Section 17

Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Section 17

Expansive Additives

Contents
Expansive Additives ...................................................................................................................... 17-3
Crystalline Growth ................................................................................................................... 17-3
Gas Generation....................................................................................................................... 17-3
Benefits of Expanding Cement ............................................................................................... 17-3
EA-2 .............................................................................................................................................. 17-4
MicroBond ..................................................................................................................................... 17-7
MicroBond M ............................................................................................................................... 17-10
MicroBond HT ............................................................................................................................. 17-13
SUPER CBL ................................................................................................................................ 17-17

January 1996 17-1

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Notes:

17-2 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Section 17

Expansive Additives

Benefits of Expanding Cement

Expansive Additives
The primary benefit of expanding cement is better
bonding of cement to pipe and formation. A better
The two basic types of expansive additives are bond provides improved zonal isolation, reduces
postset crystalline growth and gas generation. water production, stops gas migration and produc-
Expansive additives have been developed to be tion, and helps protect casings from corrosive
compatible with almost all cement slurries at tem- brines. Expansive cements may also improve con-
peratures ranging from 40°F to 600°F. finement of stimulation treatments and reduce the
microannulus effect.
Crystalline Growth The cements and additives shown in Table 17-1 on
Page 17-5 provide a variety of expanding cement
Crystalline expansion is caused by crystals growing compositions that can be used to improve cement
within the cement after it has developed some com- bonding to pipe and formation.
pressive strength. This crystalline growth forces the
cement molecules apart and causes the cement to Salt-saturated cement slurries can present problems
expand. or mixing difficulties when used in combination
with CFR-2 and low fluid-loss additives. Salt satura-
The amount of expansion obtained from a crystal- tion can also affect the strength of cement.
line growth additive can vary depending on tem-
perature, the amount of additive, curing time, and An effective additive for increasing the expansion of
cement slurry composition. Because temperature high sulfate resistant (0% C3A) Class C cements is a
has a great affect on the crystaline expansion, dif- combination of 5% EA-2 and 3% aluminum sulfate,
ferent additives are required at different tempera- Al2(SO4)3. This composition should be mixed with
ture ranges. 8.8 gal (33.3 L) of water/sk for a slurry weight of
13.6 lb/gal (1.63 kg/L).

Gas Generation
Gas-generated expansion occurs before the cement
sets. Expansion is obtained when the additive pro-
duces microsize bubbles of gas. The liberation of
this gas produces an expansive force within the
unset cement. This expansion compensates for any
volume decrease caused by fluid loss or hydration
volume reduction. Gas-generated expansion also
increases the pressure of the cement against the pipe
and borehole. The amount of additive used depends
primarily on the hydrostatic pressure of the slurry
after placement. Temperature has very little effect
on gas expansion additives.

January 1996 17-3

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

EA-2
Description and Primary Function: EA-2 is an
expansive additive that provides postset expansion
in high C3A (tricalcium aluminate) cements. Ex-
panding cement provides improved bonding to
pipe and formation and reduces the chance of
developing a microannulus.

Secondary Effects: EA-2 can cause slurry gelation

and rapid initial set.

Safety and Handling Procedures: Avoid contact

with skin and eyes. Avoid creating and inhaling the
dust. Flush the exposed area with plenty of water.

Properties:

Additive: EA-2

Part No.: 890.50131

Specific Gravity: 2.70

Form: powder

Color: white

How Packaged: 100-lb sk

Bulk Density: 75 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: 0.5 gal/3% BWOC, 0.8 gal/6%

bwoc

Absolute Volume: 0.0444 gal/lb

Solubility in Water: @ 20°C, 0.3g/100 ml H20

Odor: none

Flash Point: none

Normal Range of Use in Wells:

Temperature: 60°F to 170°F (16°C to 77°C) BHST

Concentration: 3 to 5% BWOC

Special Information:

Effect on Slurry Properties:

