Introduction to Cloud Computing
By
Dr. Suchi Kumari
Assistant Professor
Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence
Email: suchi.kumari@snu.edu.in
Office Hours: 11:00 AM – 1:00 PM
(Wednesday)
RELIABILITY
Reliability:
Probability that entire system functions for a specified
period. Truck
Includes hardware, firmware, and software.
Measure of how long the item performs its intended
function. Brakes
Subsystem
Two common measures of reliability:
Ignition
Cooling
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) – Total time in Subsystem
service/number of failures Subsystem
Failure Rate – Number of failures/total time in service System
Probability that the product will work for some time t
without failure:
EXAMPLE
1. Suppose 10 devices are tested for 500 hours. During the test 2 failures occur.
A. Evaluate MTBF
B. Failure Rate
2. For a product with an MTBF of 250,000 hours, and an operating time of interest of
5 years (43,800 hours). What is the probability that the product will operate for the 5
years without a failure
EXAMPLE
1. Suppose 10 devices are tested for 500 hours. During the test 2 failures occur.
A. Evaluate MTBF
MTBF= (10*500)/2 = 2,500 hours / failure.
B. Failure Rate
Failure Rate = 2/(10*500) = 1/2500 failure / hour
2. For a product with an MTBF of 250,000 hours, and an operating time of interest of
5 years (43,800 hours). What is the probability that the product will operate for the 5
years without a failure
RELIABILITY VS. AVAILABILITY
Reliability – A measure of how long a resource performs its
intended function.
Availability – A measure of the percentage of time the resources
are operating normally.
A percentage of uptime (such as 99.9%) over a period
(commonly a year).
Availability – Normal Operation Time/Total Time
Common Shorthand – Refers only to the number of 9s; for
example, 5 nines is 99.999% available.
WHAT IS HIGH AVAILABILITY?
High Availability (HA) is about ensuring that your application's downtime is minimized
as much as possible without the need for human intervention.
Levels of Availability:
Equivalent
Percent of Uptime Max Downtime per Year Downtime per
Day
1 Nine 90% 36.5 days 2.4 hrs
2 Nines 99% 3.65 days 14 min
3 Nines 99.9% 8.76 hrs 86 sec
4 Nines 99.99% 52.6 min 8.6 sec
5 Nines 99.999% 5.25 min .86 sec
HIGH AVAILABILITY
High availability ensures that:
Systems are generally functioning and
accessible.
Downtime is minimized.
Minimal human intervention is required.
Amazon Web Services
(AWS)
Categories of AWS services
Analytics Application AR and VR Blockchain Business Compute
Integration Applications
Cost Customer Database Developer Tools End User Game Tech
Management Engagement Computing
Internet Machine Management and Media Services Migration and Mobile
of Things Learning Governance Transfer
Networking and Robotics Satellite Security, Identity, and Storage
Content Delivery Compliance
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Choosing a service
The service you select depends on your business goals and technology
requirements.
Amazon
VMware Cloud EC2 AWS
on AWS Lambda
Amazon ECS ? AWS Elastic
Beanstalk
Amazon EKS
Amazon
AWS Fargate
AWS Outposts Lightsail
AWS Batch
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Services covered in this course
Compute services – Storage services – Management and
• Amazon EC2 • Amazon S3 Governance services –
• AWS Lambda • Amazon S3 Glacier • AWS Trusted Advisor
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk • Amazon EFS • AWS CloudWatch
• Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling • Amazon EBS • AWS CloudTrail
• Amazon ECS • AWS Well-Architected Tool
• Amazon EKS Database services – • AWS Auto Scaling
• Amazon ECR • Amazon RDS • AWS Command Line Interface
• AWS Fargate • Amazon DynamoDB • AWS Config
• Amazon Redshift • AWS Management Console
• Amazon Aurora • AWS Organizations
Security, Identity, and
Compliance services – Networking and Content AWS Cost Management
• AWS IAM Delivery services – services –
• Amazon Cognito • Amazon VPC • AWS Cost & Usage
• AWS Shield • Amazon Route 53 Report
• AWS Artifact • Amazon CloudFront • AWS Budgets
• AWS KMS • Elastic Load Balancing • AWS Cost Explorer
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AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)
• AWS CAF provides guidance and
best practices to help
organizations build a
comprehensive approach to cloud
computing across the organization
and throughout the IT lifecycle to
accelerate successful cloud
adoption.
