TestNG Tutorial: A Complete Guide for
Beginners to Advanced
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to TestNG
2. Core Concepts
3. Annotations
4. Test Configuration
5. Test Parameters
6. Groups and Dependencies
7. Parallel Testing
8. Test Reports
9. Real-world Examples
1. Introduction to TestNG
What is TestNG?
TestNG (Test Next Generation) is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit,
introducing innovative functionalities for making testing more powerful and easier.
Key Features
● Annotations
● Test dependencies
● Parallel execution
● Data-driven testing
● Flexible test configuration
2. Core Concepts
Basic Test Structure
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.Assert;
public class BasicTest {
@Test
public void myFirstTest() {
String message = "Hello TestNG";
Assert.assertEquals(message, "Hello TestNG");
}
}
Assertions
TestNG provides various assertion methods:
public class AssertionExample {
@Test
public void demonstrateAssertions() {
// Basic assertions
Assert.assertEquals(5 + 5, 10);
Assert.assertTrue(10 > 5);
Assert.assertFalse(5 > 10);
// Object assertions
String[] expectedArray = {"one", "two"};
String[] actualArray = {"one", "two"};
Assert.assertEquals(actualArray, expectedArray);
// Null checks
Object obj = null;
Assert.assertNull(obj);
}
}
3. Annotations
Common Annotations
public class AnnotationsDemo {
@BeforeSuite
public void beforeSuite() {
// Executes before test suite
}
@BeforeTest
public void beforeTest() {
// Executes before test
}
@BeforeClass
public void beforeClass() {
// Executes before class
}
@BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
// Executes before each test method
}
@Test
public void testMethod() {
// Test case
}
@AfterMethod
public void afterMethod() {
// Executes after each test method
}
@AfterClass
public void afterClass() {
// Executes after class
}
@AfterTest
public void afterTest() {
// Executes after test
}
@AfterSuite
public void afterSuite() {
// Executes after test suite
}
}
4. Test Configuration
testng.xml
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="TestSuite">
<test name="FirstTest">
<classes>
<class name="com.example.TestClass1"/>
<class name="com.example.TestClass2"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
5. Test Parameters
Data Provider Example
public class ParameterizedTests {
@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] createData() {
return new Object[][] {
{"user1", "pass1"},
{"user2", "pass2"},
{"user3", "pass3"}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLogin(String username, String password) {
System.out.println("Testing login with: " + username + ", " +
password);
// Test login logic here
}
}
XML Parameters
<suite name="Suite">
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>
<test name="ParameterTest">
<classes>
<class name="ParameterizedTests"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
public class XMLParameterTest {
@Parameters({"browser"})
@Test
public void testBrowser(String browser) {
System.out.println("Testing with browser: " + browser);
}
}
6. Groups and Dependencies
Test Groups
public class GroupsExample {
@Test(groups = "smoke")
public void smokeTest1() {
// Smoke test
}
@Test(groups = {"smoke", "regression"})
public void smokeAndRegressionTest() {
// Both smoke and regression
}
@Test(groups = "regression")
public void regressionTest() {
// Regression test
}
}
Dependencies
public class DependencyExample {
@Test
public void createUser() {
// Create user logic
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"createUser"})
public void updateUser() {
// Update user logic
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"updateUser"})
public void deleteUser() {
// Delete user logic
}
}
7. Parallel Testing
Parallel Execution Configuration
<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="methods" thread-count="3">
<test name="ParallelTest">
<classes>
<class name="ParallelTestClass"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
public class ParallelTestClass {
@Test
public void test1() {
System.out.println("Test 1 running in thread: " +
Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
@Test
public void test2() {
System.out.println("Test 2 running in thread: " +
Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
}
8. Test Reports
Listeners
public class CustomListener implements ITestListener {
@Override
public void onTestStart(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test started: " + result.getName());
}
@Override
public void onTestSuccess(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test passed: " + result.getName());
}
@Override
public void onTestFailure(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test failed: " + result.getName());
}
}
9. Real-world Example: Login Test Suite
public class LoginTest {
private WebDriver driver;
@BeforeClass
public void setUp() {
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] loginData() {
return new Object[][] {
{"validUser", "validPass", true},
{"invalidUser", "invalidPass", false}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLogin(String username, String password, boolean
expectedResult) {
driver.get("http://example.com/login");
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys(username);
driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys(password);
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();
boolean actualResult =
driver.findElement(By.id("welcomeMessage")).isDisplayed();
Assert.assertEquals(actualResult, expectedResult);
}
@AfterClass
public void tearDown() {
driver.quit();
}
}
Practice Exercises
1. Basic Test:
// Create a simple calculator test
public class CalculatorTest {
private Calculator calculator;
@BeforeMethod
public void setUp() {
calculator = new Calculator();
}
@Test
public void testAddition() {
Assert.assertEquals(calculator.add(2, 2), 4);
}
}
Parameterized Test:
// Create a string manipulation test
public class StringTest {
@DataProvider(name = "stringData")
public Object[][] stringData() {
return new Object[][] {
{"hello", "HELLO"},
{"world", "WORLD"}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider = "stringData")
public void testUpperCase(String input, String expected) {
Assert.assertEquals(input.toUpperCase(), expected);
}
}
These examples provide a foundation for understanding TestNG. Practice by implementing
these examples and modifying them to suit your needs.
