SQL vs. MySQL: What’s the difference?
The relational model was first delineated in a 1970 paper by Edgar F. Codd. One of
the first commercial programming languages related to the model, SQL, was
developed shortly after at IBM. For some time, SQL was the most widely used
database language, adopted as an ANSI standard in 1986 and in ISO a year later.
SQL is composed of four sublanguages, each with a different scope.
DQL: The data query language (DQL) is the most familiar and is used to run
queries on databases and extract information from stored data. For example,
selecting and returning the maximum value in a column.
DDL: A data definition language (DDL) is used to codify a database’s particular
structures and schemas. Creating a table or defining data types is an example.
DCL: A data control language (DCL) defines access, authorizations, and
permissions for users and processes accessing the database, including
granting administrator privileges, or restricting users to read-only privileges
only.
DML: And finally, a data manipulation language (DML) is used to make
modifications on existing components of a database, like inserting records,
updating values in cells, or deleting data.
Swedish company MySQL AB first released MySQL in 1995. Like much of the
database software which followed the initial rise of relational systems, MySQL is
simply an extension of the original SQL standard, adding more features, support,
procedural programming, control-flow mechanisms, and more.
Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is a very popular open-source relational database management
system (RDBMS).
What is MySQL?
MySQL is a relational database management system
MySQL is open-source
MySQL is free
MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
MySQL is very fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use
MySQL is cross-platform
MySQL is compliant with the ANSI SQL standard
MySQL was first released in 1995
MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation
MySQL is named after co-founder Ulf Michael "Monty" Widenius's
daughter: My
Who Uses MySQL?
Huge websites like Facebook, Twitter, Airbnb, Booking.com, Uber,
GitHub, YouTube, etc.
Content Management Systems like WordPress, Drupal, Joomla!, Contao,
etc.
A very large number of web developers around the world
Show Data On Your Web Site
To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:
An RDBMS database program (like MySQL)
A server-side scripting language, like PHP
To use SQL to get the data you want
To use HTML / CSS to style the page
What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
RDBMS is a program used to maintain a relational database.
RDBMS is the basis for all modern database systems such as MySQL,
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and Microsoft Access.
RDBMS uses SQL queries to access the data in the database.
What is a Database Table?
A table is a collection of related data entries, and it consists of columns and
rows.
A column holds specific information about every record in the table.
A record (or row) is each individual entry that exists in a table.
The columns in the "Customers" table above are: CustomerID,
CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode and Country. The
table has 5 records (rows).
What is a Relational Database?
A relational database defines database relationships in the form of tables.
The tables are related to each other - based on data common to each.
Look at the following three tables "Customers", "Orders", and "Shippers" from
the Northwind database:
The relationship between the "Customers" table and the "Orders" table is the
CustomerID column:
Orders Table
The relationship between the "Orders" table and the "Shippers" table is the
ShipperID column:
Shippers Table
Exercise?
What does RDBMS stand for?
Database System
Rational
Relational
Relative
Management
Multimedia
Monitor
Submit Answer »
MySQL SQL
What is SQL?
SQL is the standard language for dealing with Relational Databases.
SQL is used to insert, search, update, and delete database records.
How to Use SQL
The following SQL statement selects all the records in the "Customers" table:
ExampleGet your own SQL Server
SELECT * FROM Customers;
Keep in Mind That...
SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT
In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.
Semicolon after SQL Statements?
Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.
Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database
systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.
In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.
Some of The Most Important SQL Commands
SELECT - extracts data from a database
UPDATE - updates data in a database
DELETE - deletes data from a database
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
DROP TABLE - deletes a table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
DROP INDEX - deletes an index
