Do you have any technical certifications?

What is the extent of your technical expertise?

What do you do to improve your technical skills?

Give an example of how you apply your technical knowledge in a practical way?

What was the recent technical project you worked on? What were your key
responsibilities?

What is the production deployment process you follow?

What do you like most about the IT industry? What do you enjoy the least about it?

Why is a solution design document important?

Whenever you solve a problem, who do you keep in mind? The end-user, the business,
or yourself, and why?

What is the difference between IP and MAC address?

IP address is assigned to a device so that it can be located on the network.

MAC Address is a unique serial number assigned to every network interface on every
device.

What are Private and Special IP addresses?

These are specific IPs that are reserved specifically for private use only. These are non
rout-able and cannot be used by the devices on the internet.

IP Range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses also known
as loop-back addresses. These are the special IP addresses.

What is DNS?

DNS is the Domain Name System. It basically translates the domain name of their
corresponding IPs. It uses port 53 by default.
What is the main purpose of an OS? What are the different types of OS?

The function of an OS is to execute user programs and make it easier for the users to interact
with the system.

Types of OS:

 Batched OS (Example: Payroll System, Transactions Process, etc.

 Multi-Programmed OS (Example: Windows O/S, UNIX O/S, etc.)
 Timesharing OS (Example: Multics, etc.
 Distributed OS (LOCUS, etc.)
 Real-Time OS (PSOS, VRTX, etc.)

What is network topology?

1. Mesh topology
2. Star topology
3. Bus topology
4. Ring topology
5. Tree topology

Difference between communication and transmission.

Communication: It is the full exchange of information. It is a 2 way exchange

transmission: It is the exchange of information consisting od bit priority, synchronization, clock etc. It is
a 1 way ex change

What is Bandwidth?

It is the maximum amount of data that can be transferred within a network from one
point (source) to another point(destination) in a specified time period.

What is an Autonomous System?

It is a set of Internet routable IPs, that are connected over a network managed by a
single organization.
Why is TCP preferred over UDP?

TCP(transmission control protocol) is preferred over UDP(User datagram protocol)

while data transmission because:

What are the different types of memories used in a CISCO router?

There are 4 main types of memories used in a CISCO router:

1. ROM - Read only memory

2. RAM - Random access memory
3. Flash Memory
4. NVRAM - Non Volatile Ram

What is TCP-3 way Handshake Process?

It is a process in TCP/IP to make connections between server and client.

There are 3 steps in TCP-3 way Handshake:

1. The client will establish a connection with the server by sending in a SYN, which
will inform the server that the client wants to start communication and inquire
about the sequence number.
2. The server will respond to the client with SYN-ACK set, where SYN carries the
sequence number, and ACK is the response of the server to the client.
3. The client will then acknowledge the Server and they will create a stable
connection and start transmission.
What is Network Address Translation?

Network Address Translation is defined as the process by which local IP addresses are
translated into one or more Global addresses.

Thus, it enables a group of computers to possess one IP address, which represents the
entire group.

Types of NAT:

 SNAT - Static network address translation

 DNAT - Dynamic network address translation
 RNAT - Reverse network address translation

What are the default AD values for routing protocols?

 Connected Interface - 0
 Static Route - 1
 EIGRP - 5
 BGP - 20
 Internal EIGRP - 90
 IGRP - 100
 OSPF - 110
 IS-IS - 115
 RIP - 120
 EGP - 140
 ODR - 160
 External EIGRP - 170
 Internal BGP - 200
 Unknown - 255
In how many ways can data be transferred in CCNA?

There are 3 ways:

1. Simplex - Two devices, one transmitting one receiving

2. Half duplex - Two devices can transmit and receive but not simultaneously.
3. Full duplex - Both devices can transmit and receive data simultaneously.

What is a Peer to Peer network?

In a peer-to-peer network, computers are connected such that each computer has equal
status. All the computers can access and process data.

Unlike the client-server network there is no server and receiver

What is service password-encryption?

Service password-encryption encrypts the passwords such that guest users are not able
to access the owner’s passwords.

Name the LAN switching method used in CISCO catalyst 5000.

Store and forward switching method is used in CISCO catalyst 5000.

What is “windows” in networking terminology?

Windows is the number of segments that are allowed to be transferred from the source
to the destination before any acknowledgement is given.

What is the function of an STP?

STP or Spanning Tree Protocol is used to prevent bridge loops and broadcast radiation.

What is VLAN trunking protocol?

VLAN trunking protocol(VTP) is a Cisco-proprietary protocol, available on Cisco

Catalyst series products.

VTP carries VLAN information to all the switches in a VTP domain.

What is subnetting?

Subnetting means sub-dividing larger networks into smaller, more manageable

subnetworks. It is done to make the network more efficient, reduce traffic and make it
easy to manage.

What is Frame Relay?

Frame Relay sends packets called frames through its Frame Relay Network.

It is a protocol that decides how frames can be routed through a fast-packet network
based on the address field in the frame.

Command to check CISCO switch basic configuration.

switch #show running-config

switch #show startup-config

switch #show version

switch #show vlan

switch #show flash

Command to assign VLAN access.

switch(config) #interface gi1/1

switch (config)#switchport mode access

switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Command to assign VLAN trunk port switches

switch (config)#interface gi2/1

switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk encapsulation dot1q

Command to configure VTP

switch(config)# vtp domain xyz.com

switch(config)#vtp mode server

switch(config)#vtp mode client

switch(config)#vtp mode transparent

switch(config)#vtp password XYZ321

Command to show VTP.

switch#show vtp status

What is Networking?
Networking is the exchange of data between computers that are connected over a
shared medium.

What is Routing?
It is the process of transporting data from its source to destination. A router decides
which route is the most efficient for the data to travel such that it reaches the destination
within the shortest possible time.

There are 3 types of routing:

 Static Routing - user manually adds routes in the routing table.

 Default Routin - routers are configured to send all data packets to a single router, which
is configured for default routing.
 Dynamic Routing - routers can make adjustments to the routes depending on the state
of the routing table.RIP and OSPF are examples of dynamic routing protocols.
What is a router?
A router connects IP networks and passes data between them.

How does Routing work?

 Routers receive a packet and note the destination of the packet.
 From the routing table, it frames a route for the packet.
 Based on the type of routing (Static, dynamic) the router then makes a path for the
packet and sends it to its destination.

1. How do you perform under high pressure situations? Give an example where you
did so.
2. How would you handle conflicts among your team members?
3. If you find your manager doing favoritism, what will your response be?
4. How do you take criticism?
5. How do you handle a team member who is actively not doing his tasks?

Where do you see yourself in five years?

Explanation:

1. Your answer to this question shows whether you have a goal and a strategy to
achieve that goal.

2. Give a convincing and enthusiastic answer.

3. Give an outline of your long term goals.

4. Do not try to be humorous.