A PROJECT REPORT ON

“IOT BASED HOME AUTOMOTION SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN

ELETRONICS & TALECOMMUNICATION ENGG.

SUBMITTED TO

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD TECHNICAL OF

EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY,

Name of Student Enrollment No.

Mr. Sahil Tayyab Pathan 2209940417

Mr. Avishkar Pandurang Kadam 2209940392

Mr. Mayur Dattatray Kagade 2209940398

GUIDED BY,
Prof. Bansode .T.M.

Shriram Shikshan Sanstha’s

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 Shriram Institute of Engineering &Technology(Polytechnic), Paniv
Inst. Code: 0994

Academic Year 2023-2024

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled

" IOT BASED HOME AUTOMOTION SYSTEM” was Successfully completed by

student of sixth semester diploma in E&TC Engineering

Name of student Enrollment No.

Mr. Sahil Tayyab Pathan 2209940417

Mr. Avishkar Pandurang Kadam 2209940392
Mr. Mayur Dattatray Kagade 2209940398

In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in Electronics &
Telecommunication and submitted to the department of Electronics & Telecommunication of
Shriram Institute of Engineering &Technology(Polytechnic), Paniv work carried out during a
period for the academic year 2023-24 as per curriculum.

Prof.Bansode.T.M. Prof. Dirange M.H.

(Project Guide) (Hod Of Dept )

Prof. Prof. Khandare P. P

(External Examiner (MSBTE) (Principal)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The satisfaction and Euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mention of people who make it possible. Many are
Responsible for the knowledge and experience we have gained our project and throughout
the course. Technical education has few constraints one among them is project work,
taken up in the final year, which an abstract evaluate of person’s capability in becoming an
engineer.

We would like to thank our guide Miss. Bansode.T.M

for his continuous guidance and polite encouragement that was of prime important during
the completion of this project. We would also like to thank to Prof. Dirange.M.H. HOD
of Electronics & Telecommunication. Engg.

We would also like to thank to our Principal Mr. Khandare P.P and all staff
members who have been helped us directly & indirectly throughout the completion of
project.

Mr. Sahil Tayyab Pathan 2209940417

Mr. Avishkar Pandurang Kadam 2209940392
Mr. Mayur Dattatray Kagade 2209940398
ABSTRACT

This project presents the overall design of Home Automation System (HAS) with low
cost and wireless system. It specifically focuses on the development of an IOT based home
automation system that is able to control various components via internet or be automatically
programmed to operate from ambient conditions. In this project, we design the development
of a firmware for smart control which can successfully be automated minimizing human
interaction to preserve the integrity within whole electrical devices in the home. We used
Node MCU, a popular open source IOT platform, to execute the process of automation.
Different components of the system will use different transmission mode that will be
implemented to communicate the control of the devices by the user through Node MCU to the
actual appliance. The main control system implements wireless technology to provide remote
access from smart phone. We are using a cloud server-based communication that would add
to the practicality of the project by enabling unrestricted access of the appliances to the user
irrespective of the distance factor. We provided a data transmission network to create a
stronger automation. The system intended to control electrical appliances and devices in
house with relatively low cost design, user-friendly interface and ease of installation. The
status of the appliance would be available, along with the control on an android platform. This
system is designed to assist and provide support in order to 1fulfil the needs of elderly and
disabled in home. Also, the smart home concept in the system improves the standard living at
home.
Declaration

We have informed that for our project we will refer the reference material and will do
work. Our group will do total work within given period of time. We will be following
the guidelines provided by the institute in the synopsis of project.

Name &Sign

1] Sahil Tayyab Pathan

2] Avishkar Pandurang
Kadam 3] Mayur Dattatray
Kagade
Project Accepted & Approved By:
1. Mr. Dirange M.H.
2. Mr.Naiknavare M.V.
3. Mr.Dombale A.B.
4. Mr.Kadlaskar N. S.
5. Miss. Thengal K.A.
7. Miss. Chavan A.L.
8. Miss. Shinde A.S.

