GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT/RESERCH REPORT

A research report writing is writing about something in detail after studying in and out of it. Report presents
information in an organized format for a specific purpose. Research report is a document which includes
systematic, articulate and orderly presentation of research work in written format. Students can carry out
various research works which are often called project works. These works are done as parts of curriculum.
After conducting a project work, students should write a report presenting the findings and analysis of those
findings as well as making recommendations on those findings. Basically research report can be formed into
three main parts. They are
1. Preliminary part
2. Main Body part
3. Supplementary part.
Preliminary part.
It is the first part of the research that includes following parts
Title page
Title page must include title of the research report, the report is for, the report is by, and the date of
submission. Title should clearly reflect the topic. It should be specific and brief. Title may take multiple lines
but should not be too long.
Approval page
This page contains approval from your supervisor, HOD etc of the organization for the research.
Abstract page
An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less, the major aspects of the entire paper in
a prescribed sequence that includes: 1) the overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you
investigated; 2) the basic design of the study; 3) major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis;
and, 4) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions.
Acknowledgement page
Acknowledgements enable researcher to thank all those who have helped directly or indirectly in carrying out
the research. It includes acknowledge supervisor, technicians, tutors, other students, financial supporter, etc.
Table of contents page
The Table of Contents (TOC) is an organized listing of the chapters and major sections of your document.
Readers will immediately be able to see how your manuscript is organized and then skip down to sections that
are most relevant to them. A clear, concise, and well formatted TOC is the first indicator of a good research
paper.
To save yourself some time in making your Table of Contents, be sure that you use font styles.
List of tables, list of figures page
The table of contents should also include a List of Tables and a List of Figures, if any are used in the report.
Abbreviation and acronyms page
These are shortened forms of words or phrases that are used in report writing. Abbreviations and acronyms
used in the report are arranged alphabetically.
Main Body Part
Main body may be presented in several chapters. It is the main part of report. The main body of research paper
is where you do the work. It is where you give your argument, provide your evidence or describe
your research and findings. Expand on all the topics mentioned in your introduction. If specific facts or
information are taken from other's work, citation should be done. It brings together all the information you
have gathered from other sources during your research. It should include following chapters with its sub topics
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and General Background: This section should describe clearly about briefly the
background information on the subject matter, what has been done before, and the objectives of the
current project. A clear relationship between the current project and the scope and limitations of earlier
work should be made so that the reasons for the project and the approach used will be understood. It
should cover the following headings:
1.2 Objectives
Objectives can be general or specific. The general objective of your study states what you expect to
achieve in general terms. Specific objectives break down the general objective into smaller, logically
connected parts that systematically address the various aspects of the problem. objectives should be
brief, clear, specific statements of what learners will be able to do at the end of a lesson as a result of the
activities, teaching and learning that has taken place.

1.3 Limitation of the study

Mention why study couldn’t done well. What are the circumstances that you face during your study.
1.4 Rationale of the Project
The rationale of your research is the reason for conducting the study. The rationale should answer the
need for conducting the said research. It is a very important part of your publication as it justifies the
significance and novelty of the study. That is why it is also referred to as the justification of the study.

Chapter -2: MATERIALS AND METHODS

Basically, it is the important details of WHAT you use in your research. The methods section is HOW you
conduct the research to find out the objectives of the research. It includes
2.1 Study area: Explain all the detail regarding the study area like location, altitude, area, road map etc.
2.2 Material used in the study: What are the material used in the study like rope, camera, etc
2.3: Source of data: It may be primary or secondary data
2.4: Method of study: Here uses how you perform for obtaining the data like interview, questionnaire method,
field visit etc.
2.5: Study design: Here how long you perform for obtaining the data or result.
2.6. Statistical tools employed to draw inferences:
It includes the materials used in study, sources of data, methods of study, study design and
Here you will describe how you will obtain the data for obtaining the objectives of the research. It includes
primary data either interview or field visit or experiment or secondary data from websites or journal etc.
Chapter-3: RESULTS/ FINDING
It should include all the findings as per specific objectives. The finding may be presented as tables, graphs,
figures etc
Chapter 4: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
It should include conclusions of the study as per finding of the study. After conclusion you should discuss
what do your results mean? In other words, the majority of the discussion and c conclusions sections should be
an interpretation of your results. Mention any inconclusive results and explain them as best you can. Beside
this on the basis of conclusion you should recommend if any necessary advice is needed.
4.1. Recommendation
It includes the suggestion to the organizations or any other individuals that are directly found involvement in
the study area.
3. Supplementary Part:
This part includes the supporting part for the research. It includes
References: It includes literature cited in the report. References are arranged alphabetically. The basic formats
for referencing are given at the end of table given below.
Annexes: Annexes contain information that is non-essential for understanding of the report, but may present
information that further clarifies the report. It includes, raw data (if any, tables not included in findings)
questionnaire format (if used during the survey), photo (captured during field study), people consulted during
the survey, notice etc. Each annex should contain different material and titled as ANNEX I, ANNEX Il,
ANNEX IIl.... etc.
Citing References in the Body (In-text Citation)
A reference list is the detailed list of reference that are cited in your work. The references should be arranged
in alphabetical with chronological order by surname of the first author. Referencing style should be uniform.
American Psychological Association (APA) format should be preferably followed for the references and
citations in the text. Spacing for references should be of 1.5 spacing within each entry. Typical style of writing
the references and citations in APA format are
given below.
1. One Author: Cottrell, S. (2013). The study skills handbook (5th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan.
2. Two Authors: Thanavaro, J., & Moore, K. S. (2017). Clinical decision making for adult-gerontology
primary care nurse practitioners. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
3. Many Authors:Johnson, N. G., Roberts, M. C., & Worell, J. (Eds.). (1999). Beyond appearance: A new
look at adolescent girls. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Citations in the text: Johnson et al., 1999. Beyond appearance: A new look at adolescent girls.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

