2025 Release

Classroom in a Book®
The official training workbook from Adobe
Conrad Chavez
Adobe Photoshop Classroom in a Book 2025 Release
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ISBN-13: 978-0-13-537632-4
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$PrintCode
WHERE ARE THE LESSON FILES?
Purchase of this Classroom in a Book in any format gives you access to the lesson files you’ll
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December 31, 2029.

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CLASSROOM IN A BOOK 2025 RELEASE iii

 CONTENTS

WHERE ARE THE LESSON FILES? iii

GETTING STARTED 1
About Classroom in a Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What’s new in this edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Installing Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Bridge, and Adobe
Camera Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Installing fonts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Starting Adobe Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Online content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Restoring default preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Additional resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1 GETTING TO KNOW THE WORK AREA 8

Starting to work in Adobe Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Starting a new document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Adding an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Touring the Photoshop work area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Using the tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Combining elements using layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Adding type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Adding a solid color layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Painting a graphic element. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Undoing and redoing steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Extending an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Exporting a copy for delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

iv CONTENTS
2 BASIC PHOTO CORRECTIONS 42
Opening a file with Adobe Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Evaluating an image for editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Straightening and cropping the image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Correcting tone and color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Repairing a damaged image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Retouching a deleted area using Generative Fill. . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Sharpening the image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3 WORKING WITH SELECTIONS 64

About selecting and pixel selection tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using cloud documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using the Magic Wand tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Using the Quick Selection tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Moving a selected area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Using the Object Selection tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Manipulating selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Selecting with the lasso tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Rotating selected pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Selecting with the Magnetic Lasso tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Selecting from a center point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Resizing and copying a selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Cropping an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

4 LAYER BASICS 88
About layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Using the Layers panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Rearranging layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Applying a gradient to a layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
Applying a layer style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Adding an adjustment layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CLASSROOM IN A BOOK 2025 RELEASE v

 Updating layer effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Creating a border from a selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Flattening and saving files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

5 QUICK FIXES 122

Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Improving a snapshot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Adjusting facial features with Liquify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Using Blur Gallery effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Creating a panorama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Filling empty areas when cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Correcting image distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Extending depth of field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Adjusting perspective in an image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

6 MASKS AND PATTERNS 160

Why masks are useful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Using Select And Mask and Select Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Manipulating an image with Puppet Warp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Creating a pattern for the background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

7 TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN 182

About type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Creating a clipping mask from type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Creating type on a path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Warping point type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Designing paragraphs of type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Finishing up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

8 VECTOR DRAWING TECHNIQUES 204

About bitmap images and vector graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
About paths and the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Getting started with vector drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Drawing a shape with the Pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Drawing a path traced from a photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

vi CONTENTS
 Converting a path to a selection and a layer mask . . . . . . . . . .218
Creating a logo with text and a custom shape . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

9 ADVANCED COMPOSITING 228

Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Arranging layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Using Smart Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
Painting a layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Adding a background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Using the History panel to undo edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Improving a low-resolution image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

10 PAINTING WITH THE MIXER BRUSH 252

About the Mixer Brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254
Selecting brush settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Mixing colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
Mixing colors with a photograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Using brush presets to paint and mix colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

11 EDITING VIDEO 272

About video and animation in Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274
Using the Timeline panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276
Adding video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276
Adding audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
Changing clip durations in a video group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280
Animating with keyframes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Adding transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Rendering the timeline as a finished video file . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

12 WORKING WITH CAMERA RAW 292

Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294
About camera raw files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Processing files in Camera Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296
Retouching a portrait in Camera Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CLASSROOM IN A BOOK 2025 RELEASE vii

 13 PREPARING FILES FOR THE WEB 330
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Creating placeholders with the Frame tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Using layer groups to create button graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
Automating a multistep task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346
Designing with artboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

14 EDITING FOR CONSISTENT COLOR 364

Understanding digital color reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366
About color management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Checking colors for the final medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370
Inspecting document color values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Editing while simulating final output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376
Preparing files for printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378
Converting an image to CMYK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379
Saving the image as Photoshop PDF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Printing to a desktop color printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

15 EXPLORING GENERATIVE AI 388

About Adobe Firefly generative AI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390
How does Photoshop use generative AI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Generating a complete image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Refining a generative layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
About generative credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398
Popular questions about generative AI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400
Exploring the possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

INDEX 404

viii CONTENTS
15 EXPLORING GENERATIVE AI

Lesson overview
In this lesson, you’ll learn how to do the following:
• Create and enhance images using generative AI features.
• Refine the results of generative AI to get the image you want.
• Use different types of generative AI features in Photoshop.
• Understand how Adobe Firefly generative AI handles issues related
to generative AI, such as rights and credits.

This lesson will take about 30 minutes to complete. To get the lesson files
used in this chapter, download them from the web page for this book at
peachpit.com/PhotoshopCIB2025. For more information, see “Accessing
the lesson files and Web Edition” in the Getting Started section at the
beginning of this book.
As you work on this lesson, you’ll preserve the start files. If you need
to restore the start files, download them from your Account page.

388
PROJECT: BREAKFAST PROMOTION

Adobe Firefly generative AI is built into Photoshop

so that you can quickly explore visual ideas and
create photorealistic or illustrative images simply by
describing what you want.

389
 About Adobe Firefly generative AI
The term artificial intelligence, or AI, isn’t new; you’ve probably been hearing it for
years, and it’s been around for decades. For most of that time, AI has been about
calculating results or analyses that seem unusually advanced. More recently, AI has
been extended to include visual recognition such as being able to identify faces and
read text in images.
Generative AI is much newer, and it’s called “generative” because it isn’t just about
calculating or recognizing — it can create entirely new content. You saw this in
Lesson 1 when you used Generative Fill to extend a photo into an empty area, con-
vincingly, in seconds. Traditionally, you’d do this kind of image extension by hand
using a cloning tool to copy image content to the empty area, but there was always
the risk of areas being obvious repetitions of something else in the image, and it
took a significant amount of time.
The ability of generative AI to seemingly invent completely new photorealistic
images or write new text or music seems miraculous or magical, but in reality,
generative AI only knows what to create based on its model of the problem and how
well that model has been trained. Generative AI models are trained using very large
sets of examples. Generative AI in Photoshop is trained on hundreds of millions of
images. Because the quality of generative AI depends on its training, generative AI
is constantly improving as the models are trained on more examples.
Generative AI is used not only in Photoshop but throughout many Adobe applica-
tions and services. For example, anyone can try generative AI in Adobe Express, a
set of easy-to-use creative tools that work in a mobile app or web browser. Adobe
gave their overall generative AI technology its own name, Adobe Firefly, and added
Firefly capabilities into many of their applications including Photoshop.
There are some guidelines and restrictions for using Firefly generative AI; see
www.adobe.com/legal/licenses-terms/adobe-gen-ai-user-guidelines.html.

How does Photoshop use generative AI?

Adobe Firefly generative AI is so useful that it appears in different forms throughout
Photoshop so that it can help solve a range of challenges. You’ll find generative AI in
places including:
Contextual Task Bar. After you create a selection marquee using any tool or
method, the Contextual Task Bar offers a button such as Generative Fill or Generate
Image; you learned this in Lesson 2. When the Contextual Task Bar is hidden or
when the document context (such as the layer type selected in the Layers panel)

390 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

doesn’t display generative AI options, generative AI features are still available in
other ways.
Edit menu. On the Edit menu, you’ll find the Generative Fill, Generate Image, and
(in some versions) Generative Workspace commands. You’ll learn about all three of
those later in this lesson.
Options bar. Some tools contain generative AI options. The Remove tool you tried
in Lesson 2 has a Mode menu that includes generative AI options that can improve
the results. In Lesson 5, you learned that the Crop tool has a Generative Expand
option for filling empty areas created by cropping and straightening.
Many of these features didn’t exist a few years ago, and people are finding new uses
for generative AI all the time. Don’t be surprised if there are even more generative
AI features in Photoshop by the time you read this.
In earlier lessons, you used generative AI to repair or extend images. That use of
generative AI is as a production tool to improve images you created or already have.
Now it’s time to try using generative AI the other way: to create whole new images!

Getting started
You’ll use generative AI to complete a document that helps promote an earlier
start time for breakfast service at a restaurant. The document needs to be easy to
• Note: If Bridge
isn’t installed, the
File > Browse In Bridge
adapt for the different ways the restaurant wants to promote the service, so it’s been command in Photoshop
designed as a tall, narrow document so that it can easily be exported for posting on will start the Creative
vertical format social media feeds, and it also matches a common size for an ad in a Cloud desktop app,
which will download
print publication. and install Bridge. After
1 Start Photoshop, and then simultaneously hold down Ctrl+Alt+Shift (Windows) installation completes,
you can start Bridge.
or Command+Option+Shift (macOS) to restore the default preferences. (See For more information,
“Restoring default preferences” on page 5.) see page 3.

2 When prompted, click Yes to delete the Adobe Photoshop Settings file.
3 Choose File > Browse In Bridge to open Adobe Bridge.
• Note: If Photoshop
displays a dialog box
telling you about the
4 In Bridge, click Lessons in the Favorites panel. Double-click the Lesson15 folder difference between
in the Content panel. saving to Cloud
Documents and
5 Compare the files 15_Start.psd and 15_End.psd. On Your Computer, click
Save On Your Computer.
6 In Bridge, double-click the 15_Start.psd file to open it in Photoshop. If the You can also select
Embedded Profile Mismatch dialog box appears, click OK. Don’t Show Again,
but that setting will
7 Save the document as 15_Working.psd in the Lesson15 folder. If the Photoshop deselect after you reset
Format Options dialog box appears, click OK. Photoshop preferences.

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 Generating a complete image
• Note: The examples
of generative AI images
In earlier lessons, you used generative AI to enhance existing images. Another
popular use of generative AI is to create entirely new images. The 15_Start.psd
in this lesson may differ
document needs an appealing image of a breakfast.
from the results you
get, in part because, You do have to think about how appropriate generative AI is for the project you’re
over time, Adobe Firefly
working on. This project promotes a general breakfast service and not a specific
generative AI is likely to
be updated and trained named dish, so a generative AI image may be acceptable; but always check with the
with more images to client. If the promotion was about a specific item on the menu, it would be much
improve the results. better to commission a photograph of what that menu item actually looks like.

The lesson file has two layers. The bottom layer, Gradient Fill, is a radial gradient
that goes from transparent in the center to black at the edge. If you want to
inspect how it’s set up, in the Layers panel select the Gradient Fill layer, and then

392 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

in the Tools panel select the Gradient tool so that the Properties panel displays
Gradient Adjustment options. The gradient is transparent in the center so that after
you generate an image and move it to the bottom of the layer stack, you’ll be able to
see the image through the gradient.
The top layer, Breakfast Ad Text, was created in Photoshop as a separate document ▶ Tip: Because the
and saved as a Photoshop PDF to maintain its vector outlines. It was then brought vector text outlines in
the Breakfast Ad Text
into this lesson file using the File > Place Embedded command, which adds it to the layer are preserved in
Layers panel as an embedded Smart Object. Photoshop PDF format,
the text edges remain
If the document contained a pixel layer and it was selected, the Contextual Task Bar smooth if you scale up
might offer a Generate Image button. Neither of the existing layers is a pixel layer that Smart Object layer.
(one is an embedded Smart Object layer and the other is a gradient fill layer), but
that’s not a problem; you can still use generative AI from the Edit menu.
1 Choose Edit > Generate Image.
2 In the Generate Image dialog box, click in the “Describe…” prompt box, type ▶ Tip: The prompt
healthy breakfast to describe the image for it to generate, and then click in step 2 uses just two
words, but it’s common
Generate. If a message appears asking you to read and agree to the Generative for a prompt to use
AI User Guidelines, click Agree when you’re ready. more words to get the
image you want.

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 Generating images may take some time. When it finishes, you’ll see that:
• On the canvas, the empty selection is replaced with new content.
• In the Layers panel, a new Generative Layer was created, and the name of the
layer is the prompt you entered.

• Note: If you don’t

see the Variations
• In the Properties panel, as long as a generative layer is selected, a Variations
section offers alternatives you can click to try. The selected variation is the
section, it may be out
of view, especially on one you see on the canvas.
a smaller display. Try
scrolling the Properties
panel to bring the
Variations panel up and
into view.

3 In the Layers panel,

drag the Healthy
Breakfast layer to the
bottom of the layer
stack so that you
can see the design
working as intended,
showing the text and
radial gradient in
front of the image.

394 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

4 In the Variations section of the Properties panel, click the other variations in ▶ Tip: Variations
turn, and leave selected the variation you think is the best. are saved with the
document, so if you
think the document
file size is too large,
delete any variations
you are sure you don’t
want to keep.

