Binary File Programs:-

# Menu-Driven Program for List Operations on a Binary File (Movie Collection)

Python Code:
import pickle

import os

import shutil # For backup/restore feature

def initialize_movie_file(file_name):

"""Create the binary file with sample movie data if it doesn't exist."""

if not os.path.exists(file_name):

sample_movies = [

{'title': 'Inception', 'director': 'Christopher Nolan', 'year': 2010},

{'title': 'The Godfather', 'director': 'Francis Ford Coppola', 'year': 1972},

{'title': 'The Dark Knight', 'director': 'Christopher Nolan', 'year': 2008}

with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(sample_movies, f)

print(f"Binary file '{file_name}' created with initial movie data.")

def save_to_binary(file_name, movie_list):

"""Save the movie collection to a binary file."""

with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(movie_list, f)

print("Movie collection successfully saved to file.")

def load_from_binary(file_name):

"""Load the movie collection from a binary file."""

if not os.path.exists(file_name):
 print(f"File '{file_name}' not found. Starting with an empty collection.")

return []

try:

with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:

return pickle.load(f)

except EOFError:

return []

def show_movies(movies):

"""Display all movies in the collection."""

if not movies:

print("The movie collection is currently empty.")

else:

print("\nCurrent Movie Collection:")

for idx, movie in enumerate(movies, start=1):

print(f"{idx}. {movie['title']} (Director: {movie['director']}, Year: {movie['year']})")

def find_movie(movies, movie_title):

"""Find a movie by title and show its position in the collection."""

for idx, movie in enumerate(movies):

if movie['title'].lower() == movie_title.lower():

print(f"Movie '{movie_title}' is at position {idx + 1}.")

return

print(f"Movie '{movie_title}' not found in the collection.")

def modify_movie(movies, pos, new_info):

"""Modify a movie's details."""

if 0 <= pos < len(movies):

movies[pos] = new_info
 print(f"Movie updated to: {new_info['title']} (Director: {new_info['director']}, Year: {new_info['year']})")

else:

print("Invalid movie position.")

def remove_movie(movies, pos):

"""Remove a movie from the collection."""

if 0 <= pos < len(movies):

removed_movie = movies.pop(pos)

print(f"Movie '{removed_movie['title']}' has been removed.")

else:

print("Invalid movie position.")

def sort_movies(movies, key):

"""Sort movies by the given key (title, director, or year)."""

if not movies:

print("No movies to sort.")

return movies

sorted_movies = sorted(movies, key=lambda x: x[key].lower() if isinstance(x[key], str) else x[key])

print(f"Movies sorted by {key}.")

return sorted_movies

def count_movies(movies):

"""Display the total number of movies in the collection."""

print(f"Total number of movies: {len(movies)}")

def clear_collection(movies, file_name):

"""Clear the entire movie collection (with confirmation)."""

confirm = input("Are you sure you want to clear the entire collection? (yes/no): ").strip().lower()

if confirm == 'yes':
 movies.clear()

save_to_binary(file_name, movies)

print("Movie collection cleared.")

else:

print("Operation canceled.")

def backup_collection(file_name, backup_file):

"""Backup the movie collection to another file."""

try:

shutil.copy(file_name, backup_file)

print(f"Backup created: {backup_file}")

except FileNotFoundError:

print("Original file not found. Backup failed.")

def restore_collection(file_name, backup_file):

"""Restore the movie collection from the backup file."""

try:

shutil.copy(backup_file, file_name)

print(f"Collection restored from backup: {backup_file}")

except FileNotFoundError:

print("Backup file not found. Restore failed.")

def movie_menu():

file_name = 'movie_collection.bin'

backup_file = 'movie_collection_backup.bin' # For backup and restore feature

initialize_movie_file(file_name) # Initialize file with sample data if it doesn't exist

movies = load_from_binary(file_name)

while True:
print("\nMovie Collection Menu:")

print("1. Add a movie")

print("2. View all movies")

print("3. Remove a movie")

print("4. Search for a movie")

print("5. Edit a movie")

print("6. Sort movies")

print("7. Count movies")

print("8. Clear movie collection")

print("9. Backup collection")

print("10. Restore collection from backup")

print("11. Exit")

choice = input("Select an option: ")

if choice == '1':

title = input("Movie Title: ")

director = input("Director: ")

year = input("Year: ")

movies.append({'title': title, 'director': director, 'year': year})

save_to_binary(file_name, movies)

elif choice == '2':

show_movies(movies)

elif choice == '3':

show_movies(movies)

try:

pos = int(input("Movie number to delete: ")) - 1

remove_movie(movies, pos)

save_to_binary(file_name, movies)

except ValueError:
 print("Invalid input.")

elif choice == '4':

title = input("Enter movie title to search: ")

find_movie(movies, title)

elif choice == '5':

show_movies(movies)

try:

pos = int(input("Movie number to edit: ")) - 1

new_title = input("New Movie Title: ")

new_director = input("New Director: ")

new_year = input("New Year: ")

modify_movie(movies, pos, {'title': new_title, 'director': new_director, 'year': new_year})

save_to_binary(file_name, movies)

except ValueError:

print("Invalid input.")

