FA reg overview

​ Part 21
Certification procedures for product and articles
-establishes certification of aircraft and components, makes sure the parts are good to fly
-issuance of type certificates, like a title of a car
-if aircraft is in conformity/ airworthiness certification
-supplemental type certificate, allows for a modification after approval from FAA, say bigger
engine or something that the manufacturer did not fit to the requirements first.
-technical standard order TSO, baseline for a component to be good enough to be fit to the
plane
-parts manufacturing PMS, people have approval to manufacture said TSO part
-Airworthy, An aircraft with a US Type certificate (TC) when its in a safe condition
-
​ Part 23
Airworthiness standards- normal category planes
-performance characteristics of aircraft for a normal planes
-requirements for every component
-used to verify conformity, range markings of cockpit instruments
​ Parts 39
Airworthiness directives
-airworthiness directives are given by the FAA to notify of an unsafe condition of and aircraft,
engine, propeller
-describes appropriate corrective action
-specifies the time by which the AD must be done by
-MANDATORY
-if applicable to your aircraft, engine, propeller, or appliance by model, serial number
-must be enter into the record no matter what
-AD that need to be re-complied with multiple times are called Recurring ADs
ADs are issued biweekly- example 2019-03-22 year-the biweekly issue-the sequence?
​ Part 43
Maintenance, preventive maintenance rebuilding and alterations
-establishes standards for inspections, maintenance, repair, as well as who may perform the
inspections, maintenance, or repair
-mandates record keeping requirements
-repair and alteration
-APPENDIX A list of major repair and alteration to the airframe, engine, propeller, and
appliances
-definitions
Major alterations- changes which affect flutter or engine that was not from manufacturer,
- major repair affects weight and balances
Minor repair- those that are not major
Preventive maintenance- not considered maintenance by FAA, replacements of parts, owner
who is also certified private pilot. Has to be entered into the log book.
Repair-maintenance procedure in which a damaged component is restored to its original
condition, altered condition or fulfill its design function
Major repair- if done, may affect the weight balance, structural strength, performance, power
plant operation, or other qualities affecting the airworthiness.
Alteration- a change to a certificated aircraft, engine, propeller, or appliance
Overhaul- in which a device is disassembled to the extent needed to determine the condition of
all its parts, need the same maintenance logs
Rebuilt- the same as overhaul except, with new parts tolerances, as well as can only be done by
manufacturers or by an approved station of the manufacturer, can receive new maintenance
logs.
Maintenance record entry
1 a description of the work performed or a reference to data acceptable to the administrator,
reference to the materials that helped, AMM, AC, SB, AD
2 the date of completion
3 if someone helped you, put their name
4 if the work is satisfactorily completed, the signature, certificate type, and the certificate number
of the person approving the return to service
Time since overhaul TSO is required for all items required to be overhauled on a time, cycle, or
data basis, on engines, props, some appliances
Total time, total cycles, and TSO is required for all life limited parts affected by this entry, if a life
limited part is used to go on another aircraft must be noted on its life cycle of where the part is.
Inspection record entry
1 the type of inspection and a brief description of the extent of the inspection
2 the date of the inspection and the total time in service
3 the signature of the person performing inspection
4 return to service statement
IAW= in accordance with
AFL= Aircraft final landings
ACTT= AIrcraft total time
Appendix A- major alterations, major repairs, and preventative maintenance, this is where you
go if you question if it is a major or just a regular repair/alteration
Appendix B- regulates the recording of major repairs and alterations
Appendix B (a) must execute a form 337 at least in duplicate, must give a signed copy to the
owner, must forward one to the faa within 48 hours, make a copy for yourself, and if there is a
fuel tank in the baggage or cabin one will go to the cockpit/cabin.
Form 337 for a major repair is kept for 1 year, form 337 for major alterations is kept forever.
Approved data is data that has been approved by the FAA, it includes 121 and 135 maintenance
manuals, TCDS, AD, designated engineering representative (DER) data, designated alteration
station (DAS) data, TSO, PMA
Acceptable data, AMM, structural repair manuals SRM, manufacturer service bulletins MSB,
manufacturer service letters MSL, and AC 43.13 1b and 2b