5 Save the document.

Refining a generative layer

It’s common for the first results of a prompt to be too far from the image you actu-
ally want. Photoshop offers ways to make the results closer to what you want.
1 In the Variations section of the Properties panel,
hover over the first variation and click the
ellipsis (…) menu. You don’t have to click any of
the options, but note what they are:
• Generate Similar creates another set of
variations for the same prompt.
• Remove Background attempts to isolate the subject and erase the background.
However, manually selecting and removing the background might work better.
• Good, Poor, and Report don’t change the current variation but are a way of
providing feedback to Adobe about the quality of the results of generative AI.

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 Another way to change the results is to change the prompt.

▶ Tip: The Enter 2 In the Properties panel, click in the Prompt

or Return key is a box, enter a variation on “healthy breakfast”
shortcut for clicking
the Generate button. by adding descriptive words, click Generate,
and select the variation you like the most. We
entered healthy breakfast with pancakes
and blueberries.
So far the variations are photorealistic. Next
you’ll choose a more illustrative style that you
can customize.
3 Click the second icon below the Prompt box
to open style options, select Art, and select
a specific look from the Effects category. We
clicked All, and then selected Art Deco.
4 Click Generate and select the variation that works best with the design.

396 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

5 Click the first icon below the Prompt box to open Reference Image options.
Select one of the images (we selected the first one), click Generate, and select
the variation you like the most. These results were influenced by the style of the
reference image you selected.

How is Reference Image different than the Effects? Selecting a reference image is a
way for you to influence variations using any image. The images in the Gallery are
simply examples, but a great use of Reference Image is for generating art based on
your personal style. To do this, open Reference Image options, click the Replace
Image button, and select an image that represents your style. Of course, you can also
use Reference Image to generate art based on a style you want to emulate, such as a
client’s style.
Take a look at the icons for Reference Image and Style Effects and remember them,
because they appear in other places in Photoshop where you can use generative AI.
For example, those options are also available on the Contextual Task Bar for genera-
tive fill and in the Generative Workspace dialog box (see the sidebar “Save time with
Generative Workspace” on page 399).

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 6 Feel free to continue to explore
Firefly generative AI.
For 15_End.psd, we went with one
of the photographic variations.
Don’t expect to match our results
exactly because the Firefly model
and training may change over time.
Just create and select a variation
that you think works the best for
the promotional image.
7 When you’re done, save and close
the document.

• Note: At the time

this lesson is being
The document is now ready to save
or export copies for various media
written, the maximum
pixel dimensions using workflows you’ve learned in
of a generative AI earlier lessons, such as exporting
image in Photoshop for the web, printing on your own
is 2000 × 2000 pixels.
printer, or exporting for a print
If you use generative
AI on larger areas, the service provider.
2000 × 2000 pixel result
will be scaled up.

About generative credits

Generative AI requires significant computing power. Sometimes it can all be
done on your computer. Other times, the fastest way to generate the results is for
Photoshop to send the prompt and image to Adobe Firefly on a Creative Cloud
server where the results are generated using a much more powerful computer, and
then on your computer, Photoshop receives the results and integrates them with
your Photoshop document.
It takes a lot of cloud computing power to run generative AI, so Adobe came up
with a system to manage server usage called Generative Credits. Creative Cloud
members receive a certain number of Generative Credits every month. The number
of credits you get depends on the Creative Cloud plan used by you or your school
or organization. If you run out of Generative Credits before the end of a month, you
can continue to use Generative Fill, but it may run more slowly because your jobs
will have a lower priority. If you need to restore performance priority, it’s possible
to purchase more credits. For more information, including how to see the number
of generative credits you have in the current month, see helpx.adobe.com/firefly/
using/generative-credits-faq.html.
Adobe continues to work out how to best provide generative AI services, so
Generative Credits policies may change or improve over time.

398 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

Save time with Generative Workspace
Choose Edit > Generative Workspace to open a dialog box that offers a more efficient, streamlined
way to create the images you want.
Check your work.
Generative Workspace
remembers your prompts
and results on a timeline,
so if you want to better
understand how you created
a certain set of images, you
can roll back the timeline to
take a closer look at what
you entered and how you
refined it.
Generate in parallel.
You can quickly generate
different sets of variations in
parallel. Instead of waiting
for the results of a prompt
before trying another
prompt, you can apply mul-
tiple prompts, and each set
of variations appears in the
timeline when they’re ready.
Generate specific varia-
tions in a single prompt.
If you want to see slight
variations on a prompt, you
can type variables within brackets, separated by commas. For example, you could enter “breakfast
[sausage, vegetarian, oatmeal, pancakes]” and Firefly will generate four breakfasts modified by each of
the variables.
Easily open variations as documents or add to open documents. If you hover the pointer over a
variation, a check box appears. Click the check box to select that variation. When at least one check
box is selected, a Contextual Task Bar appears. Click Open to open the variation as a new Photoshop
document, or click Add To to add the variation to an open Photoshop document as a layer.
Edit the timeline. Other buttons on the Contextual Task Bar, or that appear on a variation when you
hover over it, offer other options such as liking, downloading, or deleting an image. A filter icon at the
top lets you constrain the list to certain criteria; for example, you can filter the timeline to show you
only images you liked.

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 Popular questions about generative AI
Generative AI is unlike most other software features because it raises many ques-
tions across a number of areas that aren’t technical. This is largely because genera-
tive AI is not a simple program or algorithm. The fact that generative AI is trained
on millions of images causes people to ask questions such as:
• Did the creators of the images in the training set give permission to use their
images for generative AI training?
• Are the creators of the images in the training set compensated for the use of
their images?
• Can generative AI images be used in commercial jobs?
• Is there a way to tell if generative AI was used to falsify part or all of an image?
Adobe Firefly generative AI and Photoshop address those questions as explained
below so that you can create with confidence.

How rights are cleared for the training images

Generative imagery is created by training software models using large numbers of
images. Some AI services may train using found images without securing appropri-
ate usage rights. Rights issues may lead to legal liability, so some companies and
organizations may avoid using work created by services that can’t provide informa-
tion on training image rights. Adobe Firefly generative AI is designed to be “com-
mercial safe” in part because it’s trained using images where usage rights are known,
such as images from the Adobe Stock collection and images in the public domain.
(Note: In the United States, the term public domain has a specific legal definition
involving the intentional release or normal expiration of copyright and is not the
same as a copyrighted image being publicly viewable online.) For more information,
see helpx.adobe.com/firefly/faq.html#training-data.
Adobe does not train on any Creative Cloud subscriber’s personal content.
At the enterprise level, Adobe offers intellectual property indemnity for Adobe
Firefly. If you or an enterprise client are interested in more details about Firefly
indemnity, do a web search for the document “Firefly Legal FAQs – Enterprise
Customers” and download the one with the most recent date.

