Ma Chapter ¢ Input and Output Devices Input Devices An input device is an extemal hardware device connected to computer that accepts data and instructions by the user and tums it into a pattern of electrical signal in binary code understandable to computer. ‘Some of the input devices are explained as follows : 4. Keyboard It is the most commonly and very popularly used input device which uses an arrangement of keys. Both data and program can be entered into the computer through the keyboard. The layout of keyboard is almost identical to traditional, typewriter with additional keys that help in performing specific tasks, A normal keyboard usually has a variety of keys such as alphabetic character keys, function keys, number keys, arrows keys and control keys, there is no specific rule for defining the number of keys. Itis connected to computer using USB (for a wired keyboard) or bluetooth (for a wireless keyboard). Itis an essential device for interactive processing because the user can easily issue commands to receive the data response immediately on the computer screen, 2. Mouse The mouse is the most common and very popular pointing device that allows to control the movement of pointer /cursor (also known as mouse pointer) on screen and click on the corresponding objects using its button i, It works on point and click concept. Mouse performs various functions by detecting two- dimensional motion relatively to its supporting surface. ‘A mouse can be of different types like wired mouse, wireless mouse, optical mouse, mechanical mouse etc. Generally a mouse have two buttons ~ a right button anda left button. The left button helps select items while the right button displays menus. SF @ Wired mouse Wireless mouse Mouse also include a scroll wheel between the buttons to scroll down the application window and their contents also. 3. Joystick Itis also a pointing device like the mouse, which consists ofa stick that pivots on a spherical ball on its base. A joystick is similar to a mouse excepts that the moment of cursor on screen stops working as soon as user stop moving the mouse. But with a joystick, the pointer continuous moving in the previously pointing direction. It can be a standalone device or can be included with multiple buttons and triggers to add options to perform more in game features. Commonly, joysticks are used for playing computer games like flight simulators but occasionally used for CAD/CAM systems and other applications. Some joysticks also have a third degree of freedom, ie. the stick can be twisted in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. 4. Light Pen It is a pointing device shaped like a pen and is connected toa Visual Display Unit (VDU). The tip of the light pen contains light-sensitive element which, when placed. against the screen, detects the light from the screen enabling the computer to identify the location of the tip of pen on screenComputer Concepts Input and Output Devices itis mainly used to select on screen items, draw pictures and write independently in document file using computer screen, 5. Graphics Tablet A graphics tablet (or digitisers, digitising tablet, touch tublets or simply tablet) is an input device that consists of an electronic writing area and a special pen (called stylus) that works with it. It allows artists to create hand-made images and graphical images with motion and action, similar to the way a person draws images with pencil and paper. ‘The pen of the graphics tablet is pressure sensitive, so pressing harder or softer can result in brush strokes of different width. When user draws anything on. the tablet with the special pen, the drawing appears on the screen. It can also be used to signature or texts as and written text or computer typed text. 6. Touch Screen It is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. ‘The term touch screen generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger. The touch screen sends a signal to the computer. This signal gives the location on the screen, which has been touched. Touch screen is quick and simple to use. Generally, smartphones have a high-resolution capacitive touch screen. There are different types of touch screens available with electronic devices like capacitive touch screen, resistive touch screen and gorilla glass touch screen ete. 7. Scanner Itis a device that allows a user to take an image or text and converts it into a digital file, allowing the computer to read or display the scanned object. It is mainly used to convert a scanned document in a digital format. 8, MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) It is a character recognition technology which is primarily used by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. This technology allows the ‘computers to read information (such as account numbers) on printed documents. Characters are printed in special typefaces with a magnetic ink (that contains iron oxide). MICR can read upto 2400 documents/min. 9. OCR (Optical Character Recognition) It is used to translate scanned images of handwritten, type-written, printed text or special type font printed on conventional paper with conventional ink into machine- encoded text. Itis widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files, to computerise a record keeping system in an office or to publish the text on a website. An optical reader uses photoelectric devices to scan the characters being read and converts the reflected light patterns of the data into binary data suitable for computer input. 