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Wireless Solutions for Rural Areas | PDF | Channel Access Method | Public Switched Telephone Network
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Wireless Solutions for Rural Areas

Wireless Local Loop (WLL) replaces traditional copper wires with wireless links to connect subscribers to the local central office, particularly benefiting rural and remote areas. The architecture includes components like PSTN, Switch Function, WANU, and WASU, providing cost-effectiveness, enhanced security, and scalability while offering services such as internet access and voice communication. Common wireless access methods utilized in WLL include FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA, with CDMA being the predominant technology in countries like India.

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148 views3 pages

Wireless Solutions for Rural Areas

Wireless Local Loop (WLL) replaces traditional copper wires with wireless links to connect subscribers to the local central office, particularly benefiting rural and remote areas. The architecture includes components like PSTN, Switch Function, WANU, and WASU, providing cost-effectiveness, enhanced security, and scalability while offering services such as internet access and voice communication. Common wireless access methods utilized in WLL include FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA, with CDMA being the predominant technology in countries like India.

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safarijimmy25
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WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP

Local loop is a circuit line from a subscriber’s phone to the local central office (LCO). But the
implementation of local loop of wires is risky for the operators, especially in rural and remote
areas due to less number of users and increased cost of installation. Hence, the solution for it is
the usage of wireless local loop (WLL) which uses wireless links rather than copper wires to
connect subscribers to the local central office.

WLL Architecture:

The Wireless Local Loop (WLL) architecture replaces traditional copper wires with wireless
links, connecting subscribers to the local central office. It consists of several components,
including the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), Switch Function, WANU (Wireless
Access Network Unit), and WASU (Wireless Access Subscriber Unit).

The PSTN serves as a circuit-switched network, while the Switch Function manages connections
between WANUs. The WANU takes care of authentication, operation, routing, and data
transmission, whereas the WASU is installed at the subscriber’s location. With its cost-effe-
ctiveness, enhanced security through digital encryption, scalability options, and various features
like internet access, voice services, data transfer capabilities, and fax services – WLL proves to
be a dependable solution for telecommunication requirements specifically in remote or rural
areas.

WLL components:
1. PSTN: It is Public Switched Telephone Network which is a circuit switched network. It
is a collection of world’s interconnected circuit switched telephone networks.

2. Switch Function: Switch Function switches the PSTN among various WANUs.

3. WANU: It is short for Wireless Access Network Unit. It is present at the local exchange
office. All local WASUs are connected to it. Its functions includes: Authentication,
Operation & maintenance, Routing, Transceiving voice and data. It consists of following
sub-components:

• Transceiver: It transmits/receives data.

• WLL Controller: It controls the wireless local loop component with WASU.

• AM: It is short for Access Manager. It is responsible for authentication.

• HLR: It is short for Home Location Register. It stores the details of all local
WASUs.

WASU: It is short for Wireless Access Subscriber Units. It is present at the house of
the subscriber. It connects the subscriber to WANU and the power supply for it is
provided locally.

Advantages of WLL:

• It eliminates the first mile or last mile construction of the network connection.

• Low cost due to no use of conventional copper wires.

• Much more secure due to digital encryption techniques used in wireless


communication.

• Highly scalable as it doesn’t require the installation of more wires for scaling it.

Features of WLL:

• Internet connection via modem

• Data service

• Voice service
• Fax service

What are the most common wireless access methods?

Frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access


(TDMA), and code division multiple access (CDMA) are all used to accomplish
WLL (CDMA).

CDMA is the one that is utilized in India. This is a full-fledged mobile phone
system. In fact, in nations like the United States and Korea, it is the most widely
used technology for mobile phone services.

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