400 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

Compensating contributors to the training set
Adobe Stock is one of the sources used to train Firefly, and Adobe Stock images
come from voluntary contributors. Submitting images to Adobe Stock requires
agreeing to terms that give Adobe permission to create and train Firefly models with
those images. In addition, an Adobe Stock bonus compensation plan provides a way
for Adobe Stock contributors to be paid for the use of their images for generative
AI training. For more information, see: helpx.adobe.com/stock/contributor/help/
firefly-faq-for-adobe-stock-contributors.html

Detecting the use of generative AI

Another issue is being able to determine whether an image is original or contains
generative AI content. Adobe is part of an industry-wide effort called the Content
Authenticity Initiative (contentauthenticity.org). This includes an effort to create an
open, global standard for sharing image metadata (information) that can include
creator attribution, includes generative AI transparency (letting people know that
generative AI was used for at least part of the image), and is tamper-evident (so you
can know if the metadata was altered).
Adobe is developing a Content Credentials feature that supports the Content
Authenticity Initiative. For more information and links about how Content Creden-
tials work and how they relate to Photoshop, see helpx.adobe.com/creative-cloud/
help/content-credentials.html.
For example, if you use Firefly generative AI in an image and choose File >
Export > Export As, a Content Credentials section at the bottom right corner of
the Export As dialog box tells you that a Content Credential will automatically be
applied and lets you preview what it will say if someone else decides to inspect
the credential.

Exploring the possibilities

This lesson is only an introduction to the power of Firefly generative AI. As you
learn to use it, you’ll probably think of more ways to use it to brainstorm, visualize,
and possibly create finished art.
Remember that generative AI doesn’t have to be completely synthetic. You can com-
bine it with other images and photographs in Photoshop, and you can generate AI
images where your own creativity still comes through. For example, you can apply a
Reference Image of your work to a prompt, or you can generate an image and then
stylize it yourself using Photoshop brushes as you did in Lesson 10. Have fun!

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 About Neural Filters
• Note: Adobe may
update Neural Filters
Neural Filters are similar to generative AI but are more constrained and focused
on specific tasks. To use them, choose Filter > Neural Filters. A list of filters appears;
after this book is none is applied until you enable the toggle switch for a filter. It may be necessary to
published, so the filter download some filters before using them. When a filter is enabled and selected, its
list and options you options appear to the right of the filter list, and a large preview is to the left of the
see may depend on the
filter list. Some examples of Neural Filters are:
version of Photoshop
you use. Smart Portrait can do things like change a smile or which ways eyes are looking.
Photo Restoration can quickly remove defects such as dust, creases, and scratches,
and enhance old portraits.
Harmonization can help visually blend layers to look more consistent.

• Note: Some
Neural Filters may be
Super Zoom can apply AI upscaling to create a higher resolution enlargement from
a low resolution source image, with better quality than traditional upsampling.
labeled Beta, which
means they function At the bottom of the Neural Filters dialog box, the Output menu lets you use the
but are still under results in different ways, such as a rendered layer, a Smart Filter, or a new document.
development. You can Neural Filters can be a lot of fun to play with, and may help you solve specific image
use them, but when editing challenges.
the finished version is
released, those filters
may produce different
results or some options
may be different.

The Colorize Neural Filter is a quick way to add color to a scan of an old monochrome
photograph.

402 LESSON 15 Exploring Generative AI

Review questions
1 Where in Photoshop can you find generative AI features?
2 What feature/command name creates an entirely new picture (instead of altering an
existing picture)?
3 What are at least three ways to improve a generative AI result that isn’t quite right?
4 How can you make a generative AI result more like your own personal creative style?
5 Why are Adobe Firefly generative AI images called “commercial safe”?

Review answers
1 You can find generative AI features in the Contextual Task Bar (under certain
conditions), on the Edit menu, and on the options bar when some tools are selected.
2 Generate Image.
3 You can select a different variation, change the prompt text, apply effects, and apply a
reference image.
4 Apply a reference image using an image that represents your personal style.
5 Adobe Firefly images are trained on images where the rights either have been secured
or are not an issue because the images are legally in the public domain.

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 INDEX

SYMBOLS opening images from 296

2 Up Vertical command 373 previewing a file 140, 274
32 Bits/Channel mode 315 Adobe Camera Raw
about 295
A adjusting white balance in 300
actions Before/After Views button 297, 302
playing 350 cameras supported by 296
recording 346–351 Clone tool 318
sets 346 deleting documents 297
Actions panel 346 file formats for saving changes 314
Add Artboard button 354 filmstrip 317
Add Audio option 279 as a filter 323
Add Layer Mask button 133 gradient masks 328
Add Media button 278 Heal tool 318
Add Noise filter 247 histogram 306
masking 297
Adjustment Brush tool 244
masks panel 320
adjustment layers
Open as Object button 311
about 114–115
Black & White 62 profiles 299
Curves 126–127 Raw Details 307
Hue/Saturation 114, 218 Remove tool 318
Levels 142 saving files from 309–310
to part of a layer 243 Select Background 305, 328
Adobe After Effects 314 Select Objects 328
Adobe Bridge Select People 305, 324, 328
about 44 Select Sky 305, 328
for inspecting files 40 Select Subject 305, 328
installing 3 Super Resolution 307
Load Files into Photoshop Layers synchronizing settings across
command 231 images 308
opening files in Camera Raw version 294
from 296 workspace 297, 298
opening files in Photoshop from 44 Adobe Capture 222

404 INDEX
Adobe Creative Cloud designing with 120
installing applications 3 Libraries panel import 103
mobile apps 222 licensing 120
portfolio online 384 Search Adobe Stock command 95
Adobe Creative Cloud desktop AI 390. See also Adobe Firefly
application 3, 7 alpha channels 163
Adobe DNG (Digital Negative) file format anchor points 209, 212
296, 314, 315, 329 animating
Adobe Express 390 Pan & Zoom effect 285
Adobe Firefly 10, 390 position 281
commercial use 400 text 281–284
compensation plan for contributors 401 animation, frame 288
effects 396
anti-aliasing 76
generative layer 394
Apple iPad 67, 68
prompt 393
applying an edit 15
reference image 397
refining 395 arrow keys, nudging with 75–76
training 400 artboards
Adobe Fonts 4, 26, 188, 199, 202 about 352
Adobe Generator 352 adding 354
duplicating 352
Adobe Illustrator 208, 314
exporting 360
Adobe InDesign 191, 314
mobile devices and 355
Adobe Lightroom 12
presets for sizes 354
Adobe Lightroom Classic 312–313
resizing 357
Adobe PDF (Portable Document Format)
Artboard tool 354, 357
Photoshop PDF format 199
audio, in a video timeline
printing on press 378
adding 279
Adobe Photoshop
fading 280
installing 3
muting 280–281
new features 2
resetting default preferences 10 Audio track 279
starting 4, 10 Auto-Align Layers 152
work area 10–41 automating tasks 346–352
Adobe Photoshop Classroom in a Book Auto-Select option 116
(2025 release) AVIF file format 314, 315
about 1
lesson files and Web Edition 5 B
prerequisites 2 background layer
Adobe Portfolio 384–386 about 90, 92
Adobe Raw profile 299 converting to a regular layer 92, 348
Adobe RGB 369 erasing 95
Adobe Stock 12 background, removing 163