1. increases viscosity and expansion

2. decreases density and thickening time

17-4 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Table 17-1: Expanding Cements

Curing Linear Expansion - (%)
Water Temp. Curing Pressure Curing Time - Days
gal/sk (L/sk) °F (°C) psi (mPa) 1 3 7 14 28
Standard Cement

5.2 (19.7) 80 (27) Atmos. 0.019 0.030 0.044 0.055 0.065

5.2 (19.7) 110 (43) Atmos. 0.010 0.022 0.030 0.034 0.042
Standard Cement + 18% Salt
5.2 (19.7) 100 (38) Atmos. 0.006 0.037 0.069 0.098 0.120
Standard Cement, Salt Saturated
5.2 (19.7) 80 (27) Atmos. 0.034 0.082 0.111 0.128 0.148
5.2 (19.7) 110 (43) Atmos. 0.049 0.078 0.094 0.113 0.137
Standard Cement + 5% EA-2 (Cal-Seal)
5.2 (19.7) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.221 0.242 0.267
5.4 (20.4) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.123 0.141 0.158
Standard Cement + 5% EA-2 + 18% Salt
5.4 (20.4) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.143 0.173 0.197
Standard Cement + 5% EA-2, Salt Saturated
5.4 (20.4) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.134 0.157 0.173
Standard Cement + 1.0% CFR-2 - Densified to 17.0 lb/gal (2.04 kg/L)
3.78 (14.31) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.050 0.072 0.088
Standard Cement + 0.9 gal LA-2/sk (3.4 L/sk)
5.2 (19.7) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.072 0.088 0.104
Premium Plus Cement (C 3 A = 0%)
7.6 (28.8) 80 (27) 1,000 (6.90) 0.013 0.017 0.021 0.027 0.027
Premium Plus Cement (C3 A = 0%) + 18% Salt
7.6 (28.8) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.031 0.037 0.041
Premium Plus Cement (C 3 A = 0%) + 4% Bentonite + 18% Salt + 0.75% CFR-2
10.3 (39.0) 80 (27) 1,000 (6.90) 0.010 0.019 0.030 0.033 0.038
Premium Plus Cement (C3 A = 0%), Salt Saturated
7.6 (28.8) 80 (27) Atmos. - - 0.024 0.030 0.035
Premium Plus Cement (C 3 A = 0%) + 5% EA-2
6.3 (23.8) 80 (27) 1,000 (6.90) 0.023 0.030 0.042 0.049 0.058

January 1996 17-5

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Table 17-1: Expanding Cements (cont.)

Curing Linear Expansion - (%)
Water Temp. Curing Pressure Curing Time - Days
gal/sk (L/sk) °F (°C) psi (mPa) 1 3 7 14 28
Premium Plus Cement (C 3 A = 0%) + 5% EA-2 + 3% Aluminum Sulfate
8.5 (32.2) 80 (27) 1,000 (6.90) 0.040 0.108 0.124 0.127 0.131
Premium (Fine) Cement
5.0 (18.9) 95 (35) 800 (5.51) 0.004 0.009 0.014 0.019 0.023
Premium Cement + 18% Salt
4.5 (17.0) 95 (35) 800 (5.51) 0.016 0.043 0.060 0.071 0.075
Premium Cement + 3% EA-2
5.0 (18.9) 95 (35) 800 (5.51) 0.021 0.043 0.052 0.060 0.063
Premium Cement + 6% EA-2
6.3 (23.8) 95 (35) 800 (5.51) 0.029 0.091 0.116 0.129 0.135
POZMIX® A Cement - 2% Bentonite
5.75 (21.8) 80 (27) Atmos. 0.028 00.048 0.067 0.084 0.102
5.75 (21.8) 110 (43) Atmos. 0.033 0.053 0.070 0.075 0.081
5.75 (21.8) 170 (77) 3,000 (20.69) - 0.002 0.035 0.043 0.047
POZMIX A - 2% Bentonite + 10% Salt
5.75 (21.8) 80 (27) Atmos. 0.012 0.029 0.054 0.070 0.092
POZMIX A - 2% Bentonite + 18% Salt
5.75 (21.8) 80 (27) Atmos. 0.015 0.035 0.056 0.074 0.098
POZMIX A - 2% Bentonite + Salt Saturated
5.75 (21.8) 80 (27) Atmos. 0.048 0.070 0.100 0.122 0.143
5.75 (21.8) 110 (43) Atmos. 0.030 0.072 0.106 0.128 0.137
5.75 (21.8) 170 (77) 3,000 (20.69) - 0.068 0.117 0.140 0.148
Halliburton Light Cement - with Premium Plus Cement (C 3 A + 0%)
10.6 (40.1) 80 (27) 1,000 (6.90) 0.014 0.031 0.036 0.042 0.053

