FIRST AID GUIDE
How to deal with accidents
and emergencies
Phone Numbers Keep calm and look for any dangers to yourself
EMERGENCY SERVICE
or the injured person.
DOCTOR Find out what happened and how.
HOSPITAL How many casualties are there?
DENTIST
Is there anyone around who can help you?
OTHER
Do you need an ambulance?
ADULT
RESUSCITATION
Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3
Check if the patient is responsive - “Hello, If the person is not breathing normally Open airway: tilt the head back and give two
hello, can you hear me”. If there is no give 30 chest compressions by placing breaths by pinching the nose and covering
response, shout for help “Help! Can someone your hands at the centre of the chest the patient’s mouth with your mouth. Blow
bring an AED”. Open the Airway - are they and pushing down to a depth of 5 cm. until the chest rises. Continue cycles of 30
breathing normally? (If breathing normally, compressions and 2 breaths until help arrives.
call an ambulance and put them in the recovery
position). Call 999 (or 112) for an ambulance.
CHOKING
Adult and child over one year
Fig 1 Fig 2
Ask: “Are you choking?” If they can cough or breathe
encourage them to cough to remove the object.
If they cannot cough give up to five back blows between
the choulder blades with the heel of your hand. (Fig. 1)
If the object is not dislodged give up to five abdominal
thrusts. Place a clenched fist above the navel and pull
inwards and upwards. (Fig. 2)
Continue this cycle of five back blows and five abdominal
thrusts until help arrives.
If the person goes unconscious dial 999 (or 112) for
an ambulance and then follow CPR protocols.
Anyone who has been treated for choking in this way should
be advised to see their doctor after the incident.
CHOKING (Infant) Fig 1
Age less than one year
If an infant is unable to breathe, cough or cry, and you suspect they have
a severe obstruction in their throat: Give up to five back blows between
the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
If the obstruction is still present give up to five chest thrusts, with two
fingers in the middle of the chest.
Continue this cycle of five back blows and five chest thrusts until
help arrives.
Fig 2
If the person goes unconscious dial 999 (or 112) for an ambulance
and then follow CPR protocols.
The parents of the baby should be advised to have the baby seen by
a doctor.
HEART
ATTACK
A heart attack is one of the most common life-threatening heart conditions.
Signs and symptoms are as follows:
Dull or crushing pressure.
Chest pain located at the centre of the chest which
could radiate to the neck and arms.
Pale and sweaty.
Shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting.
If you suspect someone is having a heart attack this is what you should do:
Sit patient down in a comfortable position.
Call for an ambulance immediately, even if you are not sure it is a
heart attack.
Be prepared to resuscitate.
BURNS &
SCALDS 12
11 1
10 2
9 3
8 4
Burns and scalds are among the most common injuries 7 5
requiring emergency treatment. 6
Cool the burn as quickly as possible by placing the affected area
under cold running water for at least ten minutes.
Raise the limb to reduce swelling.
Cover the injury using a clean pad or cling film, and seek medical advice.
Dial 999 (or 112) in severe cases.
SEVERE
BLEEDING
Blood loss can be serious and should be treated as quickly as possible.
Your main aim is to stem the flow of blood. If you have disposable
gloves available, use them. It is important to reduce the risk of
cross-infection at all times.
Check whether there is an object embedded in the wound.
If there is nothing embedded press on the wound with your
hand, ideally over a clean pad and secure with a bandage.
Raise the wound above the level of the heart.
If you suspect there is something embedded take care not to press
on the object. Instead, press firmly on either side of the object and
build up padding around it before bandaging to avoid putting
pressure on the object itself.
Get the person to hospital as soon as possible.
NOSE
BLEED
Ensure the person is sitting down.
Advise them to tilt their head forwards to allow the blood to
drain from the nostrils.
Ask the person to pinch the end of their nose.
After ten minutes, release the pressure.
If the bleeding has not stopped reapply the pressure for up to two
further periods of ten minutes.
If bleeding continues seek medical advice.
RECOVERY If an adult or child is unconscious but breathing normally place them
POSITION on their side in the recovery position as shown.
Make sure the airway remains open by tilting the head back and
lifting the chin, and check breathing.
Monitor the person’s condition until help arrives.
RECOVERY
POSITION
(Infant)
If an infant aged less than one year is unconscious,
but breathing, hold them on their side, head tilted-
as if you were giving them a cuddle - with their head
lower than their tummy.
For more first aid/tactical medical guide,
please visit:www.tacticalmedicalkit.com
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