MACHINE DESIGN – ACTIVITY
BEARINGS & LUBRICATION
NAME: YR/SEC: RATING:
STUDENT ID NUMBER:
CHECKED & RECORDED
INSTRUCTIONS:
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS
BOX YOUR FINAL ANSWERS & ROUND-OFF UP TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES ONLY
USE BLACK BALLPEN ONLY AND 8.5” x 13” PAPER SIZE FOR YOUR
SOLUTIONS, AND SUBMIT TOGETHER WITH THIS ACTIVITY SHEET
1. A sleeve bearing has an outside diameter of 1.50 in and a length of 2 in. The wall
thickness is 3/16 in. The bearing is subjected to a radial load of 450 lb. Find the bearing
pressure. [200 psi]
2. A 78 mm bearing using oil with an absolute viscosity of 0.70 poise running at 520 rpm
gives satisfactory operation with a bearing pressure of 12kg/cm 2. The bearing clearance
is 0.130 mm. Find the unit pressure at which the bearing should operate if the speed is
changed to 600 rpm, in kg/cm2 [13.85 kg/cm2]
3. A bearing, whose shaft rotates at 550 rpm, has a friction loss of 20 KW. The bearing
load is 35 KN and friction of 0.15. Find the bearing diameter. [132.3 mm]
4. A 1 in horizontal shaft rotates at 500 rpm in a sleeve-type bearing. The coefficient of
friction is .15. Calculate the horsepower lost in the bearing if the reaction between the
shaft and the bearing is 800 lb. [0.4759 hp]
5. A 2 in horizontal shaft rotates in a sleeving-type bearing. The coefficient of friction is .10
and the shaft applies a load of 500 lb. Find the frictional resistance. [50 lbs]
6. Find the desired life of a ball bearing to support a radial load of 4500 if with moderate
shock and a thrust load of 2000 lb for 20 hrs per day for 10 years. [73000 hrs]
7. Compute the force necessary to move a weight of 6000 lbs supported on four steel
wheels of 2.5 ft diameter, assuming the coefficient of rolling friction to be 0.007. [42
lbs]
8. A bearing sustains a load of 4450 N. The shaft diameter is 100 mm, the coefficient of
sliding friction is 0.01, and the shaft speed is 400 rpm. Find the horsepower lost in the
bearing. [93.20 watts]
9. A 50 mm diameter shaft supported by two sleeve bearings carries a load of 13.3 MN. The
shaft rotates at 150 rpm. If the coefficient of sliding friction between the shaft and the
bearings is 0.01, how much power is lost in friction? [261.14 kw]
10. A 36 mm shaft uses a sleeve bearing that sustain a load of 4000 N. If the allowable
bearing pressure is 1.3 MN/m^2. Find the length of the bearing. [85.47 mm]
11. A 20 mm shaft uses sleeve bearings. The total load per bearing is 2000 N. An L/D ratio
of 2/5 is desired. What is the bearing pressure? [2 Mpa]
12. A 22 mm diameter is supported by sleeve bearing at a distance of 0.50 m. A load of 2.2
KN is applied at 0.2 m from the left end. The sleeve bearings have an L/D ratio of 1.5.