AWS CAF perspectives
• AWS CAF is organized into six
perspectives.
• Perspectives consist of sets of
capabilities.
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Six core perspectives
Focus on business Focus on technical
capabilities capabilities
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Business perspective
We must ensure that IT is aligned with business
needs, and that IT investments can be traced to
demonstrable business results.
IT finance
IT strategy
Benefits realization
Business risk management
Business managers, finance
Business perspective capabilities managers, budget owners,
and strategy stakeholders
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People perspective
We must prioritize training, staffing, and
organizational changes to build an agile
organization.
Resource management
Incentive management
Career management
Training management
Organizational change
management
Human resources, staffing,
and people managers
People perspective capabilities
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Governance perspective
We must ensure that skills and processes align IT strategy
and goals with business strategy and goals so the
Portfolio management organization can maximize the business value of its IT
investment and minimize business risks.
Program and
project management
Business performance
measurement
License management
Governance perspective capabilities
CIO, program managers, enterprise
architects, business analysts, and
portfolio managers
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Platform perspective
We must understand and communicate the nature
of IT systems and their relationships. We must be
Compute provisioning
able to describe the architecture of the target state
environment in detail.
Network provisioning
Storage provisioning
Database provisioning
Systems and solution
architecture
CTO, IT managers, and
Application development solutions architects
Platform perspective capabilities
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Security perspective
We must ensure that the organization meets its
security objectives.
Identity and access
management
Detective control
Infrastructure security
Data protection
CISO, IT security managers,
Incident response and IT security analysts
Security perspective capabilities
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Operations perspective
We align with and support the operations of the
Service monitoring business, and define how day-to-day, quarter-to-
quarter, and year-to-year business will be
Application performance
monitoring conducted.
Resource inventory
management
Release management/
change management
Reporting and analytics
Business continuity/
Disaster recovery IT operations managers and
IT service catalog IT support managers
Operations perspective capabilities
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AWS Global Infrastructure Overview
Section 1: AWS Global Infrastructure
Section 2: AWS services and service category overview
AWS Global Infrastructure
• The AWS Global Infrastructure is designed and built to deliver a flexible, reliable, scalable, and secure cloud computing environment with high-
quality global network performance.
• AWS Global Infrastructure Map: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/#AWS_Global_Infrastructure_Map
• Regions and Availability Zones: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/regions_az/
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AWS Regions
• An AWS Region is a geographical area.
• Data replication across Regions is controlled by
you.
• Communication between Regions uses AWS
backbone network infrastructure.
• Each Region provides full redundancy and
connectivity to the network.
• A Region typically consists of two or more
Availability Zones.
Example: London Region
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Selecting a Region
Data governance, legal
requirements
Proximity to customers
(latency)
Determine the right Region for
your services, applications, and Services available within
the Region
data based on these factors
Costs (vary by Region)
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Availability Zones
• Each Region has multiple Availability Zones.
AWS Cloud
• Each Availability Zone is a fully isolated partition of
the AWS infrastructure. Region eu-west-1
• Availability Zones consist of discrete data centers Availability Zone eu-west-1a
• They are designed for fault isolation Data center
• They are interconnected with other Availability Zones by using Data center
high-speed private networking
• You choose your Availability Zones. Data center
• AWS recommends replicating data and resources across
Availability Zones for resiliency. Availability Zone eu-west-1b
Availability Zone eu-west-1c
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AWS data centers
• AWS data centers are designed for
security.
• Data centers are where the data
resides, and data processing occurs.
• Each data center has redundant power,
networking, and connectivity, and is
housed in a separate facility.