elif choice == '6':

key = input("Sort by (title/director/year): ").strip().lower()

if key in ['title', 'director', 'year']:

movies = sort_movies(movies, key)

show_movies(movies)

save_to_binary(file_name, movies)

else:

print("Invalid sort key.")

elif choice == '7':

count_movies(movies)

elif choice == '8':

clear_collection(movies, file_name)

elif choice == '9':

backup_collection(file_name, backup_file)
 elif choice == '10':

restore_collection(file_name, backup_file)

elif choice == '11':

print("Exiting the program.")

break

else:

print("Invalid choice.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

movie_menu()
Output:
# Menu-Driven Program for List Operations on a Binary File (Student
Data)

Python Code:
import pickle

import os

def initialize_student_file(file_name):

"""Create the binary file with sample student data if it doesn't exist."""

if not os.path.exists(file_name):

sample_students = {

"001": {"name": "John", "age": 18, "grade": "A"},

"002": {"name": "Sarah", "age": 19, "grade": "B"}

with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(sample_students, f)

print(f"Binary file '{file_name}' created with sample student data.")

def save_students(file_name, students):

"""Save the student dictionary to a binary file."""

with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(students, f)

print("Student records saved successfully.")

def load_students(file_name):

"""Load the student dictionary from a binary file."""

if not os.path.exists(file_name):

print(f"File '{file_name}' not found. Starting with an empty student collection.")

return {}

try:
 with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:

return pickle.load(f)

except EOFError:

return {}

def show_students(students):

"""Display all student records."""

if not students:

print("No students available.")

else:

print("\nCurrent Student List:")

for student_id, details in students.items():

print(f"ID: {student_id} | Name: {details['name']} | Age: {details['age']} | Grade: {details['grade']}")

def delete_student(students, student_id):

"""Remove a student from the collection."""

if student_id in students:

del students[student_id]

print(f"Student with ID '{student_id}' deleted.")

else:

print(f"Student ID '{student_id}' not found.")

def student_menu():

file_name = 'students.bin'

initialize_student_file(file_name)

students = load_students(file_name)

while True:

print("\nStudent Management Menu:")

print("2. View All Students")

print("3. Delete Student")

print("4. Exit")

choice = input("Select an option: ")

if choice == '1':

student_id = input("Enter Student ID: ")

name = input("Enter Student Name: ")

age = input("Enter Student Age: ")

grade = input("Enter Student Grade: ")

students[student_id] = {'name': name, 'age': age, 'grade': grade}

save_students(file_name, students)

print(f"Student '{student_id}' has been added/updated.")

elif choice == '2':

show_students(students)

elif choice == '3':

student_id = input("Enter Student ID to delete: ")

delete_student(students, student_id)

save_students(file_name, students)

elif choice == '4':

print("Exiting the program.")

break

else:

print("Invalid option. Please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

student_menu()
Output:
C.S.V File Programs:

# C. S.V file program Menu Driven complete program (Library Collection)

Python Code:
import csv

import os

def initialize_csv_file(filename):

"""Initialize the CSV file with sample book data if it doesn't exist."""

if not os.path.exists(filename):

with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)

# Writing the header and some sample data

writer.writerow(["Book ID", "Title", "Author", "Year"])

writer.writerow(["101", "The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "1925"])

writer.writerow(["102", "1984", "George Orwell", "1949"])

print(f"CSV file '{filename}' created with sample data.")

def display_books(filename):

"""Display all records in the CSV file."""

if not os.path.exists(filename):

print("File not found.")

return

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

print("\nLibrary Collection:")

for row in reader:

print(", ".join(row))
def add_book(filename):

"""Add a new book record to the CSV file."""

book_id = input("Enter Book ID: ")

title = input("Enter Book Title: ")

author = input("Enter Author: ")

year = input("Enter Publication Year: ")

with open(filename, 'a', newline='') as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)

writer.writerow([book_id, title, author, year])

print("Book added successfully.")

def search_book(filename):

"""Search for a book by Book ID."""

book_id_to_search = input("Enter Book ID to search: ")

found = False

if not os.path.exists(filename):

print("File not found.")

return

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

for row in reader:

if row[0] == book_id_to_search:

print("Book found: ", ", ".join(row))

found = True

break
 if not found:

print(f"Book with ID '{book_id_to_search}' not found.")

def library_menu():

filename = 'library.csv'

initialize_csv_file(filename)

while True:

print("\nLibrary Management Menu:")

print("1. Display all books")

print("2. Add a book")

print("3. Search for a book")

print("4. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

if choice == '1':

display_books(filename)

elif choice == '2':

add_book(filename)

elif choice == '3':

search_book(filename)

elif choice == '4':

print("Exiting the program.")

break

else:

print("Invalid option, please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

library_menu()
Output: