===========================================
***UNIT-IV Creating and Validating Forms***
===========================================
- PHP is becoming a standard in the world of web programming becuase of its
simplicity, performance, reliability, flexibility and speed.
- Forms are very essential part of web development.
- Forms are used to get input from user and submit it to the web server for
processing.
- Forms are used to communicate between users and servers.
- How we process the form:
1) First, we will creates form where we can take input from users.
2) We will send form data to the server using GET and POST method.
3) At server side we will validate user and add data to the database by using php
code.
- We can define form using tag <form>....</form>..
- We can create and use forms in PHP.
- To get form data, we need to use PHP global variables $_GET and $_POST.
- Form request may be get or post.
Browser Role GET and POST Methods:
==================================
- There are two http method that a client can use to pass form data to the server
i.e GET and POST methods.
- We use method attributes to specifiy method inside the form.
***GET Method:
--------------
- Using get method we can send data to the server as a part of URL.
- We can send limited data to the server using get method.
- Example:
http://www.msbte.com/login.html?username=value1&password=value2
- When we send data to the server using get method then it will produces long url
string.
- Never use GET method if we have password or other sensitive information to be
sent to the server.
- The data send to the server, we can retrive by using php variable $_GET.
- Example:
//Save below code in login.php file
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
echo "Your User Name:".$_GET['nm'];
echo "<br> Your Password:".$_GET['psw'];
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="" method="GET">
Name:<input type="text" name="nm"></br><br>
Password:<input type="text" name="psw"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
***POST Method:
--------------
- Using POST method we can send data to the server as a part of body.
- We can send large amount of data to the server using post method.
- POST method transfer data to the server as part of HTTP header.
- POST method does not have any restriction on data size to be sent to the server.
- The data send to the server, we can retrive by using php variable $_POST.
- Example:
//Save below code in login.php file
<?php
if(isset($_POST['b1']))
{
echo "Your User Name:".$_POST['nm'];
echo "<br> Your Password:".$_POST['psw'];
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="" method="POST">
Name:<input type="text" name="nm"></br><br>
Password:<input type="text" name="psw"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
- isset function in PHP is used to determine whether a variable is set or not.
Practice Program-1: Check Even or odd
---------------------------------------
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
if($_GET['tf1']!="")
{
if($_GET['tf1']%2==0)
{
echo "Number is EVEN";
}
else
{
echo "Number is ODD";
}
}
else
{
echo "Textfield should not be empty";
}
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
Enter any number:<input type="text" name="tf1"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Check EVEN/ODD">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Practice Program-1: Find out the factorial of given number
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
$no=$_GET['tf1'];
$i=1;
$fact=1;
while($i<=$no)
{
$fact=$fact*$i;
$i++;
}
echo "Factorial of Number=$fact";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
Enter any Number:<input type="text" name="tf1"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Calculate Factorial">
</form>
</body>
</html>
=================
Form Controls
=================
- There are different form controls that we can use to collect data from user.
1) TextBox:
-----------
- This is form control which is used to enter single line text.
- It is also called as Text field, Text entry box which allow user to enter single
line text.
- Syntax:
<input type="text" name="nameoftextbox">
- if we use type as text then it will create textbox.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
echo "Welcome ".$_GET['tf1'];
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
Enter Your Name: <input type="text" name="tf1">
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2) TextArea:
------------
- This is multi-line textbox.
- This control allow user to enter multiple lines.
- Syntaxl:
<textarea name="Name" rows="count" cols="count">
</textarea>
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
echo "Your Address: ".$_GET['tf1'];
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
Enter Your Address: <textarea name="tf1" rows=10 cols=50></textarea>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
3) Radio Button:
----------------
- The radio button is used to select single choice from multiple options.
- All radio buttons in the group have the same name attributes.
- Only one button can be selected per group.
- Radio button look like circle.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
$color_name=$_GET['c1'];
echo "You have selected color :$color_name";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
Please select your favourite Color:
<input type="radio" name="c1" value="white">White
<input type="radio" name="c1" value="red">Red
<input type="radio" name="c1" value="green">Green
<input type="radio" name="c1" value="gray">Gray
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
4) Checkbox:
------------
- A checkbox is a toggle button. It can be either ON or OFF.
- The value attributes should contain the value that will be sent to the server.
- Checkbox consists of square box with associated label.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
if(!empty($_GET['c1']))
{
$Checked_count=count($_GET['c1']);
echo "You have selected ".$Checked_count." options:<br>";
foreach($_GET['c1'] as $selected)
{
echo "<br>".$selected;
}
}
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
<h3>Select your interested programming language:</h3><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="c1[]" value="C Lang">C Lang<br><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="c1[]" value="C++ Lang">C++ Lang<br><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="c1[]" value="JAVA Lang">JAVA Lang<br><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="c1[]" value="Python Lang">Python
Lang<br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
5) List:
---------
- It will display list of items to a user.
- User can select an item from the list.
- User can select either one option from the list or multiple options.