​ Part 65
Certification of airmen other than flight crewmembers
-establishes requirements for mechanics and other non- flight crew members as well as
requirements for inspection authorization cert, be 18 at least, understand english, past all test
within 24 months from a part 147 school
-Describes the privileges and limitations of both IAs and mechanics
​ Privileges and limitations
-the ratings allow you to approve return to service after you have performed, supervised, or
inspected it maintenance alteration for the ratings held, unless it is a major repair or alteration
-perform a 100 hour inspection for which they are rated
-Only an IA can return to service major repairs and major alterations. A certified mechanic can
do the work, as long as it is signed off by the IA
-certificate is for life, as long as it is not surrendered, suspended, or revoked
-your certificate must be in your immediate work area, and must be presented upon request of
the administrator (federal aviation administrator) or one of his delegates, NTSB (national
transportation safety board), federal, state or local law enforcement.
-notify FAA of any changes in address within 30 days
-To be eligible for IA, have an A&P license for at least 3 years, actively engaged in certification
and maintained for at least 2 years prior, have a fixed base of operations (FBO) that can be
reached by phone during normal business hours, must have the tools, facilities,, and inspection
data to perform inspections, pass a written exam
-IA duration expires march 31st every odd numbered year, then up for renewal, ceases to be
effective if suspended, surrendered or revoked, or no longer have that FBO, no longer have the
tools, facilities, or tech data to perform inspections
-to be eligible for renewal holder must show evidence of meeting the initial requirements, must
have performed one of the following, one annual for each 90 days the IA is held, Two major
repairs or Alterations for each 90 days, performed or supervised progressive, successfully
completed IA refresher course of not less than 8 hours, pass an oral test be an FAA inspector
-can inspect and return to service major repairs and alterations except on part 121 aircraft
(airliners), can not do instruments or propellers, can perform and return to service an annual
inspection or progressive inspection, can not delegate inspection duties, can allows others to do
progressive inspections, IA must supervise
​ Repairman certification
-eligibility, must be 18 years of age, be especially qualified to perform maintenance on aircraft or
components, be employed for a specific job requiring those special qualifications be a
certificated repair station, be recommended for certification by his employer, have either 18
months of experience, completed formal training, be able to understand english language, upon
leaving, that certification is surrendered to employer and is giving back to the FAA
​ Part 91
General operating and flight rules/inspections
-Subpart E regulates the maintenance preventative maintenance and alteration of US registered
aircraft, also outlines inspection that must be performed on all aircraft
-Annual inspection must be performed at the end of a 12 calendar month
Must be performed by an IA, can’t be delegated, can’t be supervised performing one if you are
not certified.
-if an aircraft is found un-airworth, means something is wrong but the plane is still airworthy just
not that part, must provide the owner with a list of defects, aircraft is grounded. If you want to fly,
you must obtain a special flight permit to go get it fixed somewhere else.
-altimeter, pitot system check checked every 24 months
-emergency locator transmitter checked 12 calendar months
-Transponder check checked every 24 months
​ Part 120-drug and alcohol testing program
-
​ Part 145
-repair station certified maintenance facility approved by the FAA to perform maintenance on
specific maintenance functions, can only work on equipment that they are rated on
- repair stations must have- housing for the facilities, equipment, materials, and personnel
consistent with its ratings and limitations, station manuals, approved quality control system,
approved capabilities list, certified repairman.
-To reference the book it should look like 91.413c1ii
​ Maintenance and inspection record entries
Serialized parts, must enter part number and serial number of a part in maintenance record
entry about these parts. Includes removed parts and installed parts. Life-limited parts give the
current status of the life on it. Give TSO on overhaul parts.
Engines, auxiliary power units, propellers, rotors, total time in service and TSO are required,
each of these items will have its own record, ensure that you are using the correct record/log
book for each entry on the aircraft, if it has a propeller, you will have three records, airframe,
engine, and propeller.
-Inspection records, what type of inspection was performed, a description or scope and detail of
the inspection, a reference to the checklist you used to do the inspection, the disposition of the
inspection, is it airworthy or not, must provide a letter to the owner operator dated with why it
was not airworthy. Requirements, the date the inspection was completed AND aircraft total time
ACTT in service, signature, type of certification A or P or A&P.
“I certify that this aircraft/engine/propeller has been inspected in accordance with (insert type)
inspection using the inspection checklist provided in (insert material used) and was determined
to be in airworthy condition (signature and certification with #)”
“I certify that this aircraft/engine/propeller has been inspected in accordance with (insert type)
inspection using the inspection checklist provided in (insert material used) a list of discrepancies
and unairworthy items dated (date) has been provided to aircraft owner or operator (signature
and certification with #)”
​ Maintenance entry in log book
Have a description of the work performed, the date of completion of work, the name of the
person performing the work if other than the person specified in paragraph a 4 of this section, if
the work was performed satisfactorily, the signature, certification number, and kind of cert held
by the person doing the return the service.
Did we replace it? Need part number and serial number of both removed and installed. Times
and cycles of both the removed and installed part. Documentation of installed part, FAA form
8130-3. What is the condition of the part? Where was the part procured from. What tech data
did we use to perform the function? Results of any maintenance inspection. Results of
operational and leak check.
Did we perform a maintenance inspection? Need technical data that we used to perform
inspection. The results of the inspection, did we have to remove components to do the
inspection. S/N=serial number P/N=part number C/W= complied with