Find the maximum bearing pressure? [1.818 Mpa]
13. A sleeve bearing is to have an L/D ratio of 1.0 and an allowable bearing pressure of 0.5
MN/m^2. Find the inside diameter and the length of the bearing if it is to sustain a load of
2550 N. [71.41 mm]
14. A thrust washer has an inside diameter of 12 mm and an outside diameter of 75 mm. If
the allowable bearing pressure is 0.6 Mpa, how much load can it sustain? [2582.9 N]
15. A journal bearing 55mm in diameter and 25 mm long supports a radial load of 1400
kg. If the coefficient of bearing friction is 0.012 and the journal rotates at 1000rpm,
find the horse power loss in the bearing. [0.6362 hp]
16. A shaft is supported by 3.5-in diameter and 4.5-in long bearing that uses oil with a viscosity
of 2.8 x 10-6 reyns. The bearing has a diametral clearance of 0.009-in. At what speed should the
shaft rotate so that the friction power is limited only to 0.95 HP. [3482.6 rpm]
17. A shaft rotating at 1750 rpm is supported by bearing with a length of 100 mm and diameter
of 65 mm. If the load is light and SAE OIL No. 20 (u=2.5 x 10-6 reyns) is used and diametral
clearance is 0.135 mm, compute the power loss due to friction. [185 W]
18. A bearing has a per unit load of 600 kPa. The load on the bearing is 25 KN and it has a
diametral ratio of 0.0015. If the diametral clearance is 0.120 mm, find the length of the
journal [520.8 mm]
19. A bearing journal rotates at 480 rpm is used to support a load of 60 kN. It has a diameter
of 25 cm and length of 45 cm. Find the friction loss in kW per bearing. Use f=0.13. [24.5
kW]
20. A bearing 160 mm diameter and 320 mm long supports a load of 6000 kg. If the
coefficient of friction is 0.19, find the torque required to rotate the shaft. [894.6 N-m]
21. The main bearing of one cylinder steam are 150 mm diameter by 290 mm long and
support a load of 4500 kg. Find the bearing stress. [507.4 kPa]
22. The main bearing of one cylinder steam are 150 mm diameter by 290 mm long and
supports a load of 4200 kg. Find the bearing stress. [947.2 kPa]
23. The weight of each wheel of a motor-driven travelling crane moving at 600 fpm is 5800
lbs. If the coefficient of rolling friction is 0.05, find the horsepower required to overcome
rolling friction. [21 hp]
*** nothing follows ***
MACHINE DESIGN – ACTIVITY
DESIGN OF BRAKES
NAME: YR/SEC: RATING:
STUDENT ID NUMBER:
CHECKED & RECORDED
INSTRUCTIONS:
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS
BOX YOUR FINAL ANSWERS & ROUND-OFF UP TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES ONLY
USE BLACK BALLPEN ONLY AND 8.5” x 13” PAPER SIZE FOR YOUR
SOLUTIONS, AND SUBMIT TOGETHER WITH THIS ACTIVITY SHEET
1. The band brake of a band brake has 210 degrees of contact with its drum. By laboratory
tests, it is found that the pull on the tight side is 800 lbs. and the pull on the slack side is
285 lbs. What is the coefficient of friction? [0.281]
2. The inertia load on an electric brake is 32 lb-ft² and the drive shaft is rotating at 2000
rpm. What average torque is required to bring this load to a complete stop in 1.2 sec?
[173.16 ft-lbs.]
3. The band of a band brake has a contact angle of 180°. It is found experimentally that
pulls on the bands are 275 kg and 100 kg respectively under certain operating
conditions. Find the coefficient of friction. [0.322]
4. A brake requires 900 in-lb of torque to stop a shaft operating at 840 rpm in a
period of 3.5 seconds. What is the inertia load expressed in lb-ft²? [96.25 lb-ft²]
5. Determine the force with which the brake shoe of a diesel electric train must be pressed
against the wheel to absorb 220,000 ft-lb of energy in 18 seconds if the mean velocity of
wheel relative to the brake shoe is 40 fps and the coefficient of friction is 0.30. [1018.5
lbs]
6. A simple band brake has 80 cm drum with coefficient of friction of 0.28 and arc of
contact of 250 degrees. The drum sustains a load of 820 kg and rotates at 280 rpm.