17-6 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Activity: 100%
MicroBond
Normal Range of Use in Wells:

Description and Primary Function: MicroBond is Temperature: 60°F to 170°F (60°F to 130°F opti-
an expansive, low-temperature crystalline-growth mum) BHST
additive. It contains a blend of all the necessary Concentration: 5 to 15% BWOC
materials needed to provide low-temperature ex-
pansion. MicroBond can be used with all Portland Special Information:
cements independent of their C3A (tricalcium alu-
minate) content. MicroBond can provide more Effect on Slurry Properties:
expansion in lower strength cements, such as 50:50 1. accelerates setting and thickening time
POZMIX® blends. MicroBond can be used to pro-
vide expansion in bottomhole temperatures below 2. increases viscosity
170°F, and optimum performance is achieved below
130°F. Concentrations of 5 to 10% of this additive
are recommended for cooler temperatures, and 10 to
20% at the higher end of the temperature range. Salt
may improve the performance of MicroBond, but
laboratory research has shown that it will be benefi-
cial only at 115°F or lower. If high salt concentra-
tions are needed in a particular cementing
application, special formulations have been devel-
oped for slurries with salt concentrations up to
saturation.

Secondary Effects: MicroBond accelerates the set-

ting time and increases the viscosity of the slurry.

Interaction with Other Additives: Sodium citrate,

HALAD®-9 or HR® retarders can be used to re-
tard the set.

Safety and Handling Procedures: MicroBond can

cause slight irritation to eyes and skin and can be
irritating if inhaled. Use precautions normal to
working with dusting materials.

Properties:

Additive: MicroBond

Part No.: 516.00226

Specific Gravity: 3.20

Form: powder

Color: light pink

How Packaged: 50-lb sack

Bulk Density: 59.40 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: not determined

Solubility in Water: 40%

Odor: odorless

January 1996 17-7

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Table 17-2: MicroBond at 80°F

®
50-50 POZMIX A - Standard
Standard Cement
Cement, 2% Gel with Salt at
with Salt at 80°F
80°F
A B C D E F G H
Formulation (%bwc)
MicroBond 8.2 8.2 11.5 11.5 8.2 8.2 11.5 11.5
®
HALAD -4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Dispersant 0.51 0.51 0.6 0.6 0.51 0.51 0.6 0.6
Salt 2.14 2.14 3.0 3.0 2.14 2.14 3.0 3.0
Calcium Chloride 0 2.0 0 2.0 0 2.0 0 2.0
Water 50 50 51.6 51.6 61 61 62.6 62.6

Slurry Properties
Density (lb/gal) 15.5 15.6 15.5 15.6 14.19 14.21 14.21 14.25
3
Yield (ft /sk) 1.30 1.31 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.38 1.41 1.42
a
Initial Consistency (Bc) 10 6 7 7 2 2 2 2
15 Min Consistency (Bc) 20 17 22 13 6 5 5 6