- A multi-select list allows the user to select multiple items at once by holding
down CTRL key.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
foreach($_GET['transport'] as $x)
{
echo "You have selected item :$x <br>";
}
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
<select name="transport[]" multiple="multiple">
<option>BUS</option>
<option>CAR</option>
<option>RAILWAY</option>
<option>AIROPLANE</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
6) Buttons:
-----------
- It will create push button.
- It is an interactive component which enable user to communicate with an
application.
- It is a standard button and it will generates event when we click on it.
- Syntax:
<input type="button|submit|resent| name="nm" value="vl">
Where:
button - The button is clickable button.
submit - The button is submit button whihc will submits form data.
reset - The button is a reset button which will reset form data its
initial values.
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Submit">
<input type="button" name="b2" value="Button">
<input type="reset" name="b3" value="Reset">
</form>
</body>
</html>
=====================
**WEB PAGE VALIDATION
=====================
- Validation means check the input submitted by the user.
- There are two types of validations available in PHP.
1) Client side validation: This validation performed on the client machine web
browsers.
2) Server side validation: After submitting data, the data has sent to server and
performed validation check in server machine.
- Some of the validation rules for fields:
Name - Should required letters and white spaces.
Email - Should required @ symbol
Website - Should required a valid URL
Radio - Must be selectable at least once.
Checkbox - Must be selectable at least once.
Drop-Down Menu - Must be selectable at least once.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
if(empty($_GET['tf1']))
{
echo "Name is required!!!";
}
else
{
echo "Welcome ".$_GET['tf1'];
}
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="GET">
Enter Your Name:<input type="text" name="tf1">
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
============================
**Web Page having many forms
============================
- In single web-page, we can create multiple forms.
- Example:
<?php
if(!empty($_POST['mailing-submit']))
{
echo "<h4>Form 1 is calling</h4>";
}
if(!empty($_POST['contact-submit']))
{
echo "<h4>Form 2 is calling</h4>";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form name="mailinglist" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>Form 1</legend>
<h4>Email:<input type="text" name="email"></h4>
<input type="submit" name="mailing-submit" value="Add our mailing
list">
</fieldset>
</form>
<form name="contacts" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>Form 2</legend>
<h4>Email:<input type="text" name="email"></h4>
<h4>Subject:<input type="text" name="subject"></h4>
<h4>Body of Email:<textarea name="msg"></textarea></h4>
<input type="submit" name="contact-submit" value="Send Email">
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
====================================
Form having multiple submit buttons
====================================
- Here, we need to understand support multiple submit buttons present in HTML then
how PHP handle it.
- Normally a HTML form has only one submit button but there are situtions when we
might need to use more than one buttons and PHP check which button has been preseed
and an action to be done according to the button pressed.
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<h3>Form having multiple submit buttons</h3>
<?php
switch($_REQUEST['b1'])
{
case "Button-1": echo "<h4>You pressed Button 1</h4>";break;
case "Button-2": echo "<h4>You pressed Button 2</h4>";break;
case "Button-3": echo "<h4>You pressed Button 3</h4>";break;
}
?>
<form method="POST">
<input type="submit" name="b1" class="button" value="Button-1">
<input type="submit" name="b1" class="button" value="Button-2">
<input type="submit" name="b1" class="button" value="Button-3">
</form>
</body>
</html>
========================
***Cookies***
========================
- A cookie is a small piece of data in the form name-value pair.
- Cookies are sent by the web server and stored in the web browser.
- PHP cookie is small piece of information which is stored at client browser in
text format.
- It is used to recognize user.
- Cookies are also known web cookies.
- Cookie is created at server side and stored at browser side.
- Use setCookie() function to send the cookie to the web browser.
- This same function also used for delete the cookie.
- We use cookie for identify user.
- There are two types of cookie:
1) Session Cookie:
-------------------
- Session cookie is also called as transient cookie.
- Session cookie erased when we close the web browser.
- This is also called as temporary cookie.
- Session cookie is stored in temporary memory and it got deleted automatically
when we close the browser.
- Session cookie do not collect information from the computer.
2) Persistent Cookie:
----------------------
- Persistent cookie do not expire at the end of the session.
- Persistent cookie is also called as permanent cookie.
- A cookie that is stored on hard drive until it expires.
- We will collect information about the user from the persistent cookie.
isset() function:
-----------------
- To read data from cookie, we first have to check if the cookie is actually
exists.
- This is achieved through the isset function.
- The isset() function is used to check existence of variable.
- Syntax:
isset($_COOKIE['nameofcookie']);
- If the cookie specified in the isset function is exists then function will return
true value otherwise it will return false value.
- Example:
Attributes of Cookie:
----------------------
- The following syntax shows attributes of cookies:
setCookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure,httponly);
- Only the name parameter is required, all other parameters are optional.
- Where:
name - name of the cookie.
value - value of the cookie
expiry - time when cookie will get expire.
path - This specifies the directories for which the cookie is valid.
domain - The browser will return the cookie only for URLs within this
domain.The default is the server host name.
Secure - This can be set to 1 which specify that the cookie should sent by
using HTTPS otherwise set to 0 which means cookie can be sent by using HTTP
protocol.
