Department of

Computer Science and Engineering

Title: Python Programming (Loop, Functions,

Class and Object)

Data Mining LAB

CSE 424

Green University of Bangladesh

 1 Objective(s)
• To gather knowledge of Python program.

2 Python Programming
Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Python’s design philosophy priori-
tizes code readability, as evidenced by its extensive use of indentation. Its language elements and object-oriented
approach are aimed at assisting programmers in writing clear, logical code for both small and large-scale projects.

3 Loop
Most languages have the concept of loops: If we want to repeat a task twenty times, we don’t want to have to
type in the code twenty times, with maybe a slight change each time. As a result, we have for and while loops
in python.

3.1 For Loop

Iterating over a sequence is done with a for loop (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

3.1.1 Implementation in Python

1 # range(5) is not the values of 0 to 5, but the values 0 to 4.

2 for i in range(5):
3 print(i)
4
5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
6
7 # range(2, 5), which means values from 2 to 5 (but not including 5)
8 for i in range(2, 5):
9 print(i)
10
11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
12
13 # Increment the sequence with 3 (default is 1):
14 for i in range(2, 20, 3):
15 print(i)
16
17 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
18
19 # Here, else keyword indicates a block of code to be executed when the loop is
finished:
20 for i in range(5):
21 print(i)
22 else:
23 print("Finally finished!")
24
25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
26
27 fruits = ["orange", "apple", "cherry"]
28 for i in fruits:
29 print(i)
30
31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
32
33 # Loop through the letters in the word "orange":
34 for i in "orange":
35 print(i)
36
37 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
38
39 # Loop through the letters in the word "orange":
40
41 fruits = ["orange", "apple", "cherry"]
42 for i in fruits:
43 print(i)
44 if i == "apple":
45 break

3.1.2 Lab Task (Please implement yourself and show the output to the instructor)
• Write a python program to find the sum of odd and even numbers from a set of numbers.
• Write a python program to find the smallest number from a set of numbers.
• Write a python program to find the sum of all numbers between 50 and 100, which are divisible by 3 and
not divisible by 5.

• Write a python program to find the second highest number from a set of numbers.
• Write a python program to find the factorial of a number using for loop.
• Write a python program to generate Fibonacci series.

3.1.3 While Loop

3.1.4 Implementation in Python

1 i = 1
2 while i < 5:
3 print(i)
4 i += 1
5
6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
7
8 i = 1
9 while i < 5:
10 print(i)
11 if i == 2:
12 break
13 i += 1
14
15 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
16
17 i = 0
18 while i < 5:
19 i += 1
20 if i == 2:
21 continue
22 print(i)
23
24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
25
26 i = 1
27 while i < 5:
28 print(i)
29 i += 1
30 else:
31 print("i is no longer less than 5")

3.1.5 Lab Task (Please implement yourself and show the output to the instructor)
• Write a python program to find the sum of odd and even numbers from a set of numbers.
• Write a python program to find the smallest number from a set of numbers.
• Write a python program to find the sum of all numbers between 50 and 100, which are divisible by 3 and
not divisible by 5.
• Write a python program to find the second highest number from a set of numbers.
• Write a python program to find the factorial of a number using for loop.
• Write a python program to generate Fibonacci series.

4 Function
Functions enable you to break down the overall functionality of a script into smaller, logical subsections, which
can then be called upon to perform their individual tasks when needed. Using functions to perform repetitive
tasks is an excellent way to create code reuse. This is an important part of modern object-oriented programming
principles.
In Python a function is defined using the def keyword:

4.1 Implementation in Python

1 def my_function():
2 print("Hello World")
3
4 my_function() # Calling my_function()
5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
6
7 # Passing Argument
8 def my_function(name):
9 print("name " + name)
10
11 my_function("Mike")
12 my_function("Monica")
13 my_function("John")
14
15 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
16
17 # Passing multiple Arguments
18 def my_function(fname, lname):
19 print(fname + " " + lname)
20
21 my_function("Emil", "Refsnes")
22
23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
24
25 # Arbitrary Arguments, *args
26 def my_function(*names):
27 print("Name= " + names[2])
28
29 my_function("Mike", "Monica", "John")
30
31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
32
33 # Send arguments with the key = value syntax.
34 def my_function(name3, name2, name1):
35 print("Name= " + names3)
36
37 my_function(name1 = "Mike", name2 = "Monica", name3 = "John")
38
39 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
40
41 def my_function(**name):
42 print("His last name is " + name["lname"])
43
44 my_function(fname = "Mike", lname = "Monica")
45
46 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
47
48 # Passing a List as an Argument
49 def my_function(food):
50 for i in food:
51 print(i)
52
53 fruits = ["orange", "apple", "cherry"]
54
55 my_function(fruits)
56
57 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
58
59 # Return Values
60 def my_function(a):
61 return 5 * a
62
63 print(my_function(3))
64 print(my_function(5))
65 print(my_function(9))
66
67 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
68
69 # Recursion Example
70 def my_recursion(k):
71 if(k > 0):
72 result = k + my_recursion(k − 1)
73 print(result)
74 else:
75 result = 0
76 return result
77
78 print("\n\nRecursion Example Results")
79 my_recursion(6)