Determine the power absorbed by the band. [94.3 kW]
7. A band brake is used to fasten to a 900 mm gram with tight side 4 times the slack side
of force. The torque transmitted is 3 kN-m and a steel band with a maximum tensile
stress of 70 MPa and 3 mm thick will be used. What should be its width, in mm? [42.3
mm]
8. A band brake is installed on a drum rotating at 260 rpm and a diameter of 880 mm. the
angle of contact is 1.5 π rad and one end of the brake band is fastened to a fixed pin while
the other end to the brake arm 160 mm from the fixed pin. The coefficient of friction is
0.30 and the straight brake arm is 1100 mm long and is placed perpendicular to the
diameter bisecting the angle of contact. Find the minimum force, in N applied at the end
of the brake arm necessary to stop the drum if 70 kW is being absorbed. [273.1 N]
9. A band brake has an angle of contact of 250 degrees and is to sustain a torque of 12,000
in lbs. the band bears against a cast iron drum of 15-in diameter. The coefficient of
friction is 0.35. Find the tension at the tight side. [1021.9 lbs]
10. The ratio of band tension in a band brake is 5. If angle of contact is 260 degrees,
determine the coefficient of friction. [0.3547]
11. A band brake has a straight brake arm of 1.8 m and is placed perpendicular to the
diameter bisecting the angle of contact of 270 degrees which is 200 mm from the end of
the slack side. If 220 N force is applied at the other end downward of brae arm,
determine the tension at slack side. [2.8 kN]
12. A steel band has a maximum tensile stress of 60 MPa and thickness of 5 mm. if the
tension in the right side is 8 kN, what width of band should be used? [26.67 mm]
13. On a brake drum the difference in tension between the slack side and the tight side is 8
kN. If the ratio in the band tension is 4, determine the tension in the tight side. [10.67
kN]
14. In a brake, the tension on tight side is thrice the slack side. If coefficient of friction
is 0.30, determine the angle of contact of the band. [209.8 deg]
15. A brake has a difference in band tension of 5 kN. The drum diameter is 1.5 meter and
rotating at 280 rpm. Calculate the power needed to drive the drum. [219.91 kW]
16. A single block brake is shown in the figure. The
diameter of the drum is 250 mm and the angle of
contact is 90°. If the operating force of 700 N is
applied at the end of a lever and the coefficient of
friction between the drum and the lining is 0.35,
determine the torque that may be transmitted by the
block brake. [83.75 N-m]
17. A rope drum of an elevator having 650 mm diameter is
fitted with a brake drum of 1 m diameter. The brake drum is provided with four cast iron
brake shoes each subtending an angle of 45°. The mass of the elevator when loaded is
2000 kg and moves with a speed of 2.5 m / s. The brake has a sufficient capacity to stop
the elevator in 2.75 meters. Assuming the coefficient of friction between the brake drum
and shoes as 0.2, find: 1. width of the shoe, if the allowable pressure on the brake shoe is
limited to 0.3 N/mm2; and 2. heat generated in stopping the elevator. [155 mm; 60.205
kJ]
18. A simple band brake operates on a drum of 600 mm in diameter that is running at 200
r.p.m. The coefficient of friction is 0.25. The brake band has a contact of 270°, one end
is fastened to a fixed pin and the other end to the brake arm 125 mm from the fixed pin.
The straight brake arm is 750 mm long and placed perpendicular to the diameter that
bisects the angle of contact. (a) What is the pull necessary on the end of the brake arm to
stop the wheel if 35 kW is being absorbed? What is the direction for this minimum pull?
(b) What width of steel band of 2.5 mm thick is required for this brake if the maximum
tensile stress is not to exceed 50 MPa? [291 N; 64.2 mm]
19. A band brake acts on the ¾ th of circumference of a drum of 450 mm diameter which is
keyed to the shaft. The band brake provides a braking torque of 225 N-m. One end of the
band is attached to a fulcrum pin of the lever and the other end to a pin 100 mm from the
fulcrum. If the operating force applied at 500 mm from the fulcrum and the coefficient
of friction is 0.25, find the operating force when the drum rotates in the anticlockwise
direction. [88.8 N]
20. A differential band brake is operated by a lever of length 500 mm. The brake drum has a
diameter of 500 mm and the maximum torque on the drum is 1000 N-m. The band brake
embraces 2/3rd of the circumference. One end of the band is attached to a pin 100 mm
from the fulcrum and the other end to another pin 80 mm from the fulcrum and on the
other side of it when the operating force is also acting. If the band brake is lined with
asbestos fabric having a coefficient of friction 0.3, find the operating force required.
[863.5 N]
21. A flywheel of mass 100 kg and radius of gyration 350 mm is rotating at 720 rpm. It is
brought to rest by means of a brake. The mass of the brake drum assembly is 5 kg. The
brake drum is made of cast iron FG 260 having specific heat 460 J / kg °C. Assuming
that the total heat generated is absorbed by the brake drum only, calculate the
temperature rise. [15.14°C]
22. A band brake is installed on a drum rotating at 250 rpm, and a diameter of 900 mm. The
angle of contact is 15 pi radians and one end of the brake band is fastened to a fixed pin
while the other end to the brake arm 150 mm from the fixed pin. The coefficient of
friction is 0.25 and the straight brake arm is 1000 mm long and is placed perpendicular to
the diameter bisecting the angle contact. Determine: (a) The torque transmitted, (b) 2.