11nov2019 ENT:821.9 ENTC:832 TSO:821.9

Removed oil drain plug and drained #2 engine oil and removed engine oil filter P/N ch4811.
Installed new engine oil filter p/n ch4811. Serviced engine with 12 qt of Aeroshell 80w ashless
dispersant engine oil. All work performed IAW continental GTSIO MM chapter 85-50-25 rev. 29
ops check and leak check satisfactory. Jackson wells A&P 8008135

Data:
Acceptable or approved data
Acceptable data: is used for all maintenance except major repairs and major alterations. Its is
acceptable to the administrator and FAA. includes, Advisory circulars, MFGs Service manuals,
service bulletins and part 121/135 operators manuals. MFG=manufacturers.
Approved data: is used for all major repairs and major alterations. It includes, TCDS, STC, AD,
FAA approved structural repair manuals, Designated engineering representative, organization
designation authorization, appliance manufacturers manual, data stamped “FAA APPROVED”,
FAA form 337 used to approve repairs or alterations, TSO, PMA and approved service bulletins
and letters or similar documents, and any other data approved by the administrator.
Data that is not acceptable or approved, sales catalog information, newsletters, magazine
articles, parts manual. If you don't know if the data is approved or not, call the FAA.
If you want data to be approved, ac 43-210a and FAA form 8110-3, or go to ODA or got to a
DER, or field approvals, which is one of the means the FAA uses to approve the tech data for
major repairs or major alterations on a single aircraft, not found in FARS, policy only, ASI signs
block 3 of form 337.

Form 337

Human factors pt. 1-2

Work is hard
Make a writing for everything
Be able to work on a team cohesively and able to take criticism
PEAR
Memory jogger of human factors
P-people who do the work-physical, physiological, the difference between people
E-environment- physical workplace, ramp, hanger, shop- the difference between places
A-actions- idk
R-resources the used to do the job- tangible, lifts, tools, test equipment, technical manuals etc.
non tangible- staff time level of communication
​ MEDA tool for investigating maintenance error events
Based on the principle that error results from a chain of events and not a single point of error,
the goal is to understand the root causes and prevent future events, not place blame. Don't hide
something, bring it up and just generally be up to snuff on all you papers and licenses
Three principles for MEDA
Positive employee intent- doesn’t happen all the time, just a one time screw up
Contribution of multiple factors
Manageability of errors
​ SHEL model-determine what the problem is
Software
Hardware
Environment
Liveware
​ Human error
Human action with unintended consequences, should not attempt to avoid error but make them
visible, identify them before they produce damage, human error is not avoidable but is
manageable. Two types, intentional and unintentional, unintentional means you did something
without knowing because of poor judgment, carelessness or something there of, did not mean to
make that mistake. Intentionally, someone did something wrong and they knew it, they chose to
go outside the regulations to make something happen easier for them. Two kinds of error, active
and latent, active is the specific individual activity that is an obvious event IE person climbs a
latter and falls off. Latent is the company issues that lead up to the event IE broken latter was
not replaced or fixed by the company. 12 ways human error, lack of communication,
complacency, lack of knowledge, distraction, lack of teamwork, fatigue, lack of resources,
pressure, lack of assertiveness, stress, lack of awareness, and norms.