10. OMR (Optical Mark Reader) Itis used to capture human marked data from document form such as surveys and tests. One of the most familiar application of optical mark reader is the checking of ‘optical answer sheets in multiple choice questions. It uses high intensity to read the marks or symbols. 11. Web Camera (Webcam) Webcam is a digital video camera attached to computers and can be used for video conferencing or online chat etc. It is a video capturing device. Webcams are able to capture full motion videos as well. ‘A webcam connected to a computer allows the user to view either a still picture or motion video of a user or other object. Now-a-days, webcams are either embedded into the display with laptops or connected via USB or firewire port or wi-fi to the computer system. After connecting webcam to a computer, you need to install required software or drivers. 12. Card Reader A card reader is a data input device that reads data from a card-shaped storage medium. The first were punched card readers, which reads the paper or cardboard. punched cards that were used during the first several decades of the computer industry to store information and programs for computer systems. ‘Modern card readers are electronic devices that can read plastic cards embedded with either a barcode, magnetic strip, computer chip or another storage medium, Output Devices ‘An output device is a part of computer hardware equipment, used to communicate the results of data processing which are carried out by an information) Processing system (such as a computer), to the outside world. Output devices carry the results of various operations performed by the user. Some of the devices, which are used to display the processed result or output are as follows 1. Monitor A monitor (called a visual display unit) is an electronic device used to display the output. The rectangular area of the monitor, its tefresh rate and dot pitch, all directly affect the resolution of the display. Resolution refers to the clarity of screen and measured by the number of individual tiny coloured dots (known as pixels), scattered on the screen. Resolution indicates the number of dots per inch. The smaller the dot pitch is, the better the resolution will be. 2. Printer A printer is an output device, which produces a hard copy of documents that are stored in an electronic form ‘on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. So, printers are the primary output devices used to prepare permanent documents. The speed of a printer is normally rated either by Pages Per Minute (PPM) or by Characters Per Second (CPS). Printers can be classified into two broad categories : (i) Impact Printers Impact printers rely on a forcible impact to transfer ink to the print media, similar to the action of a typewriter. There is a mechanical contact between the paper and the print head. Line printer, drum printer, daisy wheel printer and dot ‘matrix printer are the types of impact printers. (i) Non-impact Printers Non-impact printers are much quieter than impact printers as their printing heads do not strike the paper. Most non-impact printers produce dot-matrix patterns. There is no mechanical contact between the paper and the print head. These printers are comparatively faster and produce high quality output. They can be used for printing text and graphics both in black and white and coloured, Electromagnetic printer, thermal printer, electrostatic printer, laser printer and inkjet printer are the types of non-impact printer. 3, Plotter Itis an output device similar to a printer that uses a pen, pencil, marker or other writing tool to make a design. Plotters are generally used to generate the map of building and shopping malls. A plotter is a computer printing device for printing vector graphics. In the past, plotters were widely used in Prep Guide MAH-MCA CET applications such as Computer Aided Design (CAD) and other print jobs. Though they have generally been replaced with wide format conventional printers. 4. Speaker Speaker is an output device that receives the sound in the form of electric current from the sound card and converts it into sound format. Speakers are used for listen to music. Computer speakers (multimedia speakers) are the speakers, which are attached internally or externally to a computer system. 