The tension at the slack side of the brake drum, (c) 3. The tension at the tight side of the
brake drum, (d) 4. The minimum force in newton applied at the end of the brake arm
necessary to stop the drum if 50 kw is being absorbed, and (e) 5. A steel band with a
maximum tensile stress of 55 Mpa and 3.0 mm thick will be used. What should be its
width in millimeters? [1.91 KN-m; 1.89 KN; 6.14 KN; 200 N; 37 mm]
23. A band brake is to absorb 5 Hp at 200 rpm. The maximum pressure of the lining and the
drum is 130 psi. The angle of wrap is 3.2 radians, the width of the band is 3.5 inches
and f = 0.15. Find the forces at the tight side. The diameter of the drum is at 12 inches.
[5460 lbs]
*** nothing follows ***
MACHINE DESIGN – ACTIVITY
DESIGN OF CLUTCHES
NAME: YR/SEC: RATING:
STUDENT ID NUMBER:
CHECKED & RECORDED
INSTRUCTIONS:
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS
BOX YOUR FINAL ANSWERS & ROUND-OFF UP TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES ONLY
USE BLACK BALLPEN ONLY AND 8.5” x 13” PAPER SIZE FOR YOUR
SOLUTIONS, AND SUBMIT TOGETHER WITH THIS ACTIVITY SHEET
1. How much torque can a cone clutch transmit if the angle of the conical elements is 10
degrees the mean diameter of the conical clutch sections 200 mm and an axial force of
550 N is applied? Assume the coefficient of friction is 0.45. [142.53 N-m]
2. If the inertia is 90 lb-ft^2 and the speed of the driven shaft is to be increased from 0 to
2500 rpm in 5 seconds, shaft material is of SAE 4140 with yield strength of
110,000lb/in^2, find the clutch starting torque in ft-lb. [146.10 ft-lb]
3. Find the frictional radius for a disc clutch. The disc clutch has an outside diameter of 10
in and an inside diameter of 6 in. [4.08 in]
4. In a clutch the outside diameter is 8 in and the inside diameter is 4 in. An axial force of
400 lb is used to hold the two parts together. If the coefficient of friction of the mating
materials is 0.4, how much torque can the clutch handle? [497.8 in-lb]
5. A disc clutch has 6 pairs of contracting friction surfaces. The frictional radius is 2 in
and the coefficient of friction is 0.3. An axial force of 100 lbs acts on the clutch. The
shaft speed is 400 rpm. How much horsepower can the clutch transmit? [2.28 hp]
6. A cone clutch has cone elements at an angle of 10 degrees. The clutch transmits 20 hp
at a speed of 100 rpm. The mean diameter of the conical friction sections is 16 in and
the coefficient of friction is 0.3. Find the axial force needed to engage the clutch.
[246.37 lbs]
7. In a band clutch, the ratio of the pull on the tight side of the band to that of the slack
side is 4:1. The band contacts the drum for 250 degrees. What is the coefficient of
friction? [0.318]
8. A band clutch has an angle of contact of 270 degrees on a 15 in diameter drum. The
rotational speed of the drum is 250 rpm and the clutch transmits 8 hp. The band is
1/16 in thick and has a design stress of 5000 psi. How wide should the band be?
[1.014 in]
9. The angle of contact of a band clutch is 250 degrees. The cross section of the band is
1/16 in x 1.5 in. The design stress for the band material is 8,000 psi. If the drum is 16
inches in diameter and rotates at 350 rpm, what is the horsepower capacity of the clutch?
The coefficient of friction is
0.4. [27.50 hp]
10. Find the power capacity under uniform wear of a cone clutch with mean diameter of
250 mm if the conical elements are inclined 8 degrees and the axial force is 450 N. The
rotational speed of the driver is 200 rpm and the coefficient of friction is 0.20. [1.683
kw]
11. Determine the power capacity of a cone clutch under uniform pressure and assuming
the following conditions: major diameter = 250 mm; minor diameter = 200 mm;
length of conical elements in contact = 125 mm; rotational speed = 870 rpm;
coefficient of friction = 0.30; ad allowable pressure = 70,000 N/m^2. [19.09 kw]
12. Find the power capacity under uniform wear of a cone clutch with the following
specification speed = 870 rpm; length of conical elements in contact = 125 mm; major
diameter = 250 mm; minor diameter = 200 mm; coefficient of friction = 0.30; and axial
operating force = 500 N. [7.69 kw]
13. Assuming uniform wear, find the power capacity of a single disc clutch with an
outside and inside diameter of 200 mm and 100 mm respectively, a rotational speed
of 1160 rpm, a coefficient of friction of 0.35 and an axial operating force of 800 N.
