught about how Vietnam has transformed itself.
→ It is

5. She was so rude to shout at his face in the department store.

→ It was

6. My father was pleased when he learned that I had passed the entrance exam to high school.
→ My father

7. Everybody had gone home when I came to the party.

→ As soon as

8. This country is unsafe to visit during summer vacation.

→ It is

9. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people learning English.
→ The number of people
10. Phong went to the beach after working hard for a week.
→ After Phong