Allocated Guide: Miss.Bansode.T.M

Table of Content
Sr.No. Content Section
1 Acknowledgment I
2 Abstract II
3 List of Figures III
4 List of Symbols IV

Sr.No. Name of Chapter Page No

Introduction

1.1 About Internet Technology 01

1.2 Earlier Home Automation System 02
1.3 Embedded Systems 03
Chapter 1 1.4 Node Mcu Board 04
1.5 Node MCU ESP8266 Specifications 05
1.6 Applications 06
1.7 Software Used 07
Chapter 2 Literature Survey 09
Aim And Scope
Chapter 3 10
3.1 Aim
3.2 Scope of the Project 10
3.3 Objective 11
Materials And Methods Used
4.1 Hardware Components used and Specifications 12
Chapter 4
4.2 NODE MCU (ESP8266- 12E) 12
4.3 Pinout Configuration 14
4.4 4- Channel Relay Module 15
4.5 Working 17
4.6 Construction 18
4.7 Jumper Wires 22
4.8 5 V 1 Amps AC To DC Adapter 24
4.9 Proposed System 28
4.9.1Circuit Diagram 30
4.9.2 Working Process 31
4.9.3 Code 32
Chapter 5 Results And Discussion

35
5.1 Light Test Results
35
5.2 System Analysis
5.3 Final Circuit Connections 35
Chapter 6 Conclusion 38
Chapter 7 References 39
 “IOT BASED HOME AUTOMOTION SYSTEM”

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 About Internet Of Things

Internet of Things depicts a general concept for the power of network devices to sense and collect
data from the planet around us, then share that data across the Internet whereit can be processed
and applicable for various interesting purposes. Internet of Things isextremely quickly becoming
a reality. We can see the results of it around us. Our devicesare becoming smarter every day from
smart phones to smart TV to smart car to Smart kitchen. Everything is now getting connected to
Internet. Internet of Things (IoT) describesa network of physical objects that hook up with one
another through the web. Objects or ‘things’ can transfer data wirelessly without requiring human
interaction. A ‘thing’ are oftenany object which will be assigned an IP address and given the
power to transfer data overa network.

A Thing, within the Internet of Things (IOT), are often an individual with a cardiac monitor
implant, a livestock with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors toalert the
driving force when tire pressure is low or the other natural or man-made object which will be
assigned an IP address and given the power to transfer data over a network.These devices collect
useful data with the assistance of varied existing technologies then autonomously flow the
information between other devices. Current market examples which includes smart thermostat
systems and washer/dryers that employ Wi-Fi for remotemonitoring.

Internet of Things (IoT) is an architecture that comprises of especial hardware boards, Software
systems, web APIs, and protocols which together creates a seamless environment that allows
smart embedded devices which is to be connected to the web such that sensory data can be
accessed and control system can be activated over internet. Also such devices could be connected
to internet using various means like WiFi, Ethernet and so on. Furthermore devices might not
needed to be connected to internet independently.

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1.2 EARLIER HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

A home automation system generally connects controlled devices to a main server or "interface".
The interface for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tabletor desktop computers, a
mobile application, or an internet interface which will even be accessible off-site through the Internet.
While there are many competing sellers, there are gradually increasing efforts towards open source
systems (OSS). However, there are issues with the presentstate of home automation including a lack of
authorized security measures and deprecation of older devices without backwards compatibility.

Home automation has high potential for sharing data between relations or trusted individuals for private
security and will cause energy saving measures with a positive environmental impact in the future.

Early home automation began with labor-saving machines. Self-contained electric or gas powered home
appliances became viable within the 1900s with the introduction of electrical power transmission and led
to the introduction of washing machines , water heaters , refrigerators, sewing machines, dishwashers, and
garments dryers.

In 1975, the primary general purpose home automation network technology, X10, was developed. It is a
communication protocol for electronic devices. It primarily uses electrical power transmission wiring for
signaling and control, where the signals involves brief frequency bursts of digital data, and remains the
foremost widely available.

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1.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

In these present scenario, the world is becoming more and more digital and using advanced

technologies as like connected and automated. Embedded system is one ofthe advanced technology.

This system is the one which has computer hardware with software embedded in it. The embedded

system is designed to perform a specific task/function. But the task assigned has to be completed in

a given time interval and itis an arrangement in which all its units, assembled work together

according to set of info provided. When the system performs the given tasks at high speed, then it is

usedfor real-time applications. A set of information or code embedded into the micro controller.

The characteristics of the Embedded Systems are:-

 Specific-Functioned

 Tightly constrained

 Reactive and Real time

 Microprocessors based

 Memory

 HW-SW systems

 Accuracy, reliability and adaptability.

Adavantages

 Easily Customizable

 Less power consumption

 Cheap

 Enhanced performance

Disadvantages

 High development effort

 Larger time to market

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1.4 NODE MCU Board

Node MCU is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based
Applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware
which is based on the ESP-12 module.
The Node MCU ESP8266 development board comes with the ESP-12E module containing ESP8266 chip having
Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at
80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock frequency. Node MCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of non-volatile storage
to store data and programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating
features make it ideal for IoT projects. Node MCU are often powered using Micro USB jack and VIN pin
(External Supply Pin). It supports UART, SPI, and I2Cinterface.

