### Lab Report: Study on Different Parts of Surface Grinding Machine
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#### **Introduction**
Surface grinding is a machining process that uses a rotating abrasive wheel
to remove material from the surface of a workpiece. It is one of the most
common grinding operations and is used to achieve high accuracy, close
dimensional tolerances, and fine surface finishes. This experiment focuses on
understanding the constructional features and different parts of a surface
grinding machine, which is essential for performing precise grinding
operations in industrial applications.
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#### **Objective**
The primary objective of this experiment is to study the constructional
features of a surface grinding machine through detailed observation and
drawing. This includes understanding the function of each part of the
machine and how they contribute to the grinding process.
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#### **Theory**
Surface grinding machines are used to finish flat or irregular surfaces. The
grinding process involves removing material from the workpiece using a
rotating wheel composed of abrasive grains. The machine can be classified
into four types based on spindle direction and table motion:
1. **Horizontal spindle and rotating table**
2. **Vertical spindle and rotating table**
3. **Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table**
4. **Vertical spindle and reciprocating table**
The main parts of a surface grinding machine include:
1. **Base**: Supports the column and houses the drive mechanism.
2. **Table**: Moves longitudinally to provide feed and has T-slots for
clamping workpieces.
3. **Wheel Head**: Mounted on the column, it holds the grinding wheel and
can be adjusted vertically.
Grinding wheels are made of abrasive grains held together by a bond. The
properties of the wheel, such as the type of abrasive, grain size, and bonding
material, determine its performance.
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#### **Figure Explanation**
1. **Figure 1**: Diagram of a surface grinding machine showing the base,
table, and wheel head. The base supports the entire machine, while the table
moves back and forth to provide feed. The wheel head holds the grinding
wheel and can be adjusted vertically.
2. **Figure 2**: Illustration of internal grinding, where the grinding wheel is
used to grind the inside diameter of a workpiece.
3. **Figure 3**: Diagram of cylindrical grinding, where both the workpiece
and the grinding wheel rotate to produce cylindrical surfaces.
4. **Figure 4**: Common types of grinding wheels, showing different shapes
and sizes used for various grinding operations.
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#### **Reference**
- Lab Manual: IPE-2214 Machine Tools Lab, American International University-
Bangladesh.
- Textbook: "Manufacturing Processes" by J.P. Kaushish.
- Online Resources: Wikipedia articles on grinding processes and machine
tools.
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#### **Conclusion**
In this experiment, we studied the different parts of a surface grinding
machine and their functions. The base, table, and wheel head are critical
components that enable precise grinding operations. Understanding the
construction and operation of these machines is essential for achieving high
accuracy and surface finish in machining processes. This knowledge is crucial
for industrial applications where precision and efficiency are paramount.
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This lab report format provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the
experiment, covering all necessary sections with meaningful explanations.
