Department of Education (DepEd)

Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)

Division of Leyte
ABUYOG ACADEMY

Semi- School Abuyog Academy Grade Level Grade 12

Detailed Teacher Deo James Y. Bullena Learning Inquiries,
Lesson Area Investigation,
Plan and
Immersion
Teaching Quarter 4th Quarter
Date

I. OBJECTIVES
a. Content Standard The learner is able to understand the concept of research
and; differentiate the types of research.
b. Performance Standard The learner is able to draft his/her written research work
for oral presentation and polish a final written research
report for submission
c. Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

II. CONTENT Understanding Ways to Collect Data

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. Materials Power Point presentation, chalk, chalk board, and
marker, Manila Paper
B. Reference CGs, MELCs, Module
Teacher’s Guide
C. Learner’s Material Module
Other Learning
Resources/Materials
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminary Activities 1. Prayer
2. Picking up of trashes
3. Checking of attendance
4. Checking of assignments
Review
B. Revisiting previous The teacher will ask:
lesson What have we discussed last meeting?
What are the two types of sampling
method?
Can you give the different sampling
types for Quantitative research? How
about Qualitative? What about Mixed
Method?
Drill: Tongue Twister Masters!
A. Establishing the
purpose of the Lesson Direction: Read the tongue twister being presented.
Start slowly then gradually going fast. Repeat at least 4
times.

“Pad kid poured curd pulled cod”

After the Activity, the teacher will ask:
 How was the activity, class?
 Did you have fun?
 Do you think this activity is related to our lesson
today?
Let’s Try to Answer.
1. (MOTIVATION)
Presentation of the Directions: Read each statement carefully. Identify if
Lesson/Instances of the the statement is a Nonprobability Sampling or
new lesson Probability Sampling. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. Sample selection based on the subjective

judgment of the researcher.
2. Not everyone has an equal chance to participate.
3. The researcher does not consider sampling bias.
4. Useful when the population has similar traits.
5. The sample does not accurately represent the
population.
6. Finding respondents is easy.
7. The sample is selected at a random.
8. Everyone in the population has an equal chance of
getting selected.
9. Used when sampling bias must be reduced.
10. Useful when the population is diverse.

Time Allotment: 30 minutes

2. (Discussion)
Discussing new concepts Lesson 1: Quantitative Data Collection
and practicing new skill #1
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with
the collection, analysis, presentation, interpretation,
and conclusion of data.
Data are a collection of facts such as values or
measurements. It can be numbers, words,
measurements, observations, or even just descriptions
of things.
Two types of data: constant and variable.
Constant is a situation or value that does not
change, while a characteristic, number, or quantity
that increases or decreases over time or takes different
values in different situations is called variable. Due to
unchangeable property, constant is not used and only
variable is used for summary measures and analysis.
Variable is, as the name applies, something that
varies. Age, sex, export, income and expenses, family
size, country of birth, capital expenditure, class
grades, blood pressure readings, preoperative anxiety
levels, eye color, and vehicle type are all examples of
variables because each of these properties varies or
differs from one individual to another.
Five types of variables for Qualitative Research:
1. Independent variable
 Such variable is not affected by the change
in the value of another variable but affects
the value of another variable.
2. Dependent variable
 The variable, value of which may change
due to change in the value of another
variable
3. Moderator variable
 The variable that affects the cause-and-effect
relationship between dependent and
independent variables
4. Controlled variable
 Variables that can affect the cause-and-
effect relationship of dependent and
independent variable, is eliminated. In other
words, if the effect of moderator variable is
controlled.
5. Intervening variable
 Intervening variables are neither controlled
nor taken care of during research. In other
words, any moderator variable, that cannot
be measured or observed clearly or ignored
is called intervening variables
 Four types of variables for Quantitative Research:
6. Nominal
7. Ordinal
8. Discrete
9. Continuous

Quantitative variable is the data that show some

quantity through numerical value. Quantitative data are
the numeric variables (e.g., how many, how much, or
how often).
Two types of Variables: discrete and continuous.
Discrete variable is the quantitative data, but its values
cannot be expressed or presented in the form of a
decimal. For example, number of males, number of
females, number of patients, and family size are data
that cannot be expressed in decimal points.
Continuous data are measured in values and can be
quantified and presented in decimals. Age, height,
weight, body mass index, serum creatinine, heart rate,
systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure are
some examples.
Data collection is the process of gathering and
measuring information on variables of interest in an
established systematic fashion that enables one to
answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and
evaluate outcomes.

Data collection is the process of gathering information on

variables of interest from a sample of research participants.
There are two types of data collection:
1. Primary data collection refers to data that is
collected from research participants directly by the
 investigators of a study and the data is used for that
study.
a. Experiments
b. Survey
c. Questionnaire
d. Interview

2. Secondary data collection refers to data that is

collected by investigators from research papers that
are already published online. Secondary data is used
by these investigators in a secondary research study
(e.g., review of primary research).