Figure 1.3.1 Node MCU Development Board

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NodeMCU ESP8266

Figure 1.3.2 Node MCU ESP8266 Pinout

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1.5 Node MCU ESP8266 SPECIFICATIONS & FEATURES

 Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106

 Operating Voltage: 3.3V
 Input Voltage: 7-12V
 Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
 Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
 UARTs: 1
 SPIs: 1
 I2Cs: 1
 Flash Memory: 4 MB
 SRAM: 64 KB
 Clock Speed: 80 MHz
 USB-TTL supported CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
 PCB Antenna
 Small Sized module to suit smartly inside your IoT projects

Applications of Node MCU

 Prototyping of IoT devices
 Low power battery operated applications
 Network projects
 Projects requiring multiple I/O interfaces with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionalities

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1.6 SOFTWARE USED

Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) is a cross platform application which is written in
the functions from C, C++ and JAVA. The Arduino IDE is also a derivative of Processing IDE. The
Arduino IDE is used for easy to write and upload programs in Arduino boards by using a cable that is
connected between board and IDE. The operating system for Arduino software can be Windows, Mac Os
and Linux depending upon the user. The IDE has a software library from the wiring projects and to
provide a common input and output procedures.

setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can declare and initialize
settings.
loop(): a function that is called repeatedly until the board powers off.

Figure 1.3.2.1 Arduino IDE Setup

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 Programming Node MCU ESP8266 with Arduino IDE

The Node MCU Development Board can be easily programmed with Arduino IDE since it hasan easy
access. Programming Node MCU with the Arduino IDE may hardly take 5-10 minutesor depending
upon the task that is to be performed. All you need is the Arduino IDE, a USB cable and the Node
MCU board.

 ADVANTAGES
Huge documentation and support

Large library collection

Open source software

Easily portable

Less power

consumption Highly

customizable.

 APPLICATIONS

Home Automations

ISP Programming

Entry level circuit designing

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
SURVEY

The expeditiously growing internet has opened new horizons for development in various fields. The home
automation industry has seen a rapid growth in the previous years. It has become a topic of interest for
many people around the world. Vishwateja Mudiam Reddy & Naresh Vinay in their paper “Internet of
Things Enabled Smart Switch” designed a system which integrates the cloud and web app.

With the assistance of flip-flops, logic gates and a processor, the switches might be controlled. The
proposed model was intended for reducing the value of those systems which was the most barrier within
the wide adaptation of this technology. Khusvinder Gill & Shuang-Hua Yang created a common home
gateway for ZigBee and Wi-Fi. This enables a remote control using a simple graphical user interface. The
system was cost effective and had a good security inside the house.Salma and Dr. Radcliffe with a goal of
increasing the popularity and reach of home automation designed a system that used the Novel Network
Protocol. It gave the choice of controlling the commercial devices through a mobile phone or laptop. An
additional network device had been used for remote access in place of a microcontroller.

A reliable and simple system with a power to integrate with very lesser efforts for off the shelf products
was created by Carelin and I. Jacob Raglend. The system uses ZigBee for home automation and GSM for
remote access. It didn’t provide any GUI and also it had been susceptibleto security threats as anyone
could access the system. Rozita Teymourzadeh, Salah Addin Ahmed designed a GSM based system for
home automation. Using the GSM protocol, it became possibleto access the system by using the Short
Message System (SMS). The system also gave feedback to the user about the present state of any
desired object.

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CHAPTER 3
AIM AND SCOPE

3.1 PROJECT AIM:

The aim of the project is to design and construct a home automation system which willremotely switch on or off
any household appliances connected to it, using a microcontroller with a built-in WiFi for WIFI based Web
Application.

3.2 PROJECT SCOPE:

SMART HOMES
In the coming years, fully automated smart homes will surely become a reality because the home automation is
growing rapidly in this tech world. Due to good user convenience and accessibility, smart homes are appealing
for a wide range of people all over the world. The User can checkfor the electricity usage, the condition of their
devices and receive notifications accordingly.
SMART CITIES
With increasing automation and IOT, devices can share info with each other.This will help in building modern
and hi-tech cities. Cities that might be freeform all types of pollutions, traffic accidents, etc. problems.
AGRICULTURE
The proposed system might be used in Agricultural as well. The various devices utilized in fields are often
operated from any remote location.