Expansion (% Linear)b
1 Day 0.13 0.19 0.18 0.33 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.22
3 Day 0.16 0.31 0.24 0.44 0.33 0.47 0.78 0.90
28 Day 0.26 0.33 0.36 0.64 0.45 0.52 1.27 1.46

UCA Compressive
Strengths
Initial Set (hr:min) 4:09 7:26 8:33 8:02 8:14 8:00 8:04 8:01
24 Hour (psi) 2,100 1,800 1,800 1,600 300 380 420 270
3 Day (psi) 3,750 3,300 3,100 2,500 750 550 860 550
7 Day (psi) 4,640 4,130 4,400 3,700 1,750 1,020 1,900 1,110
a
Atmospheric Consistometer, 80°F
b
Water Bath, Unrestrained

17-8 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Table 17-3: MicroBond at 100 and 125°F

Premium Cement
at 100°F at 125°F
A B C D E
Formulation (%bwc)
MicroBond 10.8 10.8 6.5 10.8 10.8
®
HALAD -322 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
a
Salt 5.0 None None 5.0 None
Calcium Chloride 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Water 50 49 48 50 50

Slurry Properties
Density (lb/gal) 15.8 15.6 15.5 15.7 15.5
3
Yield (ft /sk) 1.33 1.31 1.20 1.33 1.30
b
Initial Consistency (Bc) 5 4 3 3 3
10 Min Consistency (Bc) 6 7 5 3 3
30 Min Consistency (Bc) 6 7 5 5 7

Expansion (% Linear), 100°F

1 Day 0.37 0.31 0.20 0.13 0.19
3 Day 0.39 0.71 0.25 ND ND
7 Day 0.41 1.33 0.27 0.14 0.23
a
10% bww
b
Atmospheric - 101°F

January 1996 17-9

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Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Concentration: 5% bwoc
MicroBond M Special Information:

Effect on Slurry Properties: slight acceleration of

Description and Primary Function: MicroBond M thickening time
is a postset crystalline-growth expansive additive
that provides good expansive properties at tem-
peratures ranging from 130°F to 210°F BHST. At
dosage levels of only 5%, MicroBond M will pro-
vide good expansive properties in virtually any
cement system. MicroBond M has been tested in
slurries containing 12% to 37% salt and has per-
formed well in temperatures between 170°F and
210°F. MicroBond M will yield good expansion in 3
days.

Secondary Effects: MicroBond M provides some

acceleration of slurry thickening time and cement
setting time.

Interaction with Other Additives: If MicroBlock or

Silicalite additive is in the slurry, more MicroBond
M will be required to obtain the same amount of
expansion. High concentrations of sodium chloride
will retard the expansion reaction and increase the
temperature range.

Safety and Handling Procedures: MicroBond M

dust may cause a mechanical irritation to the eyes.
Excessive inhalation above the PEL of mineral dust,
over long periods of time, may cause industrial
bronchitis, reduce breathing capacity, and lead to
increased susceptibility to other lung disease.

Properties:

Additive: MicroBond M

Part No.: 516.00513

Specific Gravity: 3.6

Form: powder

Color: tan to dark brown

How Packaged: 50-lb sack

Bulk Density: 65.0 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: not determined

Solubility in Water: @ 20°C, 0.0062g/100ml H20

Odor: odorless

Activity: 100%

Normal Range of Use in Wells:

Temperature: 130°F to 210°F BHST

17-10 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Table 17-4: MicroBond M Test Slurries

Slurry No. 1 Slurry No. 2 Slurry No. 3 Slurry No. 4 Slurry No. 5 Slurry No. 6
Component Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Premium Cement 100 100 100 100 100 100
SSA-1 0 35 0 0 0 35
Salt 0 0 12 18 Sat'd 34.8
MicroBond M 5 5 5 5 5 5
®
HALAD -322 0.5 0.5 0 — — —
HALAD-413 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
HALAD-24 — — — 0 0 0.5
®
HR -5 variable 0.2 0 0 0.2 0
CFR-3 — — — 0 0 0.2
Water 38.1 51.4 38.1 38.1 38.1 57.6