The following are some examples of collecting secondary

data:
 Books
 Records
 Biographies
 Newspapers
 Published censuses or other statistical data
 Data archives
 Internet articles
 Research articles by other researchers (journals)
 Databases

Quantitative Data
There are two main quantitative data collection methods:
3. Surveys: Traditionally, surveys were conducted
using paper-based methods and have gradually
evolved into online mediums. Closed-ended
questions form a major part of these surveys as they
are more effective in collecting quantitative data.
4. Longitudinal Studies are types of observational
research in which the market researcher conducts
surveys from a specific time period to another (i.e.,
over a considerable course of time, is called
longitudinal survey).
5. Cross-sectional Studies are types of observational
research in which the market research conducts
surveys at a particular time period across the target
sample is known as cross-sectional survey.
6. One-on-one Interviews. This quantitative data
collection method was also traditionally conducted
face-to-face but has shifted to telephonic and online
platforms.

a. face-to-face interviews
b. online or telephonic interviews
c. computer assisted personal interview
Data Collection Procedure
It is a systematic process of gathering observations or
measurements.
While methods and aims may differ between fields, the
overall process of data collection remains largely the same.
Before you begin collecting data, you need to consider:

a. the aim of the research;

b. the type of data that you will collect; and
c. the methods and procedures you will use to collect,
store, and process the data.
To collect high-quality data that is relevant to your
purposes, follow these four steps:

Step 1: Define the aim of your research.

Step 2: Develop operational definitions and procedures.
Step 3: Choose more than one data collection technique.
Step 4: Begin to collect your data.

Lesson 2: Qualitative Data Collection

Monette et al (2010) credit qualitative methods with
the acknowledgement of abstraction and generalization.
Polonsky and Waller (2011) categorize vision, images,
forms and structures in various media, as well as
spoken and printed word, and recorded sound into
qualitative data collection methods.
It is noted that “qualitative methods are often
regarded as providing rich data about real life people
and situations and being more able to make sense of
behavior and to understand behavior within its wider
context. However, qualitative research is often
criticized for lacking generalizability, being too reliant
on the subjective interpretations of researchers and
being incapable of replication by subsequent
researchers.”

1. Interviews can be:

 a. Unstructured
b. Semi structured
c. Structured

2. Focus groups. The use of focus groups is

sometimes used when it is better to obtain
information from a group rather than individuals.

Group interviews can be used when:

a. Limited resources
b. The phenomena being researched is
requires a collective discussion in order to
understand the circumstances, behavior, or
opinions.
c. Greater insights may be developed of the
group dynamic and cause or consequence.

3. Strengths of observation: Observation involves

may take place in natural settings and involves the
researcher taking lengthy and descriptive notes of
what is happening. It is argued that there are limits
to the situations that can be observed in their
'natural' settings and that the presence of the
research may lead to problems with validity.

Limitations with observation include:

a. Change in people's behavior when they know

they are being observed.
b. A 'snapshot' view of a whole situation
c. Think big brother...
d. The researcher may miss something while they
are watching and taking notes.
Sometimes, the researcher becomes or needs to
become a participant observer, where they are taking
part in the situation in order to be accepted and further
understand the workings of the social phenomenon.

Techniques for collecting data through observation:

1. Written Descriptions
2. Video Recording
3. Photographs and artifacts
4. Documentation

Take note that a good quality qualitative research

 involves:
▪ thought
▪ preparation
▪ the development of the interview schedule
▪ conducting and analyzing the interview data
with care and consideration

2. Developing Mastery Activity 1: (Individual Activity)

Time Allotment: 5 minutes
Directions: Classify each set of data as DISCRETE or
CONTINUOUS. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. The number of suitcases lost by an airline

2. The height of tomato plants
3. The number of ears of corn produced
4. The number of green M&M's in a bag
5. The time it takes for a car battery to die
6. The number of cats in a shelter at any given time
7. The weight of newborn babies
8. The types of books in the library
9. The length of time in someone’s life
10. The number of books in the library

Activity 2: (Paired Activity)

Time Allotment: 5 minutes

Think to Share

Directions: Find a partner and brainstorm on the key

concepts and ideas that you have learned from today’s
discussion. After your sharing of ideas, organize it on
any graphic organizer. (i.e., Venn Diagram, Flow Chart,
Tables, Fishbone Diagram, etc.) present this in front of
the class.

Activity 3: (Group Activity)

Time Allotment: 5 minutes

Directions: Look for at least ten (10) words related to

data gathering from the word puzzle given below. Write
your answers on your notebook.
 Let’s Generalize Your Learnings!
3. Generalization
The teacher will ask:
 What have you learned from the topic discussed
today?
 What are the different data collection methods
for Quantitative Research?
 What are the different data collection methods
for Qualitative Research?
The teacher will ask:
4. APPLICATION
 How will you apply your learnings from
today’s discussion in your daily lives?

 Can you provide scenarios where your learnings

can be applied?
5. EVALUATION Direction: Prepare an interview schedule for
investigating the experiences of senior high students
amidst pandemic. Give five (5) questions you might
want to ask to your participants?
Examples:
1. In your opinion, what are the most important
characteristics of distance education adopted
during the pandemic?
2. What should be done to improve the
efficiency of the distance education system
adopted during the pandemic?

6. ASSIGNMENT Direction: Read each statement carefully. Choose the

letter of the best answer. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. The most important consideration in selecting a

sample is that the sample should be
 ____________________.

a. representative of the population

b. made up of a large number of subjects
c. selected from a large number of individuals
or elements
d. selected from the population by means of a
table of random
numbers

2. The first step in selecting a sample should be to

____________________.

a. define the population

b. compile a list of the population
c. determine how to randomize
d. decide how to stratify the population

3. Questionnaire is a ____________________.

a. research method
b. measurement technique
c. tool for data collection
d. data analysis technique
4. Which one of the following in not a major
method of data
collection____________________.

a. interviews
b. secondary data
c. questionnaires
d. all of the above are methods of data
collection.

5. Another name for a Likert Scale

is____________________.

a. interview protocol
b. event sampling
c. summated rating scale
d. ranking
 7. REMARKS

Prepared by:
Bullena, Deo James Y.
Teacher Intern

Checked and Noted by:

Angelica G. Pangandoyon
Resource Teacher