• A data center typically has 50,000 to
80,000 physical servers.
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Points of Presence
• AWS provides a global network of
Points of Presence locations
• Consists of edge locations and a
much smaller number of
Regional edge caches
• Used with Amazon CloudFront
• A global Content Delivery Network
(CDN), that delivers content to end
users with reduced latency
• Regional edge caches used for
content with infrequent access.
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AWS infrastructure features
• Elasticity and scalability
• Elastic infrastructure; dynamic adaption of capacity Physically distinct Backup
generators
• Scalable infrastructure; adapts to accommodate
growth
Data center Data center Data center Data center
• Fault-tolerance
• Continues operating properly in the presence of a Data center Data center Data center Data center
failure Availability Zone Availability Zone
• Built-in redundancy of components
• High availability Network
Data center Data center
• High level of operational performance connectivity
Data center Data center
• Minimized downtime Availability Zone
• No human intervention
Uninterruptible Cooling
power supply AWS Region equipment
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AWS foundational services
Applications Virtual desktops Collaboration and sharing
Databases Analytics Application Deployment and Mobile
Cluster services management Services
computing Queuing Containers Identity
Relational
Platform Real-time Orchestration DevOps tools Sync
Services App Streaming
NoSQL Data Resource templates Mobile
warehouse Transcoding
Usage tracking Analytics
Caching Data Email
Monitoring and logs Notifications
workflows Search
Compute (virtual,
Foundation Networking Storage (object,
automatic scaling, and
Services block, and archive)
load balancing)
Infrastructure Regions Availability Zones Edge locations
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AWS categories of services
Analytics Application AR and VR Blockchain Business Compute
Integration Applications
Cost Customer Database Developer Tools End User Game Tech
Management Engagement Computing
Internet Machine Management and Media Services Migration and Mobile
of Things Learning Governance Transfer
Networking and Robotics Satellite Security, Identity, and Storage
Content Delivery Compliance
30
Storage service category
AWS storage services
Amazon Simple Storage Amazon Elastic Block Amazon Elastic
Service (Amazon S3) Store (Amazon EBS) File System
Photo from https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-grey-device-159282/ (Amazon EFS)
Amazon Simple Storage
Service
Glacier
31
Compute service category
AWS Compute services
Amazon EC2 Amazon EC2 Amazon Elastic Amazon EC2
Auto Scaling Container Service Container Registry
Photo from https://www.pexels.com/photo/technology-computer-lines-board-50711/ (Amazon ECS)
AWS Elastic AWS Lambda Amazon Elastic AWS Fargate
Beanstalk Kubernetes Service
(Amazon EKS)
32
Database service category
AWS Database services
Amazon Relational Amazon Aurora Amazon Redshift
Database Service
Amazon
DynamoDB
Photo from https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/data-center/data-centers/
33
Networking and content delivery service category
AWS networking
and content delivery services
Amazon VPC Elastic Load Amazon AWS Transit
Balancing CloudFront Gateway
Amazon AWS Direct AWS VPN
Route 53 Connect
Photo by Umberto on Unsplash
34
Security, identity, and compliance service category
AWS security, identity,
and compliance services
AWS Identity and Access AWS Amazon Cognito
Management (IAM) Organizations
Photo by Paweł Czerwiński on Unsplash
AWS Artifact AWS Key AWS Shield
Management
Service
35
AWS cost management service category
AWS cost management
services
AWS Cost and AWS Budgets AWS Cost
Photo by Alexander Mils on Unsplash Usage Report Explorer
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Management and governance service category
AWS management and
governance services
AWS Management AWS Config Amazon AWS Auto
Console CloudWatch Scaling
Photo by Marta Branco from Pexels
AWS Command AWS Trusted AWS Well- AWS
Line Interface Advisor Architected Tool CloudTrail
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Additional resources
• AWS Global Infrastructure: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-
infrastructure/
• AWS Regional Services List: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-
infrastructure/regional-product-services/
• AWS Cloud Products: https://aws.amazon.com/products/
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