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 barrel distortion, correcting 147 brush presets
batch processing. See actions exporting 262
bitmap images loading 261–264
as used in Photoshop 10 painting with 264–266
vs. vector graphics 206–207 Brush Settings panel 255
black and white, converting color images Brush tool
in Camera Raw 299 about 32
in Photoshop 62 Paint Symmetry 267
black point 303 buttons, as web graphics
Black & White adjustment layer 62 creating 333–352
Blend Images Together option 141 duplicating 341
blending modes
applying to layers 99 C
deciding which to use 100 calibration, monitor 370
definition 98 Calibration panel, in Camera Raw 305
previewing 99, 100 Camera Raw. See Adobe Camera Raw
Bloat tool in the Liquify filter 239 Canvas Size command 348
blog, Photoshop tips and info 7 center, selecting from 80
blur central processing unit (CPU) 3
Blur Gallery 132
channels. See color channels
Field Blur 130
Character panel 105, 201
Iris Blur 130
character styles 191
Path Blur 130, 131, 133
restore noise 131 checkerboard transparency
Spin Blur 130, 138 indicator 95
Tilt-Shift 130 chromatic aberration 147
Blur Effects panel 131 Clarity, in Camera Raw 317, 323
Blur Gallery 130–131, 132 Classroom in a Book.
borders, adding 95, 116 See Adobe Photoshop Classroom
bounding box 14, 15. See also transform in a Book (2025 release)
controls Clean Brush After Every Stroke
Bridge. See Adobe Bridge icon 258
brightening an image 126–127, 142 Clean Brush option 259
bristle tips, for brushes 254 clipping, gamut 377
Browse In Bridge command 44 clipping masks
brushes about 163, 185
loading with color 259 creating 115, 188–190
presets. See brush presets indicator 189
rotation angle 263 shortcut 189
settings 255 Clone Stamp tool 60
Brushes panel 261 closing a Photoshop file 12

406 INDEX
Cloud Documents color space 368
about 67 combining images
opening 11, 68 using Adobe Bridge 231
saving 68 by dragging layers 93–96
Clouds filter 103 into an HDR merge 315
CMYK color mode, converting to 370 into a panorama 140–143, 315
CMYK color model 367, 368 using Place Embedded/Linked
collaborating commands 14
libraries and 222 with different perspectives 153–156
sharing an image 16 Commit button 86, 101
color committing (applying) an edit 15
additive 368 compositing. See combining images
adjusting for printing 376 Content Authenticity Initiative 401
adjusting overall 51 Content-Aware Crop 144
changing foreground 31 Content-Aware Fill for panoramas 141
channels. See color channels Content-Aware Move tool 60, 158
converting to black and white 62 Content Credentials 401
default text 188 Content panel, in Bridge 45
fonts 201
context menus 91, 98, 119, 190, 199
foreground and background 31
Contextual Task Bar 15, 390
management. See color management
Contrast slider in Camera Raw 303
mixing with the Mixer Brush 258
Control Timeline Magnification slider 277
out-of-gamut 373
Copy command 93
sampling 31, 255
softening edge transitions 76 copying
anti-aliasing edges 76
Color blending mode 100, 240
commands 83
Color Burn blending mode 100
images 119, 373
color casts, removing 51
layers 93, 93–95
color channels 163, 296, 379–381
selected pixels 82, 83
Color Dodge blending mode 100 settings in Camera Raw 308
color gamut. See gamut Copy Merged command 83
Color Grading panel, in Camera Raw 305 corner points 209
color management 367–370, 369–370, 383 Create Video Animation 288
Color Mixer panel, in Camera Raw 305 Create Video Timeline 276
color profile. See profiles, color Creative Cloud. See Adobe Creative Cloud
Color Range command 84, 324 Crop and Straighten Photos command 60
color sampler 375 Crop tool 47–50, 86–87
color samplers, in Camera Raw 297 clearing settings 50
color separations 380 crop shield 50
Color Settings dialog box 369–370 leveling 50
color settings, saving and restoring 6 Cross Fade transition 285

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 Curvature Pen tool 207, 208, 211 duration of video clips, changing 280
curved paths 209
Curve panel, in Camera Raw 305 E
Curves adjustment layer 51, 126 educators, resources for 7
Elliptical Marquee tool
D centering selection 80
Darken blending mode 100 circular selection 74
Darker Color blending mode 100 in Tools panel 66
Decontaminate Colors option 173 emoji fonts 201
defaults Enhance command 327
in Camera Raw 327 Enhance Edge option 71
resetting Photoshop 5, 10 Exclusion blending mode 100
Define Custom Shape command 223 Expand command 73
Define Pattern command 179 Export As command 360, 361
Delete Cropped Pixels option 50 exporting
Denoise, in Camera Raw 327, 328 Adobe Camera Raw edited version
depth of field, extending 150 296, 309–315, 327
Deselect command 72 artboards 360
Detail panel, in Camera Raw 306 brushes 262
Difference blending mode 100 layers as separate files 361
Difference Clouds filter 243 video 286

Direct Selection tool 209, 217 Extras command 76

Discover panel 6 Eyedropper tool 31, 32, 255
discretionary ligatures 201 eye icon, in the Layers panel 91
distortions, correcting 153
DNG. See Adobe DNG (Digital Negative)
F
file format face adjustments
with healing tools 318
docking panels 30
with Liquify filter 128, 234
document size, displaying 16, 118
Face-Aware Liquify filter 128
document window
fading audio 280
fitting image to 81
scrolling 20 Farrer, Lisa 424
status bar 18 Faulkner, Andrew 270
dots per inch (dpi) 49 Feather command 76
drag-and-drop importing 103 feathering 76
Drop Shadow layer style 343, 348 Field Blur 130
drop shadows 110–111, 112 file formats. See name of format
duplicating file size 49
buttons 341–345 fills
images 119, 373 foreground color 117
layers 341 gradient 106

