Introduction to Robotics
What is Robotics?
Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that combines mechanical engineering,
electrical engineering, and computer science to design, build, and operate robots.
Importance of Robotics
• Automates repetitive and dangerous tasks.
• Enhances efficiency in industries like manufacturing and healthcare.
• Plays a key role in AI, automation, and space exploration.
Types of Robots
1. Industrial Robots – Used in manufacturing (e.g., robotic arms).
2. Autonomous Robots – Operate without human intervention (e.g., self-
driving cars).
3. Humanoid Robots – Designed to resemble humans (e.g., ASIMO, Sophia).
4. Medical Robots – Assist in surgeries and patient care.
5. Military & Space Robots – Used in defense and space missions (e.g.,
Mars rovers).
Components of a Robot
Main Components of a Robot
1. Mechanical Structure – The physical framework (e.g., wheels, arms,
sensors).
2. Actuators – Motors and servos that enable movement.
3. Sensors – Devices that allow the robot to perceive its environment
(e.g., cameras, infrared sensors).
4. Power Supply – Provides energy (batteries, solar panels).
5. Control System – The brain of the robot, often a microcontroller or
computer.
Types of Sensors in Robotics
• Proximity Sensors – Detect objects without touching them.
• Ultrasonic Sensors – Measure distance using sound waves.
• Infrared Sensors – Used for obstacle detection and motion tracking.
• Cameras & LIDAR – Used in vision-based robots (e.g., self-driving
cars).
Actuators in Robotics
• DC & Servo Motors – Control movement.
• Hydraulic & Pneumatic Actuators – Used in heavy-duty robots.
Programming & AI in Robotics
Programming Languages for Robotics
• Python: Used for AI and machine learning integration.
• C/C++: Used for hardware control and real-time performance.
• ROS (Robot Operating System): A framework for developing robotic
applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Robotics
AI enables robots to learn, adapt, and make decisions. Common AI applications
include:
• Computer Vision – Helps robots recognize objects and navigate.
• Machine Learning – Allows robots to improve over time.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) – Enables robots to understand human
language (e.g., voice assistants).
Autonomous Robots & AI
• Self-Driving Cars: Use AI, LIDAR, and neural networks to navigate.
• Drones: Use GPS and sensors for automated flight.
Page 4: Robotics Applications & Challenges
Industries Using Robotics
1. Manufacturing: Automated assembly lines (e.g., Tesla, Toyota).
2. Healthcare: Robotic surgery (e.g., Da Vinci Surgical Robot).
3. Agriculture: Automated tractors and harvesting robots.
4. Military & Defense: Surveillance and bomb disposal robots.
5. Space Exploration: Mars rovers and robotic arms on the ISS.
Challenges in Robotics
• Complexity & Cost: Building robots is expensive and requires expertise.
• Energy Efficiency: Robots need better battery technology.
• Human-Robot Interaction: Ensuring robots work safely with humans.
• AI Ethics & Job Displacement: Automation may replace human workers.
Page 5: Future of Robotics & Getting Started
Emerging Trends in Robotics
• Soft Robotics: Robots made from flexible materials for safer
interactions.
• Swarm Robotics: Multiple robots working together like ants or bees.
• Bionics & Prosthetics: AI-powered limbs enhancing human capabilities.
• Quantum Robotics: Combining quantum computing with robotics for
advanced decision-making.
How to Get Started in Robotics?
1. Learn Electronics & Programming (Python, C++).
2. Experiment with Microcontrollers (Arduino, Raspberry Pi).
3. Study Robotics Frameworks (ROS, OpenCV for vision).
4. Build Simple Robots (Line-following robot, robotic arm).
5. Join Robotics Competitions (RoboCup, FIRST Robotics).
