SHREEYASH PRATISHTHAN’S

SHREEYASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(POLYTECHNIC), CHH. SAMBHAJINAGAR

MICRO-PROJECT REPORT

NAME OF DEPARTMENT:- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & MACHINE LEARNING

ACADEMIC YEAR:- 2024-2025
SEMESTER:- THIRD
COURSE NAME:- DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
COURSE CODE:- 31330
MICRO-PROJECT TITLE:- De-Morgans Law
PREPARED BY:-
1) MOHAMMAD SHAFEY KHAN EN. NO. 23511510046
2) SAYYED ZAID ALI EN. NO. 23511510011
3) ZARBAKHSH KHAN EN. NO. 23511510015
4) AFAAN SATTAR KAZI EN. NO. 23511510019

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:- Prof. Khan S.S

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr Mohammad Shafey Khan
of Third Semester of Diploma in Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
of Institute Shreeyash College of Engineering & Technology
has successfully completed Micro-Project Work in Course of Digital Techniques
for the academic year 2024-25 as prescribed in the K-Scheme Curriculum.

Date:-___________ Enrollment No:- 23511510046

Place:- Aurangabad Exam Seat No.:- 431489

Signature Signature Signature

Guide HOD Principal

Seal of Institute
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our profound gratitude to our guide
Prof. Khan S.S. who guided us endlessly in framing and completion of Micro-
Project. She guided us on all the main points in that Micro-Project. We are
indebted to her constant encouragement, cooperation and help. It was her
enthusiastic support that helped us in overcoming of various obstacles in the
Micro-Project.
We are also thankful to our Principal, HOD, Faculty Members
and classmates for extending their support and motivation in the completion of
this Micro-Project.

1) MOHAMMAD SHAFEY KHAN EN. NO. 23511510046

2) SAYYED ZAID ALI EN. NO. 23511510011
3) ZARBAKHSH KHAN EN. NO. 23511510015
4) AFAAN SATTAR KAZI EN. NO. 23511510019
 Annexure-1
Micro-Project Proposal
(Format or Micro-Project Proposal about1-2pages)

Title of Micro-Project:- De-Morgans Law

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project (minimum30-50words)

 To understand and apply De Morgan's Laws in simplifying Boolean expressions.

 To demonstrate their utility in optimizing digital circuits for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
 To enhance practical understanding of logic gates through circuit simulation and analysis.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

a) Understand Boolean algebra principles and their applications in digital logic.

b) Analyze and simplify logic expressions using De Morgan’s Laws.
c) Design and simulate digital circuits implementing optimized logic.
d) Develop problem-solving skills in digital logic simplification.
e) Apply theoretical concepts to practical digital techniques.

Proposed Methodology (Procedure in brief that will be followed to do the micro- project)
in about 100 to 200 words).

The methodology for the micro-project on De Morgan's Laws in digital techniques involves the following
steps:
1. Understanding the Theory
o Study De Morgan’s Laws and their role in Boolean algebra and logic circuit design.
o Understand the mathematical representations:
 A⋅B‾=A‾+B‾\overline{A \cdot B} = \overline{A} + \overline{B}A⋅B=A+B
 A+B‾=A‾⋅B‾\overline{A + B} = \overline{A} \cdot \overline{B}A+B=A⋅B.

2. Boolean Expression Analysis

o Select complex Boolean expressions typically used in digital circuits.
o Apply De Morgan’s Laws to simplify these expressions, reducing the number of logic
operations.
3. Circuit Design and Optimization
o Design digital circuits based on the original and simplified Boolean expressions.
o Utilize basic logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) to create circuit layouts.
4. Simulation and Testing
o Use simulation tools like Logisim or Multisim to implement and test the circuits.
o Compare the performance of the original and optimized circuits, analyzing factors like
gate count, speed, and efficiency.
5. Documentation and Presentation
o Document the process, observations, and conclusions.
o Prepare a report highlighting the practical applications of De Morgan’s Laws in digital
circuit design.
This methodology ensures a comprehensive understanding and practical application of De Morgan's
Laws in optimizing digital systems.

