Arrays and Strings
One-dimensional array its operations
(Traversal, Linear Search, Insertion, Deletion,
Bubble Sort), Two-dimensional and its
operations (Addition, Transpose and
Multiplication), Passing of array into a function
(row and entire array), Input and output of a
string, string inbuilt functions, 2-D Character
array.
Collection of same data type elements at
adjacent locations
1-d array
int num[5] ; // total 20 bytes
Initialization
int num[6] = { 2, 4, 12, 5, 45, 5 } ;
int n[ ] = { 2, 4, 12, 5, 45, 5 } ;
float press[ ] = { 12.3, 34.2 -23.4, -11.3 } ;
Input array – 1d
for ( i = 0 ; i <30 ; i++ ) {
printf ( "\nEnter marks " ) ;
scanf ( "%d", &marks[i] ) ; }
Array traversal – go through each
element
int A[] ={15,32,14,68,42},i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf(“%d “,A[i]);
Insertion in array
Deletion is opposite of insertion
Merging arrays
Program exercises
To insert an element in a given array. Ask the
user the value and position of the element to
be inserted
To delete an element in a given array. Ask the
user which element to delete after displaying
the given array
To merge two given arrays.
(given means initialise e.g int A[] = {3,-9,5};
Searching the array
Linear search
Binary search
Hint – insertion in array
int arr[5] ={1,2,3,4}, nElts=4;
//....
for(i=nElts; i>=pos; i--) arr[i] = arr[i-1];
arr[pos-1] = num;
nElts++;
//…
Hint – delete array element
for(i=pos-1; i<nElts-1; i++)
arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
nElts--;
Hint: Merge two arrays
int A[] = {1,2,3,4}, B[] = {4,5,6},C[10];
int a=4,b=3,c=a+b,i,j;
for(i=0;i<a;i++) C[i] = A[i];
for(j=a;j<c;j++) C[j] = B[j-a];
Answer: insertion
main(){
int arr[5] ={1,2,3,4}, nElts=4, pos,i, num;
printf("Enter elt and pos: "); scanf("%d
%d",&num,&pos);
for(i=nElts; i>=pos; i--) arr[i] = arr[i-1];
arr[pos-1] = num;
nElts++;
for(i=0;i<nElts;i++) printf(" %d",arr[i]);
}
//Linear Search
int main( ) {
int A[] = { 55, 65, 75, 56, 78, 78, 90 },n=7,x=78;
int index=-1,i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if(A[i] == x) index= i;
//found
if(index>-1)
printf("%d found at loc %d",x,index+1);
else printf("%d not found",x);
}
Try binary search
You need a sorted array
int A[] = { 55, 56,65, 75, 78, 78, 90 };
int x=75; //to be searched
int n = 7; //array size
Binary search
while (beg<=end) {
mid = (beg + end)/2;
if (A[mid] == x) return mid;
if (A[mid] > x) beg = mid-1;
else end = mid+1);
}
2-d array
int s[4][2] ; // total 32 bytes
Arrays gets stored sequentially in the
memory
3-d array
int A[3][4][2];
2-d initialization
int stud[4][2] = { { 1234, 56 }, { 1212, 33 },
{ 1434, 80 }, { 1312, 78 } } ;
int stud[4][2] = { 1234, 56, 1212, 33, 1434,
80, 1312, 78 } ;
3-d initialization
int A[3][4][2]={
{{2,4},{7,8},{3,4},{5,6}},
{{7,6},{3,4},{5,3},{2,3}},
{{8,9},{7,2},{3,4},{5,1},}
};
Displaying basic matrix
main() {
int A[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) printf("%d ", A[i][j]);
printf("\n"); } }
Function to add two matrices
int i,j,C[3][3];
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
C[i][j] = A[i][j]+B[i][j];
Strings
Input and output of a string, string
inbuilt functions, 2-D Character array.
String definition
String is a 1-d array of characters terminated
by a null (‘\0’ )
char C[] = {'A','B','C','\0'};
char S[] = "ABC";
Both C and S have length = 3
You can also have NULL instead of ‘\0’ defined
in stdio.h and string.h
I/O tough way
main(){
char name[25] ;
printf ( "Enter name: " ) ;
scanf ( "%[^\n]s", name ) ; // for having
blanks
printf("hello %s",name);
}
I/O easy way
main(){
char C[20];
gets(C); // accepts blank spaces
puts(C);
}
NULL and strlen()
main(){
int i=0;
char C[10];
gets(C);
while(C[i]!=NULL) printf("%c",C[i++]);
//OR while(i<strlen(C)) printf("%c",C[i+
+]);
}
Few Inbuilt functions
main( ) {
char A[] = "wxYZ", B[]="78",C[20];
printf("length of %s = %d",A,strlen(A));
if(strcmp(A,B)==0) printf("\nA,B same
srings");
printf("\nC = %s",strcpy(C,A));
printf("\nUppercase of A = %s",strupr(A));
printf("\nConcat A+C = %s",strcat(C,A));
printf("\n Reverse A = %s",strrev(A));
}
2-d character array
char Names[6][10] = {"akshay",
"parag",
"raman"};
puts(Names[0]); //akshay
char Names[6][10] storage
