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Data Structures

Data structures and algorithms are essential concepts in computer science, where data structures organize data efficiently and algorithms provide step-by-step processes for tasks. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, while algorithms encompass sorting, searching, recursion, dynamic programming, and graph algorithms. Mastery of these topics enhances software performance, scalability, and problem-solving skills.

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Marija Stojkovska
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36 views2 pages

Data Structures

Data structures and algorithms are essential concepts in computer science, where data structures organize data efficiently and algorithms provide step-by-step processes for tasks. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, while algorithms encompass sorting, searching, recursion, dynamic programming, and graph algorithms. Mastery of these topics enhances software performance, scalability, and problem-solving skills.

Uploaded by

Marija Stojkovska
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Data Structures and Algorithms

What are Data Structures and Algorithms?

Data structures and algorithms are fundamental concepts in computer


science. A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data efficiently,
while an algorithm is a step-by-step process to perform a specific task.

Common Data Structures

1. Arrays - Fixed-size collection of elements stored in contiguous


memory.

o Example: [10, 20, 30, 40]

2. Linked Lists - A sequence of nodes where each node contains data


and a pointer to the next node.

3. Stacks - A Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) structure used in function calls and


undo operations.

o Example: Browser back button functionality.

4. Queues - A First-In-First-Out (FIFO) structure used in scheduling tasks.

o Example: Print queue in an operating system.

5. Trees - Hierarchical data structures used in databases and file


systems.

o Example: Binary Search Tree (BST).

6. Graphs - A collection of nodes (vertices) connected by edges, used in


social networks and navigation systems.

Common Algorithms

1. Sorting Algorithms - Used to arrange data in a particular order.

o Examples: Bubble Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort.

2. Searching Algorithms - Used to find an element in a dataset.

o Examples: Linear Search, Binary Search.

3. Recursion - A function that calls itself to solve problems efficiently.

4. Dynamic Programming - Solves complex problems by breaking them


into simpler subproblems.
5. Graph Algorithms - Used in pathfinding and network analysis.

o Examples: Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Depth-First Search (DFS),


Breadth-First Search (BFS).

Importance of Data Structures and Algorithms

 Efficiency - Optimizes performance in software applications.

 Scalability - Helps in handling large datasets.

 Problem Solving - Improves logical thinking and coding skills.

Conclusion

Mastering data structures and algorithms is essential for software


development and competitive programming. A strong foundation in these
topics improves problem-solving ability and software performance.

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