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3.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project is to implement a very low cost, reliable and scalable homeautomation system
which will be used for remotely switching on or off any home appliance, using a microcontroller to achieve
hardware simplicity low cost built-in wifi module at the receiver end while on the transmitter end, a GUI
application on the cell phone sends ON/OFF commands at the receiver end where loads are connected.

As technology is advancing so houses also are getting smarter. Modern houses are gradually shifting from
conventional switches to centralized system, involving remote controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall
switches located in several parts of the house makes it difficult for the user to travel near them to work. Even
more it becomes harder for the elderly or physically handicapped people to try to do so. Remote controlled
home automation system provides a latest solution with smart phones.

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CHAPTER 4
METHODS AND MATERIAL USED

4.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED AND SPECIFICATION

In this project some hardware components have been used to control the homeappliances. Such
as:
 Node MCU (ESP8266-12E)
 4-Channel Relay Module
 Breadboard
 Jumper Wire
 5 V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter

4.2 NODE MCU (ESP8266- 12E)

The heart of project is the WiFi enabled board that needs no introduction; the ESP8266 based Node MCU
development board. Node MCU is an open-source Lua based software and development board specially
targeted for IoT based Applications. It includes firmwarethat runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif
Systems, and hardware which is predicated on the ESP-12 module.
Node MCU was born out of the desire to overcome the limitations associated with the first versions of the
ESP8266 module which was not compatible with the breadboards, it was difficult to power and had more
difficulty in programming. The Node MCU board is easy touse at a very low cost and that quickly endeared
it to the heart of makers and it is one of the most popular boards today.
Both the firmware and prototyping board designs are open source.
The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The firmware is predicated on the eLua project, and built on
the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, like lua-cjson and SPIFFS.
Thanks to resource constraints, users got to select the modules relevant for their project and build a firmware
tailored to their needs. Supportfor the 32-bit ESP32 has also been implemented.
The prototyping hardware generally used is a circuit board functioning as a dual in-line package (DIP)
which integrates a USB controller with a smaller surface-mounted board

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containing the MCU and antenna. The choice of the DIP format allowed a easier way of prototyping on
breadboards. The design was initially supported on the ESP-12 module ofthe ESP8266, which may be a Wi-
Fi SoC integrated with a Tensilica Xtensa LX106 core,that is widely utilized in IoT applications.
The sole reason for using the Node MCU over RaspberryPi is that the Node MCU has inbuilt Wi-Fi. This
reduces the cost and hence the Node MCU is cheaper than the other devices available in the market. Inbuilt
Wi-Fi helpsin remote access. The system is accessible from any remote location round the world provided
an online connection. Once given an input, the device will still operate albeit there’s no internet access. The
device canbe physically handled as well.
Fig. 4.1.1 Node MCU

FEATURES
 Open-source
 Interactive
 Programmable
 Less cost
 Simple
 Smart
 WI-FI enabled
 Arduino-like hardware IO
 Advanced API for hardware IO, which can dramatically reduce the repeated work for configuring and
manipulating hardware. Code like arduino, but interactively inthe Lua script.
 Nodejs style network API

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4.3 Node MCU Development Board Pin out Configuration

Pin Name Description

Category
Power Micro-USB, Micro-USB: Node MCU can be powered through the USBport
3.3V, GND,
Vin 3.3V: Regulated power supply of 3.3V can be supplied to thispin to
power the board

GND: Ground pins

Vin: External Power Supply

Control EN, RST The pin and the button resets the microcontroller
Pins
Analog Pin A0 Used to measure analog voltage in the range of 0-3.3V
GPIO Pins GPIO1 toNode MCU has 16 general purpose input-output pins on itsboard
GPIO16
SPI Pins SD1, Node MCU has four pins available for SPI communication.
CMD
,SD0, CLK
UART Pins TXD0, Node MCU has two UART interfaces, UART0 (RXD0 & TXD0) and
RXD0 UART1 (RXD1 & TXD1). UART1 is used to upload the
,TXD2, RXD2 firmware/program.

I2C Pins Node MCU has I2C functionality support but due to the internal
functionality of these pins, you have to find which pinis I2C.

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BRIEF About NODE MCU

The Node MCU ESP8266 development board comes with the ESP-12E module containing ESP8266 chip
having Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This microprocessor supports RTOS and
function at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock frequency. Node MCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of non-
volatile storage to store data and programs. Its higher processing power with the in- built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and
Deep Sleep Operating features makes it best for IoT projects.

Node MCU are often powered using the Micro USB jack and VIN pin (External SupplyPin). It supports UART,
SPI, and I2C interface.

