What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5
document
The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the
visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
The <h1> element defines a large heading
The <p> element defines a paragraph
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag
Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are
called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML
documents and display them correctly.
A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to
display the document:
The content inside the <body> section will be displayed in a browser. The content
inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's
tab.
HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!
DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps
browsers to display web pages correctly.
It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important
heading:
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag
The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.
Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as
attributes:
HTML Elements
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.
Nested HTML Elements
HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other
elements).
All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML document.
It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element
The <body> element defines the document's body.
It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:
The <h1> element defines a heading.
It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>
The <p> element defines a paragraph.
It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing
tag
HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
All HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about elements
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
The href Attribute
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the
page the link goes to.
The src Attribute
The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src
attribute specifies the path to the image to be displayed
There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:
1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another
website. Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".
Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use
it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external
images; it can suddenly be removed or changed.
2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here,
the URL does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash,
it will be relative to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL
begins with a slash, it will be relative to the domain. Example:
src="/images/img_girl.jpg".
The width and height Attributes
The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which
specify the width and height of the image (in pixels)
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an
image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to
a slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen
reader.
The style Attribute
The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font,
size, and more.
The lang Attribute
You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to
declare the language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines
and browsers.
Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute.
So, the first two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the
last two characters define the country.
The title Attribute
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.
The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse
over the element
HTML Styles
The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color,
font, size, and more.
The HTML Style Attribute
Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.
The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:
<tagname style="property:value;">
Background Color
The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML
element.
Chapter Summary
Use the style attribute for styling HTML elements
Use background-color for background color
Use color for text colors
Use font-family for text fonts
Use font-size for text sizes
Use text-align for text alignment