Create Cookie:
---------------
- Cookie can be created by using setCookie() function:
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
$cookie_name=$_GET['tf1'];
$cookie_value=$_GET['tf2'];
setCookie($cookie_name,$cookie_value);
if(isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]))
{
echo "Cookie set successfully with below details:";
echo "<br>Cookie Name: $cookie_name";
echo "<br>Cookie Value: $cookie_value<br><br>";
}
else
{
echo "Cookie is not set";
}
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="get">
Enter Cookie Name:<input type="text" name="tf1"><br><br>
Enter Cookie Value:<input type="text" name="tf2"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Set Cookie">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Delete Cookie:
================
- To delete cookie, use setCookie() function with an expiration date in the past.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
$cookie_name=$_GET['tf1'];
$cookie_value=$_GET['tf2'];
setCookie($cookie_name,$cookie_value,time()-3600); //deleted cookie as
time is in past
if(isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]))
{
echo "Cookie set successfully with below details:";
echo "<br>Cookie Name: $cookie_name";
echo "<br>Cookie Value: $cookie_value<br><br>";
}
else
{
echo "Cookie is not set";
}
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="get">
Enter Cookie Name:<input type="text" name="tf1"><br><br>
Enter Cookie Value:<input type="text" name="tf2"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Set Cookie">
</form>
</body>
</html>
====================
***Session****
====================
- Session is a way to store information to be used across multiple pages.
- Session allow us to store information on web server that associated session id.
- Once we create session, PHP send cookie that contains session id to the web
browser.
- In the subsequent requests, the web browser send the session id cookie back to
the web server so that PHP can retrive the data based on session id.
- A session creates file in temporary directory on the server where registered
session variables and their values are stored.
- This data will be available to all pages on the site during that visit.
- The location of temporary file is determined by setting in the php.ini file
called session.save_path
Use of Session:
---------------
- Session information is used as medium between two different entity communication.
- PHP session is used to store data on web server.
- Session Identifier(SID) is a unique number which is used to identify every user
in a session.
- Session is a global variable stored on server.
- Each session has unique id used to retrive stored information.
- Whenever session is created, cookie containing session id and it stored on the
user computer. Whenever user send request to server then it will use session id
everytime.
- When we work with an application, we open it, do some changes and then we close
it. This is much like session. The computer knows who we are. It knows when we
start the application and when we close that application.
- But on the internet, web server dont know who we are or what we do because HTTP
address does not maintain state.
- Session variables solve this problem by storing user information.
Why should session be maintained?
- When there is series of continuous request and response from the same client to
server, the server cannot identify from which cleint it is getting requests.
- Becase HTTP is a stateless protocol so we need to use session tracking feature.
Start Session:
--------------
- Session is started using method session_start().
- The session_start() function first checks if a session is already started and if
none is started then it starts one.
- Session variables are set with the PHP global variables $_SESSION.
- The $_SESSION[] variables can be accessed during the lifetime of session.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
session_start();
$_SESSION["favcolor"]="green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"]="dog";
echo "<br>Session Variables are set!!!";
echo "<br><br>Favourite color is ".$_SESSION['favcolor'];
echo "<br>Favourite animal is ".$_SESSION['favanimal'];
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="get">
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Start Session">
</form>
</body>
</html>
================
Destroy Session:
=================
- To remove all global session variables and destroy the session, use
session_unset() and session_destroy() functions.
- Example:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['b1']))
{
session_unset();
session_destroy();
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form method="get">
<input type="submit" name="b1" value="Destroy Session">
</form>
</body>
</html>
==================
***Sending Email
==================
- To send email using PHP, we must configure the php.ini file with the details of
how the system send email.
- Open the php.ini file and go the section entitled[Mail function]. Set the SMTP
setting.
- Using mail() function:
- PHP use mail() function to send email.
- This function requires three mandatory arguments that spcify the recipients of
email address, the subject of the message and the actual message.
- Syntax:
bool mail(String $to,String $subject,String $message,[String
$additional_header,String $additional_parameters])
- If mail was successfully accepted for delivery then it return true value
otherwise false.
STEP-1:
---------
- Go to C:/xampp/sendmail and open sendmail.ini file and make the below changes.
smtp_server=smtp.gmail.com
smtp_port= 587
smtp_ssl=tls
STEP-2:
-------
- Goto C:/xampp/php and open file php.ini and make the below changes.
smtp=localhost
smtp_port=25
sendmail_from=me@example.com
sendmail_path=<path of sendmail.exe file>
- Example:
<?php
function validate_email($msg)
{
$xyz=filter_var($msg,FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);
if(filter_var($msg,FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))
{
return TRUE;
}
else
{
return FALSE;
}
}
$to_email="vjtechacademy@gmail.com";
$subject="Testing PHP mail";
$message="This mail is sent using PHP mail";
//$header="From:noreply@company.com";
$secure_check=validate_email($to_email);
if($secure_check==false)
{
echo "Invalid Email";
}
else
{
mail($to_email,$subject,$message);
echo "This email is sent using PHP mail";
}
?>