Annexure-1

3.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity. The following is for Reference, The
Activities can be Added / reduced / Modified )

Name of
Sr. Planned Planned Responsible
Details of activity
No. Week Start Finish Team Members
date date
1 1 &2 Discussion & Finalization of
Topic
2 3 Preparation of the Abstract
3 4 Literature Review
4 5 Submission of Microproject
Proposal ( Annexure-I)
5 6 Collection of information about
Topic
6 7 Collection of relevant content /
materials for the execution of
Microproject.
7 8 Discussion and submission of
outline of the Microproject.
8 9 Analysis / execution of
Collected data / information and
preparation of Prototypes /
drawings / photos / charts /
graphs / tables / circuits / Models
/ programs etc.
9 10 Completion of Contents of
Project Report
10 11 Completion of Weekly progress
Report
11 12 Completion of Project Report (
Annexure-II)
12 13 Viva voce / Delivery of
Presentation

4.0 Resources Required (major resources such asraw material, some machining facility,
software etc.)

Sr. Name of Resources / Materials Specification Qty Remarks

No.
1
2
3
 Annexure-II

Micro-Project Report

Title of Micro-Project:- De Morgans Law

1.0 Rationale (Importance of the project, in about 30 to 50words.This is a modified version of

the earlier one written after the work)

This project highlights the practical importance of De Morgan's Laws in digital techniques. By simplifying
Boolean expressions and optimizing logic circuits, the project demonstrates how these laws reduce circuit
complexity, improve efficiency, and minimize resource usage in real-world digital systems.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:- (In about 50 to 150 words)

The primary aim of this micro-project is to explore the practical application of De Morgan's Laws in simplifying
Boolean expressions and optimizing digital circuits. By applying these laws, the project demonstrates how circuit
complexity can be reduced, leading to better performance, lower power consumption, and cost-effective designs.

The project provides students with hands-on experience in Boolean algebra, logic gate manipulation, and
digital circuit design. It enhances problem-solving skills and introduces practical tools for analyzing and
simulating circuits. Additionally, the project fosters teamwork, critical thinking, and technical proficiency in
digital techniques, preparing students for real-world challenges in electronics and computer engineering.

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list if more Cos are addressed)

a) Understanding Boolean Algebra: Demonstrated the ability to simplify complex Boolean expressions using
De Morgan’s Laws.
b) Circuit Design Proficiency: Applied theoretical concepts to design and optimize logic circuits.
c) Practical Problem Solving: Gained experience in reducing circuit complexity while maintaining
functionality.
d) Use of Simulation Tools: Acquired skills in using tools like Logisim or Multisim for circuit design and
testing.
e) Teamwork and Communication: Collaborated effectively to achieve project goals and documented the
results comprehensively.
4.0 Actual Methodology Followed (Write step wise work done, data collected and its analysis
(if any).The contribution of individual member may also be noted.)

1. Initial Research
o Studied De Morgan's Laws and their applications in digital circuits.
o Understood the theoretical foundation of Boolean algebra.
2. Boolean Expression Selection
o Identified complex Boolean expressions typically used in digital logic design.
o Defined specific expressions to simplify using De Morgan’s Laws.
3. Expression Simplification
o Applied De Morgan’s Laws to simplify the selected expressions.
o Verified the accuracy of simplifications through manual calculations and truth
tables.
4. Circuit Design
o Designed logic circuits for both original and simplified expressions using basic
gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR).
o Drew circuit diagrams to represent the designs.
5. Simulation and Testing
o Simulated the original and simplified circuits using Logisim to verify
functionality.
o Compared the number of gates, power consumption, and efficiency between the
circuits.
6. Documentation and Reporting
o Recorded observations, results, and analysis.
o Collaborated on preparing the micro-project report to present the findings.
Team Member Contributions
 Shafey: Led the research and analysis of Boolean expressions and their simplification.
 Zarbakhsh: Focused on circuit design and testing using simulation tools.
 Zaid: Managed data collection, organized results, and contributed to documentation.
 Affan: Assisted in ensuring the accuracy of truth tables and supported the circuit testing
process.

5.0 Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used).

sr.
Name of Specifications Qty Remarks
No.
Resource/material
Textbook on Digital 1
1 Theory and Used for reference
Techniques
practice of and study
Boolean algebra

2 Logisim Digital circuit simulation 1 For designing and

Software tool testing circuits

Computer/Laptop 8GB RAM, 4 For running

3
Windows/Linux OS simulations and
documentation
6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

7.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this Micro-Project

Understanding of Boolean Algebra
Gained in-depth knowledge of Boolean algebra and the practical application of De Morgan's Laws in simplifying
logical expressions.

Circuit Design Proficiency

Enhanced skills in designing and analyzing logic circuits, focusing on reducing complexity while maintaining
functionality.

Proficiency in Simulation Tools

Learned to use Logisim for simulating digital circuits, verifying their accuracy, and troubleshooting errors.

