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CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method for analyzing fluid flow and heat transfer, utilizing fundamental equations like conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The CFD process involves preprocessing (defining geometry and boundary conditions), solving (using numerical methods), and postprocessing (analyzing results). Common applications span various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical, with popular software tools like ANSYS Fluent and OpenFOAM.

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Harish Kusa
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18 views2 pages

CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method for analyzing fluid flow and heat transfer, utilizing fundamental equations like conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The CFD process involves preprocessing (defining geometry and boundary conditions), solving (using numerical methods), and postprocessing (analyzing results). Common applications span various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical, with popular software tools like ANSYS Fluent and OpenFOAM.

Uploaded by

Harish Kusa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method used to analyze fluid


flow, heat transfer, and related phenomena by solving the governing equations
of fluid motion. It is widely used in engineering and scientific applications,
including aerospace, automotive, energy, biomedical, and HVAC industries.

1. Fundamental Equations of CFD


CFD is based on three primary physical laws governing fluid motion:
A. Conservation of Mass (Continuity Equation)
Ensures that mass is conserved in the flow field.

∂ρ∂t+∇⋅(ρv)=0\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (\rho \mathbf{v}) =


0
 ρ\rho = Fluid density
 v\mathbf{v} = Velocity vector
B. Conservation of Momentum (Navier-Stokes Equations)
Describes how the velocity of a fluid changes due to applied forces (Newton’s
Second Law).

ρDvDt=−∇P+μ∇2v+F\rho \frac{D \mathbf{v}}{D t} = - \nabla P + \mu \


nabla^2 \mathbf{v} + \mathbf{F}
 PP = Pressure
 μ\mu = Dynamic viscosity
 F\mathbf{F} = External forces (gravity, electromagnetic, etc.)
C. Conservation of Energy
Accounts for heat transfer within the fluid, including conduction, convection, and
radiation.

DTDt=α∇2T+QρCp\frac{D T}{D t} = \alpha \nabla^2 T + \frac{Q}{\rho C_p}


 TT = Temperature
 α\alpha = Thermal diffusivity
 QQ = Heat generation term

2. CFD Process Steps


A. Preprocessing (Problem Setup)
1. Define Geometry → Import CAD model or create domain shape.
2. Mesh Generation → Discretize the domain into small control volumes
(structured/unstructured mesh).
3. Specify Boundary Conditions → Define inlet, outlet, walls, symmetry
planes, etc.
4. Choose Fluid Properties → Set density, viscosity, thermal conductivity,
etc.
B. Solving (Numerical Computation)
 Choose a numerical solver (Finite Volume Method (FVM) is most common).
 Select turbulence models (e.g., kk-ε \varepsilon, kk-ω\omega, LES, DNS).
 Solve equations iteratively using algorithms like SIMPLE, PISO, or coupled
solvers.
C. Postprocessing (Result Analysis)
 Visualize velocity, pressure, and temperature contours.
 Analyze streamlines, vorticity, and flow separation.
 Validate results with experimental data or theoretical benchmarks.

3. Common CFD Applications


✅ Aerospace → Aerodynamic design, lift & drag analysis.
✅ Automotive → Car aerodynamics, engine cooling, combustion modeling.
✅ HVAC & Energy → Wind flow analysis, ventilation systems, heat exchangers.
✅ Biomedical → Blood flow simulation, medical device optimization.
✅ Marine & Offshore → Ship hull performance, wave impact analysis.

4. Popular CFD Software


 ANSYS Fluent
 OpenFOAM (Open-source)
 COMSOL Multiphysics
 SimScale (Cloud-based)
 STAR-CCM+
 Autodesk CFD
Would you like more details on a specific topic, such as turbulence modeling or
meshing techniques?

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