408 INDEX
 pattern 179 Freeform Pen tool 207
shape layer 207 Free Transform command 232, 234
Solid Color layer 29 moving with 237
filmstrip, in Camera Raw 297 options bar settings 355
filters resizing with 101
adding clouds with 102 rotating with 193
Add Noise 247 Free Transform Path command 177
Difference Clouds 243
in Camera Raw 323 G
Liquify 234–235 gamut, color
Neural Filters 402 clipping 377
Smart Filters. See Smart Filters colors outside of 373–374
Smart Sharpen 61, 347 defined 367
Find. See Search command Gamut Warning 373–374
Find Distractions 84 Generate Image command 391, 393
Fit On Screen command 81 generative AI 390. See also Adobe Firefly
Hand tool shortcut 80 Generative Credits 398
Flatten Image command. See flattening Generative Expand 144, 391
flattening 52, 118, 378 Generative Fill 36–38, 57–59
Focus Area command 84 Generative Fill command 391
fonts generative layer 394
alternates 201
Generative Workspace 391
changing in the options bar 26
Generator. See Adobe Generator
color 201
GIF animation 288
emoji 201
GIF format 90, 288
Font Similarity 199
formats 184 Global Light option 110
installing 4 Glyphs panel 200, 201
OpenType format 201 Go To First Frame button 279
PostScript format 201 GPU. See graphics processing unit (GPU)
previewing in context 187 Gradient Fill layer 392
selecting 186 gradients
special characters 200 editing 109
TrueType format 184 listing by name 107
variable 201 masks in Camera Raw 328
Font Similarity option 199 Gradients panel 108
Foreground and Background colors 31, 108 Gradient tool 108
forum, Photoshop community 7 Graham, Jay 312, 424
four-color printing (CMYK) 368 graphics processing unit (GPU) 3
fractions 201 grid
frames 333 in Camera Raw 297
Frame tool 333 in Lens Correction filter 148

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 guides interface. See user interface
adding 185 International Color Consortium
ruler 338 (ICC) 368
Smart Guides 226 iPad OS 67, 68
iPhone, designing for 354
H Iris Blur 130
Hand tool 17, 80 Isolate Layers command 99
Hard Light blending mode 100
Hard Mix blending mode 100 J
HDR, in Camera Raw JPEG file format
HDR editing 309, 314, 315 Camera Raw and 296, 309, 314
HDR merge 315 compared to other formats 314
Healing Brush tool 60 Export As 360
Heal tool, in Camera Raw 297, 318 type quality 199
Help, Photoshop 7 web design 352
hiding JPEG XL file format 314, 315
layers 94
selection edges 76–77 K
HiDPI 49, 362 Kent, Lynette 270

histogram keyboard shortcuts

customizing 260
Camera Raw 297, 306
duplicating 82
in Curves and Levels adjustment
layers 52 keyframes
animating with 281
History panel 243–248
appearance of 281
Home screen 11
moving to the next or previous 282
Horizontal Type tool 26, 105, 186
Kost, Julieanne 7, 168, 190, 207, 260
Hue blending mode 100
Hue/Saturation adjustment layers 218 L
Large Document Format 314
I
Lasso tools 66, 77–78
Illustrator. See Adobe Illustrator
layer comps 118
importing. See also Place Embedded
layer effects
command, Place Linked command
adding 110–115
audio 279
updating 116
embedded Smart Objects 351
layers
multiple files from Bridge 231
about 90
InDesign. See Adobe InDesign
adding 102–103
Info panel 333, 338, 374 Background 92
inkjet printers 382 blending modes 98–99
Inner Shadow layer style 189 converting Background 92, 348
installing the software 3 copying 93–95

410 INDEX
 copying and centering 94, 97 Layer Via Copy command 132, 136
copying and merging 83 leading 198
copying and pasting 93 learning resources for Adobe
copying to other 93 Photoshop 6
deleting 137
Learn tutorials 12
duplicating 98, 132, 341
Lee, Megan 268
effects. See layer effects;
See also layer styles Lens Correction filter 147–149
exporting individually 361 lens flaws, correcting 147–149
flattening 118, 119 lesson files, accessing 5
generating images from 352 Levels adjustment layers 52–53, 142
groups 338 Libraries, Creative Cloud
hiding and showing 91, 94, 95 Adobe Stock 103
linking 101–103 color swatches 103
locking 91
images 103
masks 163
layer styles 111
merging visible 118
linked Smart Objects 222
opacity 98
mobile apps 222
overview 90
Libraries panel 120
painting 240
rearranging 96–98 licensing, Adobe Stock 120
renaming 93 ligatures 201
resizing 101–103 Lighten blending mode 100
rotating 101 lightening an image 126–127, 142
saving in GIF or JPEG formats 90 Lighter Color blending mode 100
showing and hiding 94
Light panel, in Camera Raw 303
styles. See layer styles
Lightroom. See Adobe Lightroom
thumbnail icons 91
Classic
transforming 101
transparency 98–99 Lightroom photos online storage 41
type 105 Linear Burn blending mode 100
Layers panel Linear Dodge blending mode 100
filtering 99 linear gradients 102–104
overview 91–92 Linear Light blending mode 100
layer styles Liquify, Face-Aware filter 128
adding to type 189 Liquify filter 234–235
applying 106–109, 110–113
Load Files Into Photoshop Layers
in Creative Cloud Libraries 111
command 231
Drop Shadow 110, 113, 343, 348
local adjustment 243
overview 106, 110
presets 225 low resolution images, upscaling 249
Satin 113 luminance mask 84, 328
Stroke 112, 344 Luminosity blending mode 100

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 M mobile devices
machine learning 57, 66, 165, 202, 249, designing for, with artboards 355
303, 328 using with libraries 222
macros. See actions monitor calibration 370
Magic Wand tool 66, 70–71 More Image Settings, in Camera
Magnetic Lasso tool 66, 79–80 Raw 327

magnification. See Zoom tool motion blur effects 131

document 18–20 Motion panel 285
Timeline panel 277 Move tool
magnifying glass. See Zoom tool Auto-Select option 116
mandalas, painting 267 moving selections 72
scissors icon 81
marching ants. See selection marquee
moving
marquee tools 66
layers. See Move tool
masks 162
panels 30
on adjustment layers 243
selections 72–73
in Adobe Camera Raw 320
Multiply blending mode 100
in Camera Raw 305
muting audio 280–281
channel 163
creating 133, 163–166
luminance 84
N
overview 162 navigating
refining 168–173 in Camera Raw 297
using the Navigator panel 20
compared to selections 162
terminology 163 Navigator panel 20
vector 163 Neural Filters 129, 402
Match Font command 202 New Window command 373
megapixels 48 noise reduction 327
merging noise reduction, in Camera Raw 328
images into a panorama 140 nondestructive filters 234
images to extend depth of field 150 notes. See also Note tool
images with different deleting 199
perspectives 153–156 Notes panel 197
layers 118 Note tool 197
mistakes, correcting 34–41 nudging layers 359
Mixer Brush tool nudging selected pixels 75
about 254
cleaning the brush 259 O
Mixer tab, in Camera Raw 305 Object Selection tool 73–74, 133
mixing colors on-image adjustment tool. See targeted
with a photograph 261 adjustment tool
with Mixer Brush tool 258 opacity, changing 98–99