4.2 Lab Task (Please implement yourself and show the output to the instructor)
• Write a python program to find the largest number between two numbers using function

• Write a python program to find the sum of the numbers passed as parameters.
 5 Classes and Objects
Python is a programming language that focuses on object-oriented programming. In Python, almost everything
is an object, complete with properties and functions. A class functions similarly to an object constructor or a
"blueprint" for constructing objects.

5.1 Create Class and Object

5.1.1 Implementation in Python

1 class MyClass:
2 a = 5
3
4 p1 = MyClass()
5 print(p1.a)

5.2 The _init_() Function

Every class has a method called _init_() that is invoked every time the class is started. To assign values to
object properties or do other activities while the object is being constructed, use the _init_() function:

5.2.1 Implementation in Python

1 class Employee:
2 def __init__(self, name, age):
3 self.name = name
4 self.age = age
5
6 e1 = Employee("John", 26)
7
8 print(e1.name)
9 print(e1.age)

5.2.2 Input/Output
Output of the programs is given below.

John
26

5.3 Object Methods

Methods can also be found in objects. Objects have methods which are functions that belong to the object.
To assign values to object properties or do other activities while the object is being constructed, use the _init_()
function.

The self parameter is a reference to the current instance of the class, and it is used to access class-specific
variables. It doesn’t have to be called self all the time; you can call it whatever you want, but it must be the first
parameter of any class function

5.3.1 Implementation in Python

1 class Employee:
2 def __init__(self, name, age):
3 self.name = name
4 self.age = age
 5
6 def myfunc(self):
7 print("Hello my name is " + self.name)
8
9
10 e1 = Employee("John", 26)
11 e1.myfunc()
12
13 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
14
15 class Employee:
16 def __init__(myObject, name, age):
17 myObject.name = name
18 myObject.age = age
19
20 def myfunc(xy):
21 print("Hello my name is " + xy.name)
22
23
24 e1 = Employee("John", 26)
25 e1.myfunc()

5.3.2 Input/Output
Output of the programs is given below.

Hello my name is John

Hello my name is John

5.4 Modify and Delete Object Properties

5.4.1 Implementation in Python

1
2 # Modify Object Properties
3 class Employee:
4 def __init__(self, name, age):
5 self.name = name
6 self.age = age
7
8 def myfunc(self):
9 print("Hello my name is " + self.name)
10
11
12 e1 = Employee("John", 26)
13 e1.age = 30
14 print(e1.age)
15
16 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
17 # Delete Object Properties
18 class Employee:
19 def __init__(myObject, name, age):
20 myObject.name = name
21 myObject.age = age
22
23 def myfunc(xy):
24 print("Hello my name is " + xy.name)
25
26
27 e1 = Employee("John", 26)
28 del e1.age
29 print(e1.age)

5.4.2 Input/Output
Output of the programs is given below.

30
AttributeError: ’Employee’ object has no attribute ’age’

5.4.3 Lab Task (Please implement yourself and show the output to the instructor)
• Define a Python function student(). Using function attributes display the names of all arguments.
• Write a Python function studentId () which will print the id of a student (studentId). If the user passes
an argument studentId or studentId the function will print the student name and class.

6 Discussion Conclusion
Based on the focused objective(s) to understand about the python program, the additional lab exercise made
me more confident towards the fulfilment of the objectives(s).

7 Lab Exercise (Submit as a report)

• Write a Python program to crate two empty classes, Student and Marks. Now create some instances
and check whether they are instances of the said classes or not. Also, check whether the said classes are
subclasses of the built-in object class or not.

• Write a Python class named Student with two attributes studentName, marks. Modify the attribute
values of the said class and print the original and modified values of the said attributes.
• Write a Python class named Student with two attributes studentId, studentName. Add a new attribute
studentClass and display the entire attribute and their values of the said class. Now remove the student-
Name attribute and display the entire attribute with values.

• Write a Python class named Student with two attributes studentId, studentName. Add a new attribute
studentClass. Create a function to display the entire attribute and their values in Student class.

8 Policy
Copying from internet, classmate, seniors, or from any other source is strongly prohibited. 100% marks will be
deducted if any such copying is detected.