General Guidelines while preparing report

1, While choosing a topic for study, care should be taken so that topic won't be too large or
vague.
2. Citations should be given by writing surname of the author(s) followed by the year of work in
the text itself.

3. Words used in report should be simple, clear and precise.

4. Sentences should be short, easy to read and understand.

5. Usually report should be written in formal style. So avoid using first person nouns like I, me,
him, her, etc.

6. If specialist language or technical words are used, you should explain the word as well.

7. Pay attention to include only the relevant facts and information.

8. Print the report on only one side of the page.

9. Margins, spacing, pagination, font styles and size, etc. should be followed as instructed by
your department or teacher. Uniformity is to be maintained.

10. Tables, graphs, figures, photographs, etc. should be integrated with the text or in the
separate page wherever related description is present. These illustrative materials should be
numbered followed by heading.

11. More than one illustrative material for single description should be avoided.

12. Be careful to avoid plagiarism. Acknowledge each and every text taken from other's work.
Make sure that you have referenced fully and correctly.
 REPORT ON ROLE OF BOTANICAL GARDEN IN CONSERVATION OF PLANT IN
NEPAL.
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Write the definition of botanical garden. Mention the history of botanical garden in world and in Nepal.
Mention its importance. Mention the criteria necessary for the botanical garden. Also mention the list of
botanical garden of Nepal.
1.2. Objectives:
1. To know the role of botanical garden.
2. Methods how botanical garden are managed

1.3 Limitation of the study

Mention why study couldn’t done well. What are the circumstances that you face during your study.
1.4 Rationale of the Project
The rationale of your research is the reason for conducting the study. The rationale should answer the
need for conducting the said research. It is a very important part of your publication as it justifies the
significance and novelty of the study. That is why it is also referred to as the justification of the study.

Chapter 2. Methodology:
2.1. Study area: Describe the study area that is botanical garden which you study. It should include
name, established date location, how to reach there, altitude, area, annual precipitation,
specialized for what etc, paste photo and roadmap
2.2. Method of study : Write detail about how will you study for obtaining the report. It includes
date of field visit and how you will obtain the data. Take primary data by
1. Direct observation
2. Visit information centre of the garden to full fill objectives
3. Questionnaire with garden staff
4. Take photographs regarding the role of garden
5. Also get secondary data through internet, journal.
Chapter 3. Result and findings
You have to find out how botanical garden is playing role in conservation of
1. Medical plants,
2. Flowering and non flowering plants.
3. How conserve different plants of different climatic condition
4. How IUCN threatened, vulnerable endangered plants are conserved
5. How it provide awareness regarding conservation.
6. Also write other role of botanical garden like taxonomic studies, research aesthetic value and recreation,
empowerment etc.
S.N Nepali Scientific Life Uses Parts used protected Endemic/ Threatened CITES
 name name form Exotic category Appendix
( I,II,III..)
1 Rukh Cyathea Tree Economic, Leaf for Protected Exotic Endangered APPENDI
Uneu gigantea fern medicinal, making X II
ornamental, handicaft,
biofertilizer plates, Scales
from the
fronds are
used to arrest
haemorrhages
2
3
4
Chapter 4. Discussions and conclusion
Write how Botanical garden helps in plant conservation base on result and finding.
Also compare your result or finding with the secondary data, already published in journal or written in
thesis of different institutions.
4.1. Recommendation: Write if any necessary improvement is needed for the conservation with comparing
from secondary data.
References
Write the references that are used in the report.
Annexes
(Provide table with list of species, photo of different green houses, photo of some threatened, protected,
endemic, CITES-listed species, consultation photo etc.