412 INDEX
opening images in Camera Raw 296 Paste in Place command 83
Open Object button in Camera Paste Into command 83, 250
Raw 311 Paste Outside command 83
OpenType font format 184, 201 Paste Profile Mismatch dialog box 248
OpenType SVG 201 Paste Without Formatting
options bar 15 command 83, 197
reference point icon 355 pasting layers 93
setting type options in 26 Patch tool 60
organizing photos 312–313 Path Blur 130–131, 133
out-of-gamut color 373–374 paths
output options, Neural Filters 399 about 207
output resolution, determining 49 adding type to 191–192
Overlay blending mode 99, 100 closing 209
compared to shapes 215
P converting to/from selection 218
P3 color space 369 drawing 208–213
painting drawing curved segments 209
layers 240 drawing straight segments 209
wetness options 256 editing 217
with the Mixer Brush tool moving 217
252–266 saving 209
painting gallery 268 work path 209
Paint Symmetry option 267 Path Selection tool 217
panels Paths panel 210
adding to another group 30 patterns
defined 15 Pattern command 179
docking 30 Pattern Preview command 177
floating 30–31 Patterns panel 225
resizing 30 patterns, creating 176
undocking 30 Pavlov, Victoria 269
panning with the Navigator panel 20 PDF. See Photoshop PDF file format
panoramas Pen tool. See also paths
in Camera Raw 315 drawing paths 208–212
in Photoshop 140–143 keyboard shortcut 207
Pan & Zoom option 285 overview 207–208, 209
Paper Color option 372 as selection tool 208
paper, simulating white 372 setting options 210–211
paper size, print 382 People in Background command 84
paragraph styles 191 people masks, in Camera Raw 324
paragraph type 186 Perspective Warp command 153
Paste command 93 Photomerge 140–143

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 photo restoration, manual 54–55 presets
Photoshop PDF file format 199, 314, 381 artboard 354
Photoshop Raw format (not camera brush 261–264
raw format) 314 in Camera Raw 297, 300, 327
pincushion distortion 147 Curves panel 126
Gradients panel 108
Pin Light blending mode 100
overview 35–36
pixel dimensions 48
shapes 221
pixels
Styles panel 225
compared to vector graphics 206
previewing
defined 10
colors for printing 370
path tools option 215
edits in dialog boxes 61
resolution and 48
files in Adobe Bridge 45
pixels per inch 48
fonts in context 187
Placed Linked command 334
printing
Place Embedded command 188, 351, CMYK model and 368–369
352, 393 on a desktop printer 382
placeholders 333 identifying out-of-gamut color 373–374
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file for inkjet printers 382
format 314, 352 preparing images for 378
Point Color tab, in Camera Raw 305 for press 365–387
point type proofing images onscreen 370–373
defined 186 printing inks, simulating onscreen 372
distorting 194–195 process colors 368
Polygonal Lasso tool 66 profiles, Adobe Raw 299, 316
Polygon tool 176 profiles, color
portfolio. See Adobe Portfolio CMYK 379
position, animating in video 281 display (monitor) 370
PostScript font format 201 ICC 368
ppi (pixels per inch) 48 printer 371
preferences prompt 393
Camera Raw 297 Proof Color 374
Export 361 proofing images 370–373
gamut-warning color 373 Properties panel 15–16, 108
History States 248 artboard editing 354
opening 22 Curves adjustment 51
restoring defaults 5, 10 targeted adjustment tool 62
searching 22 type settings 187
Units & Rulers 22, 333 proxy icon 355
Preserve Details (Enlargement) PSB (Large Document Format) 314
option 249 PSD (Photoshop) format 296, 314
Preserve Numbers option 371 public domain 400

414 INDEX
Pucker tool in the Liquify filter 239 best practices 313
Puppet Warp command 174 bitmap images vs. vector graphics 206
Camera Raw 298, 310
Q Crop tool option 47
Quick Mask mode 84, 163 increasing 249
Quick Selection tool 66, 71, 165 professional printing 378
Retina/HiDPI scale factors 362
R screens of high and low 352, 362
radial symmetry 267 text 203
RAM (random access memory) 3 responsive design 353
range masks, in Camera Raw 328 Retina resolution 49, 362
raster images, overview 206 retouching a portrait, in Camera
Raw 316
rate images, in Camera Raw 297
retouching/repairing
Raw Details, in Camera Raw 307, 327
removing blemishes 53–54
raw profiles 305
with the Remove tool 53–57
recording actions 346–350
Return To Adobe Photoshop
Rectangular Marquee tool 66, 339
command 132
red eye, correcting 124–126
RGB color model 367, 368
Red Eye Removal, in Camera Raw 297
rotating
Red Eye tool 125–126
constraining 78
Redo command 34 layers 101
reference image, for generative AI 397 paths 193
reference point 355 in Puppet Warp 175
Refine Edge. See Select and Mask selections 78
Refine Edge Brush tool 168 stylus 263
Remove tool 53–54, 60 rounded corners, creating 178
Remove tool generative AI option 391 ruler guides 185, 338
Remove tool, in Camera Raw 297, 318 rulers 22, 186
rendering video 286
repositioning selections 74 S
resampling 47 sampling colors 31, 255
Reselect command 75 Satin layer style 113
Reset, in Camera Raw 327 Saturation blending mode 100
resizing. See also scaling saturation, in Camera Raw 303
from center 237 Save for Web (Legacy) command 352.
layers 101 See also Export As command
panels 30 saving documents. See also exporting
proportionally 82 as Cloud Documents 68
resolution flattening and 118–121
about 48–49 as Photoshop PDF format 199, 381
Adobe Stock images 95, 120 Scale to Fit Media print option 382