Figure 4.1.1.3 Briefing Node MCU

4.4 4- CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

The relay is that device that open or closes the contacts to cause the operation of the opposite electric control. It
detects the intolerable or unwanted condition with an assigned
area and gives the commands to the circuit breaker todisconnect the affected area. Thus isolates the system from
damage.

A simple relay consists of wire coil wrapped around a soft iron core, or solenoid, an iron yoke that delivers a less

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reluctance path for the magnetic lines of forces, a movable iron armature and one or more sets of contacts. The
movable armature is then hinged to the yoke and linked to one or more set of the moving contacts. Held in situ
by a spring, the armature leaves a gap within the magnetic circuit when the relay is de-energized. While in this
position, one of the two sets of contacts is closed while the other set remains open.

When electrical current is passed through a coil, it generates a magnetic flux that successively activates the
armature. This movement of the movable contacts makes or breaks a reference to the fixed contact. When the
relay is de-energized, the sets of contacts that were closed, open and breaks the connection and vice versa if the
contactswere open. When switching off the current to the coil, the armature is returned, by force, to its relaxed
position.

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4.5 Working Principles of RELAY

It works on the principle of an electromagnetic attraction. When the circuit of the relay senses the fault current, it
energies the electromagnetic field which producesthe temporary magnetic field.

This magnetic field moves the relay armature for opening or closing the connections. The small power relay has
only one contacts, and the high power relayhas two contacts for opening the switch.

The inner section of the relay is shown in the figure below. It has an iron core whichis wound by a control coil.
The power supply is given to the coil through the contactsof the load and the control switch. The current flows
through the coil produces the magnetic field around it.

Due to this magnetic field, the upper arm of the magnet attracts the lower arm. Hence close the circuit, which
makes the current flow through the load. If the contactis already closed, then it moves oppositely and hence open
the contacts.

Figure 4.1.2.1 Working of Relay

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4.6 Construction Of RELAY

The relay operates both electrically and mechanically. It consists electromagnetic and sets of contacts which
perform the operation of the switching. The constructionof relay is mainly classified into four groups. They
are the contacts, bearings, electromechanical design, terminations and housing.
 Contacts – The contacts are the most important part of the relay that affectsthe reliability. The good contact
gives limited contact resistance and reducedcontact wear. The selection of the contact material depends upon
the severalfactors like nature of the current to be interrupted, the magnitude of the current to be interrupted,
frequency and voltage of operation.

 Bearing – The bearing may be a single ball, multi-ball, pivot-ball and jewel bearing. The single ball bearing
is used for high sensitivity and low friction. The multi-ball bearing provides low friction and greater
resistance to shock.

 Electromechanical design – The electromechanical design includes the design of the magnetic circuit and
the mechanical attachment of core, yoke and armature. The reluctance of the magnetic path is kept minimum
for making the circuit more efficient. The electromagnet is made up of soft iron, and the coil current is
usually restricted to 5A and the coil voltage to 220V.

 Terminations and Housing – The assembly of an armature with the magnetand the base is made with the
help of spring. The spring is insulated from the armature by moulded blocks which provide dimensional
stability. The fixed contacts are usually spot welded on the terminal link.

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Connectivity Of RELAY

Relay module is being connected directly to digital circuits including microcontroller kits easily to control big loads
by a microcontroller. The inputs IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4operate four relays with voltage between 3-5 volts DC.
Input and output circuits areseparated by Optocouplers to protect digital circuits in case connection mistakes
happened or short circuits.

Figure 4.1.2.3 Connectivity of Relay

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 BREADBOARD

What is BREADBOARD?

A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics and test circuit designs. Most
electronic components in electronic circuits can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the
holes and then making connections through wires where appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal
underneath the board andconnect the holes on the top of the board. The metal strips are laid out as shown below.
Note that the top and bottom rows of holes are connected horizontally and split in the middle while the remaining
holes are connected vertically.
Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makesit easy to use for creating
temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are also
popular with students and in technological education. Older breadboard types did not have this property. A
stripboard (Veroboard) and similar prototyping printed circuit boards, which are used to build semi- permanent
soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot easily be reused. A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by
using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).
Compared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have high parasitic capacitance,
relatively high resistance, and less reliable connections, which are subject to jostle and physical degradation.
Signaling is limited to about 10 MHz, and not everything works properly even well below that frequency.

