A

Mini Project Report

On

“PYTHON”

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
“Computer Science & Engineering”

Submitted by
XYZ
(Roll No.2XXXXXXXX)

Under Guidance of
Mr. Shailesh Patel
(Assistant Professor, CSED)

Submitted To

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, GIDA,
GORAKHPUR
SESSION: 2023-24
 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Integrated Technical Campus: Engineering, Pharmacy & Management
Approved by AICTE, Pharmacy Council of India, New Delhi & Affiliated to Dr. APJAKTU, Lucknow
AL-1, Sector - 7, GIDA, Gorakhpur - 273209 (UP)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Vision & Mission of the Department

Vision of the Department:

Excellence in education to produce competent computer professional to meet the need of

industry and society.

Mission of the Department:

1- To impart quality education in computer science & engineering through competent faculties,
good infrastructure and learning resources to produce competent graduates required by the
industry.

2- To inculcate knowledge and skill sets and to strengthen industry-institute interaction to

promote individual and team excellence to meet the requirement of industry.

3- To develop graduates to be computer professionals with high ethical standard and self-
learning ability.

Program Educational Objective

PEO No. Program Educational Objectives Statements

To prepare competent computer science graduates to have successful career in
PEO1
application software development and in allied industries.
To impart in depth knowledge in core computer science and engineering domain
PEO2 and expertise in providing solution to complex problems using modern IT tools to
meet the requirement of industries.
To inculcate professional skills and to work effectively as individual and member
PEO3
of a team in multidisciplinary projects.
To develop self learning ability, to protect environment and exercise ethical code
PEO4
of conduct in professional practice and activities.
 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Integrated Technical Campus: Engineering, Pharmacy & Management
Approved by AICTE, Pharmacy Council of India, New Delhi & Affiliated to Dr. APJAKTU, Lucknow
AL-1, Sector - 7, GIDA, Gorakhpur - 273209 (UP)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Rubrics are tagged with course outcomes for the laboratory performance.

PO
Rubrics CO Statements MAPPING
Students will be able to work effectively in individual and team PO9,
1 C211.1 to manage the projects. PO11
Apply written and verbal communication through report and
2 C211.2 presentation. PO10

Apply the fundamental principles of engineering into

PO1,
3 C211.3 development of technology and able to develop work ethics in
PO8
industry.
 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Integrated Technical Campus: Engineering, Pharmacy & Management
Approved by AICTE, Pharmacy Council of India, New Delhi & Affiliated to Dr. APJAKTU, Lucknow
AL-1, Sector - 7, GIDA, Gorakhpur - 273209 (UP)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Evaluation
Program Name : B. Tech (CSE) Semester : V
Course Name : Mini Project or Internship Session : 2023-24
Course Code : Section :

Sr. No Roll No. Name CO1 CO2 CO3 TOTAL

Rubrics Rub 1 Rub 2 Rub 3
Maximum Marks
1. XYZ 2XXXXXXXXXXXXX
CERTIFICATE

v
 DECLARATION

This is certified that the work which is being presented in the mini project entitled “PYTHON” is

submitted in the department of Computer Science and Engineering of Institute of Technology and

Management, Gida, Gorakhpur is an authentic record of my own work carried out during the

semester under the supervision of “INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP TRAINING AT Neema

Webtech Pvt. Ltd.

The matter presented in this mini project has not been submitted by me for the award of any other

degree of this or any other institute/university.

Vipul Singh

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Date Candidate Signature

Mr. Shailesh Patel Mr. Ashutosh Rao

(Mini Project Coordinator) Head of Department (CSE)

vi
 ABSTRACT

Counterfeit money has always existed an issue that has caused many problems in the market.

Technological growth development has made it possible to create extra counterfeit items which are

distributed in the mitigation market the global economy. Bangui existing banking equipment and so

on trading sites to check the authenticity of funds. But the average person does not do that have

access to such systems and that is why they are needed in order for the software to receive counterfeit

money, which can be used by ordinary people. This proposed system uses image processing to find

out if the money is real or fake. System built uses the Python system completely language. It contains

similar steps grayscale modification, edge detection, separation, etc. made using appropriate methods.

Keyword: Counterfeit currency, Image Processing, Python programming language, grayscale

conversion, edge detection, segmentation.

vii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Whenever a module of work is completed, there is always a source of inspiration. I always find my

parents as my torch bearers. While completing this task, I realized from my inner core that Rome was

not built in day. I found a stack of mini project reports in the library of ITM Gorakhpur library. Those

reports are the landmarks for me on the way of this task. The presented report is an effort of day and

night works. Selection is always tough; undoubtedly I am accepting this fact.