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 scaling selections. See also selecting
animating 283 in Camera Raw 328
using Crop tool 50 circular 81
document (Image Size command) 48 converting between pixels and
using Free Transform command paths 85, 218
101, 355 copying 83
in Lens Correction filter 148 duplicating 82
low resolution image 249 elliptical 73–81
pattern fills 180 feathering 76
when printing 382 freehand 66, 77–78
proportionally 82 geometric 66
raster (bitmap) images vs. vector hiding edges of 76
graphics 206 moving 72–73, 75, 81–82, 82
using Scale command 82 rotating 78–79
in Sky Replacement 146 showing edges of 76
Screen blending mode 100 softening 76
screening, print 380 selection tools 66–67
scrubbing numeric values 27 separations. See color separations
Search command 6 shapes
Search icon 11, 12, 16 creating your own 223
searching defined 215
Adobe Stock 120 editing 223
Preferences 22 presets 219–222
within Photoshop 11 Share button 16
Select and Mask command 84, 163 Share for Review command 197
selecting. See also selections sharpening
about 66 in Adobe Photoshop 61
adding to selection 72 in Camera Raw 306–307
center point, from 80–81 sholby (artist) 269
by color 66 shortcuts. See keyboard shortcuts
creating from a path 218
shortening video clips 280
high-contrast edges 79–80
Show/Hide Visibility column 95
intersecting with existing 72
side by side documents 93
modifier keys 72, 75
sidecar XMP files 308
new selection 72
non-transparent pixels 84 Single Column Marquee tool 66
skin tones 324 Single Row Marquee tool 66
a subject automatically 84, 165 skin tones, selecting 324
subtracting from 72 Sky command 84
text 116 Sky Replacement command 146
Selection Brush tool 66, 84, 136 Smart Filters 133, 155, 234–237,
selection marquee 76 239, 251

416 INDEX
Smart Guides 28, 82, 223, 226, 233 synchronizing Camera Raw settings 308
Smart Objects system requirements 3
converting layers to 234
editing 236 T
embedded 351 tablet, graphics 255
icon badge 234 tabs, document 15
linked 222
targeted adjustment tool 62
Smart Filters and 234
teachers, resources for 7
Smart Sharpen filter 61, 347
temperature, image color 300
smooth points 209
text. See also type
snapshots, in Camera Raw 297, 327
adding 186
Soft Light blending mode 100
applying edits 187
soft-proofing 370–373 centering 105
Solid Color fill layer 29 creating 26, 105–106
sort, in Camera Raw 297 default color 188
special characters 200 moving 106
spell checking 190 selecting 116, 187
Spin Blur 130, 138 Texture, in Camera Raw 317, 323, 325
Spot Healing Brush tool 53–54, 60 thumbnail icons, layer 91
sRGB IEC61966-2.1 color space 369, TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
371, 383 type quality 199
stacking order, changing 96–98 Tilt-Shift Blur 130
star, creating a 176 timeline, creating 276
starting Photoshop 10 Timeline panel 275
Status Bar 16, 18 changing the magnification 277
Stop Recording button 350 returning to the first frame 279
stopwatch icon in Timeline panel 281 Tint
storage space 3 in Black & White adjustment
Straighten button 47, 144 layers 62
strobe effect 131 in white balance (Camera Raw) 300
Stroke layer style 112, 344 Toggle Last State command 243
strokes 207 Toggle Reference Point option 355
Structure option 158 Tolerance option for Magic Wand tool 70
Styles panel 225 tone, adjusting 51–52
Subject command 84 tools
Super Resolution, in Camera Raw Brush tool 32
307, 327 Clone Stamp tool 60
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) file Content-Aware Move tool 60, 158
format 201 Crop tool 47
swashes 201 Elliptical Marquee 250
symmetry, painting with 267 Eyedropper 31, 255

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 Tools (continued) swashes 201
Healing Brush tool 60 tricks 190
Horizontal Type tool 26 true fractions 201
keyboard shortcuts 207 warping 194–195
Lasso tool 77 typefaces. See fonts
Magic Wand tool 70, 73 Typekit. See Adobe Fonts
Magnetic Lasso tool 77, 79 type layers
Object Selection tool 58, 66, 73 creating new 105, 190
Patch tool 60 selecting contents 190
Polygonal Lasso tool 77
Type tool 26–27
Quick Selection tool 71, 165
Rectangle tool 339
U
Remove tool 53, 60
undocking panels 30
selection 66–67
undoing steps
Spot Healing Brush tool 60
with commands 34–35
using 17–23
with the History panel 243–248
Tools panel. See also tools
selecting and using tools from unit of measure 22
18–24 Units & Rulers command 22
tool tips, displaying 18 Units & Rulers preferences 333
tracing a photo 214 upscaling images 249
tracks, in a timeline 276 Use Global Light command 110
transform controls 78, 93, 101, 102 user interface
transforming 101. See also Free Adobe Camera Raw overview 298
Transform command Photoshop overview 10–12
Transform Selection command 74
transitions, video 285
V
Variable Fonts 201
transparency
adjusting 98–99 Variations 394
blending modes and 100 vector graphics
recognizing (checkerboard) 95 bitmap images vs. 206
Transparency & Gamut preference 373 defined 10
TrueType font format 184, 201 overview 206
tutorials built into Photoshop 11 vector masks 163
type. See also text version, Photoshop 2
aligning 186 Vibrance, in Camera Raw 303
clipping mask 185, 188–190 video
creating 186–187 adding audio to 279
on a path 191–192 adding pan and zoom effects 285–286
overview 184 adding transitions 285–286
resizing 184 clip duration, changing 280
setting options 186 exporting 286

418 INDEX
 groups 279 work area 10–41
overview 274 workflow preferences, Adobe Camera
rendering 286 Raw 297
video card. See graphics hardware workflows
vignetting 147 color-managed 369–371
visibility icon. See eye icon compositing 90
Vivid Light blending mode 100 frame animation 288
prepress 378
W professional photography 312–313
warping video 272
images with the Liquify filter 234 web design 331
perspective 153–156 work path 209
Puppet Warp 174–175 workspaces
type 194–201 Graphics and Web 185
watermark, Adobe Stock 120 Painting 255
Weaver, Gawain 54, 424 Workspaces menu 16
web assets, exporting from layers 361 Workspaces menu 16
web browser, using Photoshop in 68
web design
X
HiDPI 362 XMP files 308
responsive 353
Retina 362 Y
workflow 330 YouTube 287
Web Edition 5
Webster, Kyle T. 267
Z
Zoom option in video 285
wetness options, in painting 256
Zoom tool. See also magnification
White Balance tool, in Camera
in Camera Raw 297
Raw 300–302
shortcuts 168
white point 303
wide gamut 369

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