COMMON USE
A common use in the system on a chip (SoC) era is to obtain an microcontroller (MCU) on a pre-assembled
printed circuit board (PCB) which exposes an array of input/output (IO) pins in a header suitable to plug into a
breadboard, and then to prototype a circuit which exploits one or more of the MCU's peripherals, such as general-
purpose input/output (GPIO), UART/USART serial transceivers, analog-to- digital converter (ADC), digital-to-
analog converter (DAC), pulse-width modulation (PWM; used in motor control), Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI), or I²C.

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TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

 TERMINAL STRIPS

The main areas, to hold most of the electronic components.

In the middle of a terminal strip of a breadboard, one typically finds a notch running in parallel to the long
side. The notch is to mark the centerline of theterminal strip and provides limited airflow (cooling) to DIP
ICs straddling thecenterline[citation needed]. The clips on the right and left of the notch are each connected
in a radial way; typically five clips (i.e., beneath five holes) in a row on each side of the notch are electrically
connected. The five columns on the left of the notch are often marked as A, B, C, D, and E, whilethe ones on
the right are marked F, G, H, I and J. When a "skinny" dual in- line pin package (DIP) integrated circuit
(such as a typical DIP-14 or DIP-16, which have a 0.3-inch (7.6 mm) separation between the pin rows) is
pluggedinto a breadboard, the pins of one side of the chip are supposed to go into column E while the pins of
the other side go into column F on the other sideof the notch.
 BUS STRIPS
To provide power to the electronic components.
A bus strip usually contains two columns: one for ground and one for a supply voltage. However, some
breadboards only provide a single-column power distribution bus strip on each long side. Typically the row
intended for a supply voltage is marked in red, while the row for ground is marked in blue or black. Some
manufacturers connect all terminals in a column. Others justconnect groups of, for example, 25 consecutive
terminals in a column.

Fig. 4.1.3.3 Bus Strips

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4.7 JUMPER WIRES

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, jumper cable, DuPont wire or cable) is an electrical wire,
or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them – simply
"tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test
circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.

Fig. 4.1.3.4 Jumper Wires

TYPES

There are different types of jumper wires. Some have the same type of electrical connector at both ends,
while others have different connectors. Some common connectors are:

 Solid tips – are used to connect on/with a breadboard or female header connector. The arrangement of the
elements and ease of insertion on a breadboard allows increasing the mounting density of both components
and jump wires without fear of short-circuits. The jump wires vary in size and colour to distinguish the
different working signals.
 Crocodile clips – are used, among other applications, to temporarily bridge sensors, buttons and other
elements of prototypes with components or equipment that have arbitrary connectors, wires, screw terminals,
etc.

 Banana connectors – are commonly used on test equipment for DC and low-frequency AC signals.

 Registered jack (RJnn) – are commonly used in telephone (RJ11) and computer networking (RJ45).

 RCA connectors – are often used for audio, low-resolution composite videosignals, or other low-frequency
applications requiring a shielded cable.

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 RF connectors – are used to carry radio frequency signals between circuits,test equipment, and antennas.

 RF jumper cables - Jumper cables is a smaller and more bendable corrugated cable which is used to
connect antennas and other componentsto network cabling. Jumpers are also used in base stations to connect
antennas to radio units. Usually the most bendable jumper cable diameter is1/2".

VERSIONS OF SOLID TIPS JUMPER WIRES

Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female and female-to-female. The
difference between each is in the end point of the wire. Maleends have a pin protruding and can plug into
things, while female ends do not andare used to plug things into. Male-to-male jumper wires are the most
common andwhat you likely will use most often. When connecting two ports on a breadboard, a male-to-
male wire is what you’ll need.

MALE TO MALE TO MALE FEMALE TO FEMALE

FEMALE
JUMPER JUMPER WIRES JUMPER WIRES
WIRES

Figure 4.1.4.2 Types of Jumper Wires

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4.8 5V 1 AMPS AC To DC ADAPTER

This AC to DC power supply will do 5V at 1A! They're switch mode power supplies whichmeans the output
is regulated to 5V (no more 14V outputs!). These have a standard USB 'A' connector for the output so you
can power your Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. through a USB cable.

Figure 4.1.5 Adapter

SPECIFICATIONS

 Input Voltage (V): 100 ~ 280 VAC @50 ~ 60Hz.

 Input current (mA): 100.
 Output Power: 5V 1A.
 Input Plug: 2-Pin EU type.
 Output Plug: 5.5mm DC plug.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

ARDUINO IDE

The Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) is an cross platformapplication that is written in
the functions from C, C++ and JAVA. The Arduino IDEis an derivative of Processing IDE. The
Arduino IDE is used for easy to write and upload programs in Arduino boards by using an cable that
was connected betweenboard and IDE. The operating system of Arduino software is Windows, Mac
Os and Linux. The IDE supplies a software library from the wiring projectsand to provide a common
input and output procedures.

 setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can initializesettings.
 loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.