I am sincerely thankful to Mr. Ashutosh Rao (HOD) & Mr. Shailesh Patel (Mini Project

Coordinator) for his support. I express my gratitude and thanks to all the faculties and staff members

of Computer Science & Engineering department for their sincere cooperation in furnishing relevant

information to complete this mini project report well in time successfully.

Finally, my greatest debt is to my parents, my family for their enduring love, support and forbearance

during my project work.

Vipul Singh

B. Tech, CSE 3rd Sem

Roll No.1901200100122

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.
Certificate v
Declaration vi
Abstract vii
Acknowledgement viii
Table of Contents ix
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
List of Symbols and Abbreviations xii

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1-68

1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE SOURCES 2
1.3 GENERAL 3
1.3.1 Evolution of Microwave Tubes 5
1.3.2 Operating Principle of Gyro-TWT 6
1.3.2.1General 15
1.3.2.1Beam-mode line dispersion 16
1.3.2.3 Waveguide mode dispersion 18
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 59-150
2.1 75

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

Figure 1.1 Block Diagram of the General Framework 3

x
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

Table 2.1 Name 6

xi
 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ANN : ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

:
:
:
:
:
:

xii
 CHAPTER-1
Introduction to Python

1.1 PYTHON

Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. Python is

designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently where as other languages use
punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other languages.

• Python is Interpreted: Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need to
compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.

• Python is Interactive: You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the
interpreter directly to write your programs.

• Python is Object-Oriented: Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique of

programming that encapsulates code within objects.

• Python is a Beginner's Language: Python is a great language for the beginner-level

programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications from simple text
processing to WWW browsers to games.

1.2 HISTORY OF PYTHON

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the National
Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands.

Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68,
Smalltalk, and UNIX shell and other scripting languages.

Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under the GNU General
Public License (GPL).

Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute, although Guido van Rossum
still holds a vital role in directing its progress.

1.2.1 Python History and Versions

 Python laid its foundation in the late 1980s.

1
  The implementation of Python was started in December 1989 by Guido Van Rossum at CWI
in Netherland.
 In February 1991, Guido Van Rossum published the code (labeled version 0.9.0) to
alt.sources.

 In 1994, Python 1.0 was released with new features like lambda, map, filter, and reduce.
 Python 2.0 added new features such as list comprehensions, garbage collection systems.
 On December 3, 2008, Python 3.0 (also called "Py3K") was released. It was designed to
rectify the fundamental flaw of the language.
 ABC programming language is said to be the predecessor of Python language, which was
capable of Exception Handling and interfacing with the Amoeba Operating System.
 The following programming languages influence Python:
o ABC language.
o Modula-3

1.2.2 Python Version History

Python Software Foundation (PSF) used to support two major versions, Python 2.x & Python 3.x.
PSF supported Python 2 because a large body of existing code could not be forward ported to
Python 3. So, they supported Python 2 until January 2020, but now they have stopped supporting
it.

Python 3.0 was released on December 3rd, 2008. It was designed to rectify certain flaws in the
earlier version. This version is not completely backward-compatible with previous versions.
However, many of its major features have since been back-ported to the Python 2.6.x and 2.7.x
version series. Releases of Python 3 include utilities to facilitate the automation of Python 2 code
translation to Python 3.

The following table lists all the important versions of Python:

Table 1.1 Versions of Python

 Classes with inheritance exception handling

Python 0.9.0 Feb-91  Functions
 Modules
 Functional programming tools (lambda, map, filter and
reduce).
Python 1.0 Jan-94  Support for complex numbers.
 Functions with keyword arguments

2
 Python 2.0 Oct-00  List comprehension.
Python 2.7.0  Cycle-detecting garbage collector.
Jul-10  Support for Unicode. Unification of data types and classes
-EOL - Jan 2020
 Backward incompatible.
Python 3 Dec-08  print keyword changed to print() function
 raw_input() function depreciated
Python 3.6 Dec-16  Unified str/Unicode types.
Python 3.6.5 Mar-18  Utilities for automatic conversion of Pytthon 2.x code
 New C API for thread-local storage
 Built-in breakpoint()
Python 3.7.0 May-18  Data classes
 Context variables
 Assignment Expression
Python 3.8 Oct-19  Positional-only parameters
 Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode files

Python 3.9  Dictionary Merge & Update Operators

- Current Oct-20  New removeprefix() and removesuffix() string methods
Version  Builtin Generic Types

Features of Python

3
4
 CONCLUSION

……..

5
 REFERENCES

NOTE- Write References in APA Format.