Table 17-5: MicroBond M Expansion Data

Curing Expansion
Slurry Temp 3 Day 7 Day 14 Day
No. (%) (%) (%) (%)
a
1 95 0.14 0.18 0.27
a
1 110 0.17 0.21 0.28
b
1 130 0.21 0.54 1.21
b
1 150 0.13 0.68 1.45
1 170 — 1.30 —
b
1 190 0.39 0.5 0.46
b
1 210 0.36 0.44 0.37
a
2 240 0.31 0.30 —
3 150 0.40 0.84 1.27
4 150 0.30 0.58 1.02
c
5 150 0.42 0.56 0.61
6 275 0.49 0.51 —
a
Actual measurements made after 4 days.
b
Actual measurements made after 15 days.
c
Actual measurements made after 2 days.

January 1996 17-11

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Table 17-6: Microbond M Thickening Time*

®
Temp HR -5 Thickening Time
(°F) (%) (Hr:Min)
95 0 7:03
110 0 5:43
120 0.1 6:04
130 0.2 6:21
*Slurry No. 1

Table 17-7: Microbond M Compressive Strength*

UCA Compressive Strength
Test Temp HR-5 Initial Time to Reach
(°F) (%) Set 500 psi 24 Hour 72 Hour
(Hr:Min) (Hr:Min) (psi) (psi)
95 0 7:29 10:37 2,500 4,200
110 0 6:00 8:33 2,850 4,300
130 0 5:14 6:52 2,866 4,125
150 0 4:38 5:55 2,772 3,925
200 0.1 5:21 6:16 3,175 3,559
210 0.2 3:18 4:01 3,550 3,890
a
240 0.2 2:14 3:11 3,250 3,975
*Slurry No. 1, Pressure - 3,000 psi
a
Slurry No. 2 used.

17-12 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Normal Range of Use in Wells:

MicroBond HT Temperature: 170°F to 400°F BHST (optimum at
temperatures greater than 210°F)
Description and Primary Function: MicroBond HT Concentration: 3 to 5% bwoc
provides expansion at temperatures above 170°F
BHST. Significant expansion can be realized in 7 to Special Information:
28 days at temperatures between 170°F and 210°F,
in 3 to 7 days at temperatures between 210°F and Effect on Slurry Properties: accelerates thickening
240°F, and in 3 days in temperatures over 240°F. time
MicroBond HT can provide 1 to 3% linear expan-
sion at concentrations of only 3 to 5% by weight of
cement. MicroBond HT is compatible with all ce-
ments and many cement additives.

Secondary Effects: MicroBond HT accelerates the

slurry thickening time.

Interaction with Other Additives: If MicroBlock or

Silicalite additive is in the slurry, more MicroBond
HT will be required to obtain the same amount of
expansion. High concentrations of sodium chloride
will retard the expansion reaction.

Safety and Handling Procedures: MicroBond HT

dust may cause a mechanical irritation to the eyes.
Excessive inhalation above the PEL of mineral dust,
over long periods of time, may cause industrial
bronchitis, reduce breathing capacity, and lead to
increased susceptibility to other lung disease.
MicroBond HT may aggravate asthma and inflam-
matory or fibrotic pulmonary disease.