[2.55 kw]
14. An engine of a motor vehicle with a wheel diameter of 700 mm develops 60 kW at 1800
rpm. Determine the axial force on the clutch, in kN. Outside and inside diameters of the
clutch are 250 mm and 220 mm, respectively. There are 4 mating pairs of mating
surfaces with f = 0.28. [2.42 kN]
15. The larger diameter and face of the disk of a multiple disk clutch are 225 mm and 20
mm respectively. The load applied to the spring of the clutch axially is 1500 N.
Assuming that there are 8 pairs of friction 0.18 and turning 800 rpm. Find the power
transmitted by the clutch using uniform pressure method. [13.67 kW]
16. A block clutch has four wooden shoes each contacting with 80 degrees of the inside of a
13 in drum. The coefficient of friction is 0.40 and the maximum contact pressure is not to
exceed 40 psi. This clutch is to transmit 20 hp at 280 rpm. Determine the required width
of the shoes. [1.295 in]
17. An engine developing 50 HP at 1200 rpm is fitted with a cone clutch built into the
flywheel. The cone has a face angle of 12 degrees and maximum diameter of 15 in. The
coefficient of friction is
0.30. The normal pressure on the clutch face is not to exceed 13 psi. Determine the face
width required. [1.9052 in]
18. Using uniform wear, find the power capacity of a single disc clutch with an outside
diameter of 180 mm and inside diameter of 110 mm, rotating at 1100 rpm (f=0.30). The
axial operating force is 900 N. [2.299 kW]
19. Determine the power capacity of uniform wear cone clutch having a major diameter of
280 mm, minor diameter of 210 mm, length of contact of 120 mm, f=0.28, speed of 850
rpm and has an operating force of 600 N. [6.3 kW]
20. Find the cone angle of a clutch having a major diameter of 280 mm and minor
diameter of 220 mm and length of contact of 260 mm. [6.62 deg]
21. Find the power capacity and the cone angle of a cone clutch under uniform pressure
having 220 mm major diameter, 180 mm minor diameter, length of contact of 120 mm,
880 rpm, f=0.35, and allowable pressure of 80 kPa. [9.57 deg, 19.46 kW]
22. Determine the power capacity of a cone clutch with mean diameter of 260 mm if the
conical elements inclined at 8.5 degrees and axial force of 500 N. The rotational force
of driver is 220 rpm and the friction is 0.25. [2.53 kW]
23. A simple disc clutch has an outside diameter of 220 mm and inside diameter of 110
mm. The friction is 0.30 and the applied load is 1300 N. Calculate the torque
transmitted using uniform wear. [33.37 N-m]
24. The angle of contact of a band clutch is 260 degrees. The cross-section of the band is
1/16-in x 2- in. The design stress for the band material is 8500 psi. If the drum is 15
inches in diameter and rotates at 360 rpm, find the power capacity of the clutch if f=0.35.
[36.22 hp]
25. A band clutch has an angle of contact of 260 degrees on a 16-in diameter drum. The
rotational speed of the drum is 260 rpm and the clutch transmits 10 HP. The band is
1/16-in thick and has a design stress of 4800 psi. How wide should the band be? Use
f=0.35. [1.26 in]
26. A cone clutch has cone elements at an angle of 13 degrees. The clutch transmits 20 HP
at speed of 1000 rpm. The mean diameter of the conical friction section is 15’’ and the
coefficient of friction is 0.20. Find the axial force needed to engage the clutch. [229.98
lbs]
27. A disc clutch has 6 pairs of contacting friction surfaces. The frictional radius is 2.5-in
and the coefficient of friction is 0.28. An axial force is 120 lbs acts on the clutch. The
shaft speed is 380 rpm. What is the power transmitted by the clutch? [3 hp]
28. A clutch has an outside diameter of 9-in and inside diameter of 4-in. An axial force of
600 lb is used to hold the two parts together. If friction is 0.30, how much torque can
the clutch handle? [613.85 in-lbs]
29. How much torque can a cone clutch transmit if the angle of the conical elements is 12
degrees? The mean diameter of conical sections is 180 mm and an axial force of 500 N
is applied. Consider a coefficient of friction of 0.40. [86.6 N-m]
*** nothing follows ***
