Lab 4 Report
CPS 706 Computer Networks
Section: 09
1.
● The client computer's IP address is: 192.168.1.102
● The client is using TCP port number: 1161
2.
● The IP address of gaia.cs.umass.edu is: 128.119.245.12
● The port number used by gaia.cs.umass.edu is: 80 (which is the standard port for
HTTP traffic).
3.
● The IP address of the client computer (source) is: 192.168.1.102
● The TCP port number used is: 1161
4.
● The TCP SYN segment is in Packet 1: ○ The sequence number is 0 (as shown in
"Seq=0").
● It is identified as a SYN segment by the presence of the [SYN] flag
5.
● The SYN-ACK response is in Packet 2:
○ The sequence number of the SYN-ACK is 0 (as shown in "Seq=0").
○ The Acknowledgment field value is 1 (Ack=1).
○ The server determines this value by adding 1 to the initial sequence number
of the SYN from the client.
○ The segment is identified as a SYN-ACK by the presence of both SYN and
ACK flags.
6.
● The HTTP POST request is found in Packet 4.
● The sequence number of this segment is: 1 (Seq=1).
7.
Segment Sequence Sent Time ACK Sample EstimatedRTT (ms)
Number (s) Received RTT (ms) formula:EstimatedRTT=(1−α)×Estima
Time (s) tedRTT+α×SampleRTTEstimatedRT
T
=(1−α)×EstimatedRTT+α×SampleR
TT (Assume α=0.125α=0.125 as in
the book)
1 (HTTP 1 0.026477 0.053937 27.46 27.46 (initial)
POST) (Frame 6)
2 566 0.041737 0.077294 35.56 0.875×27.46 + 0.125×35.56 ≈
(Frame 9) 28.47
3 2026 0.054026 0.124085 70.06 0.875×28.47 + 0.125×70.06 ≈
(Frame 12) 33.69
4 3486 0.054690 0.169118 114.43 0.875×33.69 + 0.125×114.43 ≈
(Frame 14) 43.77
5 4946 0.077405 0.217299 139.89 0.875×43.77 + 0.125×139.89 ≈
(Frame 15) 55.74
6 6406 0.078157 0.267802 189.65 0.875×55.74 + 0.125×189.65 ≈
(Frame 16) 72.48
8.
● Segment 1 (HTTP POST, Frame 4): 619 bytes
● Segment 2 (Frame 5): 1514 bytes
● Segment 3 (Frame 7): 1514 bytes
● Segment 4 (Frame 8): 1514 bytes
● Segment 5 (Frame 10): 1514 bytes
● Segment 6 (Frame 11): 1514 bytes
9.
● Minimum Advertised Buffer (Window Size): 5840 bytes
● Throttling?: No; the receiver’s advertised window does not drop to zero, so the
sender is not throttled.
10.
● There are no retransmissions detected.
● To check for retransmissions, we would look for duplicate sequence numbers with
higher timestamps or TCP [Retransmission] flags in Wireshark.
11.
● Data per ACK: Typically about 1460 bytes (the common maximum segment size).
● ACK Behavior: In many cases the receiver issues cumulative acknowledgements
(sometimes acknowledging every other segment) depending on its buffering and
delayed ACK strategy.
12.
Total Data Transferred (entire file): 150,000 bytes
● Time taken for transfer:
○ First data segment sent at: 0.026477 s
○ Final ACK received at: 1.362074 s
○ Total time: 1.362074 s – 0.026477 s = 1.335597 s
● Throughput: 150,000 bytes / 1.335597 s ≈ 112,300 bytes/s ≈ 112.3 KBps
(assuming 1 KB = 1,000 bytes)
13.
● Slow Start: Begins after the three-way handshake with an exponential increase in window
size (steep curve).
● Congestion Avoidance: Starts when ssthresh is reached; window size grows linearly.
● Differences from Ideal TCP:
○ Packet loss/retransmissions create horizontal gaps or repeats.
○ Variable RTT causes irregular spacing in sequence numbers.
○ Delayed ACKs introduce brief pauses in transmission.
14.
● Slow Start: Sequence numbers rise steeply after the handshake.
● Congestion Avoidance: Growth slows and becomes linear.
● Real vs. Ideal TCP:
○ Retransmissions appear as duplicate sequence numbers.
○ Variable RTT causes some ACK delays.
○ Throughput fluctuates rather than increasing smoothly.