5. Headphones Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers or less ‘commonly a single speaker, held close to a user's ears and connected to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player or portable media player. They are also known as stereo phones, headsets or Colioquially cans. 6. Projector tis an output device, which is used to project information from a computer onto a large screen, 50 it can be viewed by a large group of people simultaneously. Projectors are widely used for classroom training or conference halls with a large audience. It provides a temporary output display. Input-Output Modules The input-output module (I/O module) is normally connected to the computer system on one end and one or more input/output devices on the other. An I/O module is needed because of (i) Diversity of I/O devices makes it difficult to include all the peripheral device logic into CPU. (i) The data format and word length used by the peripheral may be quite different than that of aCPU. Features of 1/0 Module The features of /O module are as follows = (i) Itis a mediator between the processor and an I/O devices. (ii) It controls the data exchange between the external devices and the main memory. (ii) It should not only communicate the information from CPU to I/O device but it should also coordinate these two. (iv) An I/O module provides an interface internal tothe ‘computer which connects it to CPU and main memory and an interface external to the computet connecting it to external device or peripheral.EXERCISES = Chapter Challenges 4, Which of the following devices is having a highest priority while assigning interrupts? (a) Hard disk () Printer (©) Keyboard (a) Floppy 2. Which key is used in combination with another key to perform a specific task? (a) Function (b) Space bar (©) Arrow (@) Control BL A/AN sssssssee device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer. (a) storage () input (©) control (@) output 4, The most common method of entering text and numerical data into a computer system is through the use of a (a) plotter (b) scanner (© printer (4) keyboard 5. In a keyboard, left-right-up-down set of keys facilitates which among the following functions? (a) Deleting data or modification (b) Page scrolling to view a document (©) Launching Start Menu (4) Initiating Search and Help 6. Which button is called as middle button used as third mouse button? (a) Right button (b) Scroll wheel () Touch bar (d) Light bar 7. Which device of computer operation dispenses with the use of the keyboard? (@) Joystick (b) Light pen (© Mouse (@) Touch 8. Which of the following is an input device used to enter motion data into computers or other electronic devices? @) Plotter (©) Trackball (© Monitor (€) Joystick ). Which of the following is a lever that can be moved in several directions to control the movement of an image on a computer monitor or similar display screen? (a) MIDI devices (©) Optical mark reader (©) Visual display unit (@) Joystick 10... . is generally used in applications like ATM, hospitals, airline reservation, etc. (a) Light pen (b) Touch screen (©) Joystick (@) Trackball 11, Which one does not related to mobile phone touch panel sensing methods? ‘A. Finger touch B. Voice recognition C. Gloved touch D. Light transmittance @B OA @D @c 12, Which of the following device recognises physical traits of an individual? (@) Smart card (b) Biometric sensor (© Barcode (@) MICR 13. Which of the following consists of an electronic writing area and a special pen that works with it? (@) Trackball () Plotters (©) Abacus (€) Graphics tablet 1B. A.cssssoess is used to tead handwritten or printed text to make a digital image that is stored in memory. (a) printer (b) laser beam (©) scanner (@) touchpad 415, Which of the following could be digital input devices for computers? (a) Digital camcorder _(b) Microphone (6) Scanner (@) All of these 16. The pattern of printed lines on most products are called (0) prices (0) OCR (6) scanners (€) bar codesPrep Guide MAH-MCA CET & 17, The OCR is used for the preparation of {a) electricity bills (b) insurance premium (6) telephone bills, (d) All of the above: 48, External devices such as printers, keyboards and modems are known as (@) add on devices (b) PC expansion slot add-ons (©) peripherals (d) special buys 419. After a picture has been taken with a digital camera and processed appropriately, the actual print of the picture is considered as (@) data (©) output (©) input (d) the process 20. Which of the following printers, are you sure, will not to use if your objective is to print on multi carbon forms? (a) Daisy wheel (b) Dot matrix (c) Laser (d) Thermal 21. What are the units used to count the speed of a printer? (a) CPM (b) DPR (PPM (@ BIT 22. Which of the following produces high quality output? (@) Impact printer (b) Non-impact printer (c) Plotter (d) Both (a) and (b) Lo {[2@] 3H] 4@ | so IL (@) 12, (b) 13. (d) 14. (e) 15. (d) 21. d) 22 by 23, (d) 24. (d) 25. (a) 23. The higher the resolution of a monitor, the (a) larger the pixels (b) less clear the screen is (6) further apart the pixels (4) closer together the pixels |. What type of devices are computer speakers or headphones? (a) Input/Output (6) Storage (©) Software (d) Output . The rate at which scanning is repeated in a CRT is called (a) refresh rate (b) resolution (© pitch (d) bandwidth . Tt is used to produce large drawings or images such as construction plans, blueprints for mechnanical object, etc (a) Printer (b) Plotter (c) MICR (d) OCR The «sss format reduces an audio file to about one-tenth of its original size, while preserving much of the original quality of the sound. (a) Doc (b) PNG © GF (d) MP3 can interpret voice data into words that can be understood by the computer. (@) Speech input hardware (b) Speech recognition software (©) Word recognition software (@) Talking software ‘> * Count Your Score 6 b) 16. (d) 26. (b) z7@ | &% | o@ | ow 7 @ | 1% © | wm | @ © a7. @) | 28