Problem-Solving and Logical Thinking

Improved ability to approach complex problems systematically and derive optimized solutions using theoretical
principles.

Collaboration and Teamwork

Developed interpersonal skills through effective collaboration with team members to achieve project objectives.

Technical Documentation
Enhanced ability to document project findings, including methodology, analysis, and outcomes, in a structured
and professional manner.

Application of De Morgan’s Laws

Practiced the application of De Morgan’s Laws in real-world scenarios, observing their impact on digital circuit
design and efficiency.

Analytical Skills
Strengthened analytical skills by comparing the efficiency of original and simplified circuits in terms of gate
count and performance.
 Project Management
Improved time management and planning skills by adhering to deadlines for each project milestone.

Adaptability
Learned to adapt and overcome challenges during the project, such as debugging circuit errors and validating
results.

8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project:- (In about 30 to 50 words)

This micro-project demonstrates the application of De Morgan’s Laws in digital circuit design, offering a
practical approach to simplifying logical expressions and optimizing circuit efficiency. It is valuable in
fields such as computer engineering, embedded systems, digital electronics, and the design of logic gates
for various applications.
 Annexure-IV
MICRO-PROJECT EVOLUTION SHEET

Name of Student:- Mohammad Shafey Khan En. No. 23511510046

Name of Program:- Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Semester:- Third
Course Name:- Digital Techniques Course Code:- 31330
Title of The Micro-Project:- De Morgans Law
Course Outcomes Achieved:-

a) Understanding Boolean Algebra

 Gained a comprehensive understanding of Boolean expressions and simplification techniques,

including the application of De Morgan’s Laws.

b) Digital Circuit Design

 Acquired the ability to design, analyze, and simplify digital logic circuits, improving efficiency in
practical implementations.

c) Proficiency in Simulation Tools

 Developed skills in using simulation software like Logisim for testing and verifying digital circuits
and logical operations.

d) Analytical and Problem-Solving Skills

 Strengthened analytical skills by solving complex problems in logic design and troubleshooting
circuit errors.

e) Technical Documentation and Reporting

 Enhanced the ability to document and present project findings in a clear, structured, and professional
format, effectively communicating technical content.

Sr. Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

Characteristic to be
No. assessed (Marks1-3) (Marks4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks9-10) Total
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert Below total marks out of 6Marks)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature
Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target
as Per project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5
Quality of Prototype/Model
 6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva(Convert Below total marks out of 4Marks)
7 Presentation
8
Viva

(A) (B)
Process and Product Individual Presentation/ Total Marks
Assessment (6 marks) Viva (4 marks) 10

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

1. Effective Collaboration: The team demonstrated strong collaboration throughout the project. Regular
meetings helped in discussing progress, addressing challenges, and brainstorming solutions, which
contributed to the overall success of the micro-project.
2. Clear Role Assignments: Each team member had clearly defined roles based on their strengths,
which facilitated efficient task execution. For example, one member focused on coding, while another
handled data collection. This division of responsibilities allowed for a balanced workload.
3. Open Communication: The team maintained an open line of communication, encouraging all
members to share their ideas and feedback. This openness fostered a positive environment where
everyone felt valued and motivated to contribute.
4. Conflict Resolution: During the project, minor disagreements arose regarding design choices.
However, the team effectively addressed these issues by discussing them openly and seeking
consensus, demonstrating good conflict resolution skills.
5. Leadership Skills: The team leader took the initiative in organizing meetings and ensuring that
deadlines were met. This leadership helped keep the team focused and accountable, ultimately leading
to timely completion of the project.
6. Mutual Support: Team members were supportive of each other, offering help when needed. This
mutual support not only improved productivity but also strengthened team bonds, making the work
process more enjoyable.
7. Feedback Mechanism: Constructive feedback was encouraged, allowing team members to improve
their contributions. Implementing a system for giving and receiving feedback helped enhance the
quality of the project output.
8. Continuous Learning: The project provided opportunities for all members to learn from each other,
especially in areas where some had more experience. This sharing of knowledge not only enhanced
the project but also contributed to personal growth for each member.
9. Time Management: The team effectively managed its time by setting clear milestones and deadlines.
Regular check-ins helped to ensure that the project remained on track and allowed for adjustments
when necessary.
10. Building Confidence: Working in a supportive team environment helped build each member's
confidence in their technical and interpersonal skills, preparing them for future collaborative projects.

Name of Course Teacher:-_______________________________________

Dated Signature:-__________________