The system is controlled using a Web Page which is based on IoT platform. The intendeddevice can
be powered ON or OFF using the above application. Also, it provides the facility to set the intensities of
different appliances. The system becomes platform independent due to the use of a web application. It can be
operated from any location by just opening the IoT platform web application. The web application also
serves as a platform for managing the devices and the data.

4.2.1.1 NODE MCU CODE VIA ARDUINO IDE

To code Node MCU via Arduino IDE, the Node MCU needs to be added to Arduino IDE library
first by adding this address to Arduino IDE preferences. After this reference is added to Arduino IDE,
download node MCU to boards manager and then select Node MCU 1.0 (ESP12E Module). After node
MCU is added to Arduino IDE library, upload this code with changing hotspotname and password.

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Figure 4.2.1.1 SETTING UP NODE MCU IN ARDUINO IDE

The code includes the hotspot name and password match with the android. The code doesnot need
to identify the relay input, as it is included in [Arduino IDE]. When access point is given by the
microcontroller sent as password and SSID is the name of smart phone hotspot.

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 EXSTING SYSTEM

A home automation system is an automating the bulk of electronic and electrical taskswithin a home. It uses
a combination of hardware and software to enable control and management over appliances and devices
within a home.

Home automation not only refers to reduce human efforts but also energy efficiency andtime saving. Here
home automation is done by using ESP8266 – WiFi SoC and Blynk Play store App.

WHAT THEY HAVE FOLLOWED IN EXSTING SYSTEMS

In this existing system, home automation is done by using the Blynk app which sends thecommand by it’s Blynk
Server. Home Automation mean controlling lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances without a
manual switch.
Blynk is a mobile application which has its own server to process user requests. It is an open source application
and anybody can use it in their Home Automation to control devices, monitor sensor data and get a notification
by some trigger actions.
Blynk app has been used to read data from sensors located in home environment and user controls home
appliances based on these data. Being busy in hectic schedule of daily life user may not be able to read sensor
data continuously to take some action through app.
Blynk has a nice GUI but one may sometimes face a problem due to it’s busy server andget a late response or
zero response.

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4.9 PROPOSED SYSTEM

This project uses the Cloud and a Web Browser to control the manually operated switches.A cloud server is
created for the environment where the switches are mounted. The switches are interfaced with Node MCU
which has an inbuilt Wi-Fi. It can use this to enableor disable the switches. The user communicates with the
processor through the Web Browser. The processor then controls the switches based on the commands
received fromthe user and also updates the user about the status of the switches after the control operation is
performed to the cloud.

Hardware Requirements

 Node MCU (ESP8266-12E) DEVELOPMENT BOARD

 4-Channel Relay Module
 Breadboard
 Jumper Wire
 5 V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter

Software Requirements

Arduino IDE – Compiler

Language – Embedded C

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

OR

DESKTOP
VIA
WEB APPLICATION

Figure 4.4.1 Block diagram for proposed system.

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4.9.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 4.4.2 Circuit diagram for proposed system.

Figure 4.4.3 Circuit diagram of RELAY MODULE

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4.9.2 Working process

The heart of this project is the WiFi enabled board that needs no introduction; the ESP8266 based Node MCU
development board. It is an open source platform for developing WiFi based embedded systems and it is based
on the popular ESP8266 WiFiModule, running the Lua based Node MCU firmware. Node MCU was born out of
the desire to overcome the limitations associated with the first versions of the ESP8266 module which was not
compatible with breadboards, it was difficult to power and even more difficult to program. The Node MCU
board is easy to use, low cost and that quickly endeared it to the heart of makers and it is one of the most popular
boards today.

For this project, we will add a 4-channel relay module to the ESP8266 board. The project flow involves the
control of Node MCU’s GPIOs from a webpage on any device connectedon the same network as the board. The
status of the GPIOs control the coils of the relaysand that causes the relay to alternate between normally open
(NO) and normally closed (NC) condition depending on the state of the GPIO, thus, effectively turning the
connectedappliance “ON” or “OFF”.