Properties:

Additive: MicroBond HT

Part No.: 516.00446

Specific Gravity: 3.57

Form: powder

Color: tan

How Packaged: 50-lb sack

Bulk Density: 112.0 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: not determined

Solubility in Water: negligible

Odor: odorless

Activity: 100%

January 1996 17-13

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Table 17-8: Temperature Range for MicroBond HT Expansion at 3,000 psi*

a
Consistancy % Linear Expansion @ Curing Time
Retarders
% and Type
Initial 20 Min °F 3 Day 7 Day 14 Day 28 Day °Fb
®
0.1% HR -5 10 13 129 nil nil 1.43 2.15 170
c
0.4% HR-5 11 12 139 0.05 0.35 2.88 dis 190
c
0.4% HR-5 10 13 158 0.16 2.47 dis — 210
c
0.3% HR-5 10 13 163 2.69 dis — — 240
c
0.4% HR-5 10 12 180 2.14 dis — — 275
c
1.0% HR-12 10 14 190 2.53 dis — — 300
1.0% HR-12 with
c
0.4%Component R 10 13 190 2.35 dis — — 350
®
*Premium cement, 40% SSA-2, 0.6% HALAD -322, 4.4% MicroBond HT, Retarder as shown,
38% water
a
Halliburton Atmospheric Consistometer
b
Increase to test temperature in 4 hours after placing in pressure autoclave.
c
dis - discontinued

Table 17-9: MicroBond HT Expansion at 3,000 psi *

Retarders % Linear Expansion @ Curing Time
% and Type 3 Day 7 Day 14 Day 28 Day °F
0.1% HR-5 nil nil 1.43 2.15 170
a
0.4% HR-5 0.05 0.35 2.88 dis 190
a
0.4% HR-5 0.16 2.47 dis — 210
a
0.3% HR-5 2.69 dis — — 240
a
0.4% HR-5 2.14 dis — — 275
a
1.0% HR-12 2.53 dis — — 300
1.0% HR-12 with
a
0.4%Component R 2.35 dis — — 350
*Premium cement, 40% SSA-2, 0.6% HALAD-322, 4.4% MicroBond HT, Retarder as shown,
38% water
a
dis = discontinued

17-14 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Table 17-10: MicroBond HT Dosage vs Expansion

at 275°F and 3,000 psi
MicroBond Consistency 3 Day
®
HT HR -5 Water Bc @ 180°F Expansion
(%) (%) (%) Initial 20 Min (%)
®
Premium cement, 40% SSA-2, 10% SSA-1, 0.6% HALAD -322
2.0 0.4 37.0 9 10 0.14
3.0 0.4 37.5 8 9 1.73
2.7 0.4 42.1 10 10 0.28
3.6 0.4 41.4 8 12 1.18
4.4 0.4 41.8 13 11 2.96
5.3 0.4 41.0 12 13 4.49
Premium cement, 40% SSA-2, 0.6% HALAD-322, 4.4% MicroBond HT
2.0 0.5 37.0 8 8 0.14
3.0 0.5 37.5 11 8 1.73
3.5 0.5 38.0 8 9 1.34
4.4 0.4 38.0 10 12 2.14

Table 17-11: MicroBond HT Compressive Strengths - UCA Test Results*

Static Curing Time to Reach Strength
Retarders Initial Set
Temperature 1,000 psi at 72 Hours
% bwc, Type (Hr:Min)
(°F) (Hr:Min) (psi)
a
170 (129) 0.1% HR-5 5:20 7:00 3,600
190 (139) 0.2% HR-5 7:57 9:20 3,400
210 (163) 0.3% HR-5 3:23 4:30 3,200
275 (190) 0.4% HR-5 1:10 2:00 1,600
0.7% HR-12,
300 (190) 0.4% Component R 2:00 4:15 4,300
1.2% HR-12,
350 (190) 0.8% Component R 9:30 13:50 5,100

*Premium cement, 25% SSA-2, 0.6% Halad-322, 4.0% MicroBond HT, 41.6% Water
a
Equivalent cirulating temperatures for static temperatures are shown in parentheses. Slurries
were preconditioned (20 minutes) and UCA tests were started at these temperatures and
brought to static temperature in 4 hours.

