Unit II

Frequency Distribution

Frequency distribution is a basic lesson to start learning about descriptive

statistics. It starts with kinds of number, but we will not do it here
anymore because that was taken up in the first unit. Construction of a
frequency table, determining their equivalent percentage value and their
rank will be the focus of this unit.

I. Objectives:

At the end of the unit, the student is expected to:

A. State the definition of terms commonly encountered

along frequency distribution.
1. Frequency
2. Frequency table
3. Percentage
4. Rank
B. Construct a frequency table containing data and
complete information
C. Calculate the equivalent percentage value of frequencies.
D. Rank values of frequencies correctly.

II. Topics:
A. Frequency distribution
B. Percentage
C. Rank

III. Presentation
A. Frequency Distribution
Data are commonly shown through a frequency distribution.
Frequency is the number of cases or times that a number or
value appear in a set of information. A frequency
distribution is a way of classifying data that allows
comparison of the results of each category. It is the
arrangement of statistical data (Encarta Dictionary).
Frequency distribution is applicable if N is equal to or greater
that 30 (Calmorin and Calmorin, 1997).
 Example for frequency:
If five persons were found to have a salary below the
minimum wage then report or show it as 5.

Sometimes, several information are given to form a group. To facilitate

reporting and interpretation, they are shown in a frequency table or
frequency distribution.

Example:
Goods Sold by Seasonal Vendors in Naga City

Goods Frequency Percent (%) Rank

Clothes 68 36.6 2
Foot wears 82 44.1 1
Bags 11 5.9 4
Cosmetics 25 13.4 3
Total 186 100.00

You will notice that the table gives complete information

about goods sold by seasonal vendors in Naga City.
Apparently, the case with the highest value or frequency is
rank 1. The frequency with the highest value would be the
given the highest rank.

To indicate the rank of the different frequency is easy.

To change the frequency to percentage, use the following
formula or rule:

%= ƒ
x 100 where: % = is the percentage value
N
f = is the frequency
N = is the total number of cases
Frequency = 68 Total =
186

68 x 100
186 = 36.6 %

Take note that after changing all the frequencies into percent,
the total should be 100. If you get a lower total or even more
than 100, you have to review your calculations particularly
when there are decimal points. Consider the following when
you round-off decimal numbers:
Example:

1. If you want whole numbers:

.1 to .4 = these would be 0 in value, or you have to
drop them. Example: 29.3 = 29
.5 and above = increase the whole number to 1.
Example: 43.6 = 44

2. If 1 decimal place is needed:

.01 to .44 = just take the first decimal number (or the 10 th
place) Example: 34.21 = 34.2
.45 above = increase the first decimal; place to 1.
Example: 67.09 = 67.1

3. If 2 decimal places are needed:

Retain the first 2 decimal places if the 3rd decimal place
is less than 5.
Example: 65.873 = 65.87
Increase the 2nd decimal place if the 3rd decimal place is
5 or higher.
Example: 312.319 = 312.32
 Score

AEC 22: Practical Activity No. 1

18
Frequency Distribution

Name: Asa, Erica Faye A.

Student gbox: efasa.gbox.ncf.edu.ph Date: March 18, 2025

Part I. Put the following information in the chart or table. Determine the
percentage equivalent of the frequencies as well as their ranks then put
them in their corresponding column.

Clients served by lending Institutions

Professionals = 43; Vendors = 67; Farmers = 102; Businessmen

= 13

Clients Frequency Percent Rank

Professional 43 19.1 3

Vendors 67 29.8 2

Farmers 102 45.3 1

Businessmen 13 5.8 4

Total 225 100

Part II. Round-off/round up the following decimal numbers according to

what is asked.

A. Wholes numbers:

1. 46.03 = 46 4. 5.9 = 6

2. 146.67 = 147 5. 49.3= 49

3. 1.56 =2 6. 87.1= 87

B. One decimal place:

1. 3.67= 3.7 4. 76. 92 = 76.9

2. 34.34 = 34.3 5. 301. 55= 301.6

3. 146.05= 146.1 6. 908.08= 908.1

 This unit provides you with knowledge and skills of showing or displaying data in
several ways. This is to enable a more meaningful way as well as an easier way to
understand the data collected and quantified through specific statistical tools. This
also helps in the analysis and interpretation data so that, more or less, valid
conclusions are formulated.
I. Objectives
In this unit, the student is expected to:
A. Describe the different way to show data.
B. Plot data correctly through different ways of presenting data.
C. Express orally (or in written form) some simple analyses and interpretation of
data.
D. Use Microsoft Office Excel in showing data through different graphs.

II. Topics
A. Narrative Form (Textual Form)
B. Tabular form
C. Graphical form including Histogram

III. Presentation
A. Narrative Form (Textual Form)
This is the simplest method of presenting data. It is used when there are only few
numbers to be presented. Thus, the results are explained in paragraph form.

Example:

During the Academic Year 2021-2022, the enrolment in “Y”

Department was 150 for the Second Year, 96 for the Third Year
and 65 for the Fourth Year. The total was 311.