CONNECTIONS

To make the connections easy to follow, here is a pin map of the connectionbetween the NODE MCU and the
Relay Module:

Node MCU – Relay Module

3.3V - VCC
GND - GND
D1 - IN1
D2 - IN2
D5 - IN3
D6 - IN4

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4.9.3 CODE
One of the easiest way to program Node MCU is via the Arduino IDE. This, however, requires setting up the
Arduino IDE by installing the board support filefor Node MCU. The code is based on the ESP8266WiFi.h library
which allows the easy use of WiFi functionalities of the board. It contains all we need to createor join a WiFi
access point and also create a server and client which are all important for this project. The library comes
attached with the Node MCU boardfiles for the Arduino, so there is no need to install it once the board files have
been installed.
The code for this project will enable us to control appliances connected to the GPIOs (via relays) of the Node
MCU board remotely. To start with, we include the library that we will use for the project, which in this case, is
the ESP8266WiFi.h library.
Next, we add the credentials of the WiFi access point to which the Node MCU will be connected. Ensuring that
the username and password are between the double quotes. We also specify the port through which the system
will communicate and create a variable to hold requests. As shown in the below fig.

Figure 4.4.3.2 Code 1

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Next, is the void setup() function. We start by initializing the serial monitor (as it will be used for debugging later
on) and setting the pin Modes of the pins to which the relays are connected as output. We then set the pins
“LOW” to ensure the system starts at OFF state.
Now, we connect to the access point using the credentials provided as arguments to theWiFi.begin() function and
we use the WiFi.status() function to check if connection was successful. The system will keep trying until the
connection is successful.
As shown in the below Figure.

Figure 4.4.3.3 Code 2

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If the connection is successful, a text is printed on the serial monitor to indicate this, along
with the IP address of the Node MCU. This IP address becomes the web address for the server and should be
entered on any web browser on the same network as the server so we are able toaccess it.
Upload the code to the Node MCU. Ensure everything is connected as described under the schematics section.
After uploading the code, the IP address of your web server displayed in the serial monitor as shown below.

Figure 4.4.3.4 Serial Monitor

PRECAUTIONS

It’s important to note that, connecting the appliances to the relay involves interaction with AC voltages which
could be dangerous. Ensuring to have experience interacting with AC voltages anddo so in a safe manner.

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CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Light Control Test Results

The Light Control Test is done by pressing the ON / OFF button widget on the Web application onthe respective
Android smart phone/Pc for lights and fans. This is done after the system is turnedon and connected to a Wi-Fi
internet connection. If at any time the internet connection is lost or bad signal, then it also affects system
performance.

Figure 5.1.1 Web App Output 1

Figure 5.1.2 Web App Output 2

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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

Based on the results of analysis of all data obtained by testing the smart home with the Internet ofThings based Node
MCU ESP6288 module, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1) Smart Home with Internet of Things (IoT) based Node MCU ESP8266 Module can be designed with various
components hardware and software support so that it can be arranged into a smart home system that is
controlled with the Web application according towhat is intended.

2) The Smart Home with this Internet of Things (IoT) based Node MCU ESP8266 Module can be implemented
to control some of the home electronics performance including lighting controls, fan control, temperature
monitoring, early warning systems and etc.

3) Main purpose of home automation system is to provide ease to people to control differnt home appliances
with the help of the web application using their mobile phones or desktopand to save time and money.

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CHAPTER 7
References

1) BOHORA, Bharat; MAHARJAN, Sunil; SHRESTHA, Bibek Raj. IoT Based Smart Home UsingBlynk
Framework. Zerone Scholar, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 26-30, dec. 2016. ISSN 25422774. googlescholar.
2) DC-DC Step Down Converter Power Supply Provides Regulated 5VDC Output with Range Input of
10-32VDC, Model GTD21088L-1505-T2.
3) Home Automation Using Internet of Thing 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics
& Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON) Published: 2016. Google Scholar.
4) Internet of Things in Home Automation and Energy Efficient Smart Home Technologies Simon
G. M. Koo Department of Computer Engineering, Santa Clara University, CA 95053, USA
5) Low Cost Implementation of Smart Home Automation Ravi Kishore Kodali Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology, Warangal , 506004 India
6) Mobile based home automation using Internet of Things (IoT) 2015 International Conference on
Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT) Published:
2015
7) NodeMCU Features and Pinout. A Brief Tutorial on the Introduction to NodeMCU V3.
8) Yoyosteven in Circuits Microcontrollers. NODEMCU 1.0 (ESP8266) CONTROLLED RELAY
USING BLYNK (OVER THE WEB).
9) 5V 4-Channel Relay Interface Board, Standard Interface that can be Controlled Directly by
Microcontroller.
10) 15-17 March 2018 U. Venkanna IoT Based Smart Home Automation System Using Sensor Node.
Google Scholar.

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PHOTOGRAPHS
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 “IOT BASED HOME AUTOMOTION SYSTEM”

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