January 1996 17-15

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Table 17-12: Influence of MicroBond HT on Thickening Time*

Thickening Time
Microbond HT Retarders Water BHCT a
to 70 Bc
(%) % and Type (%) (°F)
(Hr:Min)
®
None 0.25% HR -5 40 190 4:00
None 0.30% HR-5 40 190 6:00
4.0 0.25% HR-5 41.6 190 3:40
4.0 0.30% HR-5 41.6 190 4:55
1.0% HR-12,
None 0.5% Component R 40 308 8:00+
0.75% HR-12,
None 0.4% Component R 40 308 5:25
0.5% HR-12,
None 0.4% Component R 40 308 1:09
0.7% HR-12,
4.0 0.7% Component R 41.6 308 4:00
1.0% HR-12,
4.0 0.5% Component R 41.6 308 1:49
®
*Premium cement, 25% SSA-2, 0.6% HALAD -322, MicroBond HT, Retarders, Water
a
HP-HT Consistometer

17-16 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

Normal Range of Use in Wells:

SUPER CBL
Temperature: 60°F to 400°F (16°C to 204°C) BHST

Concentration: 0.15 to 0.6%

Description and Primary Function: SUPER CBL is
used to help prevent gas migration in wells with Special Information:
low to severe gas flow potentials. It liberates a gas
on reacting with the cement slurry and increases Usage Restrictions: Do not use SUPER CBL in a
the compressibility of the slurry. It is also used to slurry than contains more than 18% salt.
improve the bond of cement to pipe and formation
Effect on Slurry Properties:
by causing the cement to expand before it sets.
1. accelerates
Secondary Effects: SUPER CBL can accelerate the
slurry and can cause gelation during thickening. 2. can cause some gelation

Safety and Handling Procedures: SUPER CBL

liberates a highly flammable gas. Use only in well-
ventilated areas. “No Smoking” policies must be
strictly enforced. Storing slurry samples containing
SUPER CBL is very dangerous if they are kept in a
confined vessel. The resulting pressure buildup
can cause the container to explode. If a SUPER
CBL slurry is circulated back to surface, it should
be disposed of in an open pit as far from working
areas as possible. When drilling out SUPER CBL
cement, it is recommended that the drilling fluid
pass through a gas separator equipped with a
flame arrestor before going to a shale shaker if the
blooey line is equipped with a pilot or ignition
plug. If no flame arrestor is used, extinguish the
pilot or completely bypass the gas separator.

Properties:

Additive: SUPER CBL

Part No.: 516.00223

Specific Gravity: 2.6

Form: powder

Color: gray metallic

How Packaged: 50-lb drums

Bulk Density: 56.9 lb/cu ft

Water Requirement: none

Absolute Volume: 0.0462 gal/lb

Solubility in Water: @ 20°C, insoluble

Odor: slight

Activity: 97%

January 1996 17-17

 Section 17
Expansive Additives
Cementing Technology Manual

Table 17-13: SUPER CBL Expansion Data

Percent Volume Expansiona for lb SUPER CBL/sk
b 1 1 3 1 5 3
Ft /8 lb /4 lb /8 lb /2 lb /8 lb /4 lb
2,000 0.92 1.8 2.7 3.7 4.6 5.5
4,000 0.58 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.5
6,000 0.42 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.5
8,000 0.33 0.67 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.0
10,000 0.26 0.52 0.78 1.0 1.3 1.6
12,000 0.21 0.42 0.63 0.84 1.1 1.3
14,000 0.18 0.35 0.53 0.71 0.88 1.1
16,000 0.16 0.33 0.49 0.65 0.81 0.98
18,000 0.16 0.31 0.47 0.62 0.78 0.93
20,000 0.15 0.29 0.44 0.58 0.72 0.87
Divide values by actual slurry yield. Values shown are for constant pressure
and temperature without volume loss from fluid loss of chemical hydration.
a 1
Based on /3 of the total reaction during plastic state.
b
API casing conditions for 1.5°/100 ft gradient.

17-18 January 1996

 Section 17
Cementing Technology Manual Expansive Additives

January 1996 17-19