A. Tabular Form
This is a systematic way of presenting data arranging them in rows and columns.
Each category in the table is placed in a row or column and the data are assigned
appropriate cells. This is to allow immediate comparison of the different data in
different categories.
Example:
Table 1
Employees in “X” Group of Companies

Positions Frequency Percent

 Tellers 65 41.40

Auditors 72 45.86

Clerks 20 12.74

Total 157 100.00

Body
Box Head
Table Caption
Stub

Parts of a Good Table (Look at the Example on the previous page)

1. Table caption – include table number and title or heading
2. Stub – refers to the rows of the table found at the left
3. Box heads – are the headings within the box of the table wherein the
data are to be placed.
4. Body – refers to the main part of the table containing the figures
(or numbers) which are placed in columns aligned with the box
heads.

B. Graphical Form
A graph is a geometrical image or mathematical picture of a set of data
(Calmorin and Calmorin, 1997).

Kinds of Graph
a. Frequency polygon or line graph. This is made by plotting the data with a
dot and connecting the plotted points by means of a straight line.
> The horizontal axis (X) represents the scores, score limits or midpoints
of the interval.
> The vertical axis (Y) represents the frequency.
> Always start with 0 and the intervals must be equal.
Example: Data:
X Y
25 - 5
50 - 18
85 - 25
100 - 34
150 - 20
175 - 12
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
25 50 85 100 150 175

b. Bar graph. This is useful in displaying qualitative data like sex, nationality,
occupation or treatment categories. A bar graph may be vertical or
horizontal. (In Excel, bar graph is horizontal; vertical graph is column)

Example: Common nutrition-related diseases in country Y

colon cancer

diabetes

cardiovascular diseases

renal disease

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

c. Histograms
This is a kind of frequency distribution where frequency is shown by the
height of vertical lines. It presents continuous data (quantitative data),
 never qualitative data. Rectangles are laid side-by-side with no spaces
between them.

Weight Gain of Children After 3 Months of

Feeding Program

25

20
Frequency

15

10

Kilograms

d. Pie graph
Here, the circle is divided into wedges like the way a pie is cut into
slices for serving. Each cut corresponds to the percentage of frequency
of the distribution.

Example:
Nutrition-Related Diseases among the Population in Village “G”
 night blindness
7%

scurvy anorexia
17% 27%

anemia
12%

diabetes
37%

Construction of a Pie Graph (if made manually)

1. Find percentage (%) of cases.
2. Multiply % by 360.
3. Plot it in the circle (or pie) using a protractor to locate the area or
angle.
4. Label and title the diagram.

Making Graphs using Excel

1. Set the data. The data for the X axis is typed in the first column.
2. Set the data for the Y axis in the second column.
3. Highlight all the data
4. Click “Insert”, then choose the type of chart you want.
5. Click “Ok”.
AEC 22 Practical Activity No. 2 Depiction of Data
Name: Asa, Erica Faye A. _
Student gbox: efasa@gbox.ncf.edu.ph Date: March 18, 2025

Instruction: Construct the specified way to present the data and enter them correctly therein.
Let them use Microsoft Excel from No. 3 to 6. Let them use the Microsoft word for Number 2.

1. Narrative Form:
Population in Village G
Unmarried = 4379 Married = 802 Divorced = 51

Village G has a total population of 5,232 people. Among them, 4,379 individuals are
unmarried, making up the majority of the population. There are 802 married individuals,
which is significantly lower than the number of unmarried residents. Meanwhile, only 51
individuals in the village are divorced. This data highlights that most people in Village G
remain unmarried.

2. Tabular Form:
Composition of Population in RG Village
Infants = 562 Teenagers = 10 003 Middle adults = 6 951
Children = 13 489 Young adults = 7 432 Late adults = 3 206

Population Frequency Percentage

Infants 562 1.35

Children 13,489 32.39
Teenagers 10,003 24.02
Young adults 7,432 17.85
Middle adults 6,951 16.69

Late adults 3,206 7.70

Total 41,643 100.00

3. Frequency polygon (or line graph). Draw the graph beside the data.
 Weight (in kilos) Frequency
X Y
30 - 3
35 - 8
38 - 20
40 - 55
47 - 41
50 - 30
52 - 15
59 - 10

60

55

50

41
40

30 30

20 20

15

10 10
8

3
0
30 35 38 40 47 50 52 59
 4. Bar graph.
Enrolment in the Different Programs in “T” University
Engineering = 275; Medical Technology = 150; Accountancy and Finance = 125; Teacher
Education = 97; Business Management = 216

Business Management

Teacher Education

Accountancy and Finance

Medical Technology

Engineering

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

5. Histogram:
Weight gain of underweight children after 1 month of regular milk
feeding Weight gain (in kilos) Frequency

X Y
1.50 5
1.75 11
2.00 30
2.25 25
2.50 18
2.75 20
3.00 9
3.25 5
3.50 2

Weight Gain of Underweight Children after 1 Month

of Regular Milk Feeding
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5
Kilograms
6. Pie graph
Office Facilities Commonly Used in W Agri supply Center
Desktop = 65%; Filing Cabinet = 10%; weighing scale = 5% Printers = 20%

Office Facilities Commonly Used in W Agri supply Center

Printers
20%

Weighing scale
5%

Filing Cabinet
10%
Desktop
65%