Basic Electronics Interview Questions with Answers
Basic Electronics Concepts
Q: What is voltage, current, and resistance?
A: Voltage (V) is the potential difference, current (I) is the flow of charges, and resistance (R) is the opposition
to current flow.
Q: State Ohms Law.
A: Ohms Law: V = I R
Q: What is the difference between AC and DC?
A: AC changes direction periodically, DC flows in one direction.
Q: Define power in an electrical circuit.
A: Power (P) = Voltage (V) Current (I)
Q: What is a short circuit and an open circuit?
A: Short circuit: low resistance path. Open circuit: break in circuit.
Q: What is a capacitor and what is its function?
A: Capacitor stores energy in an electric field.
Q: What is an inductor?
A: Inductor stores energy in a magnetic field.
Q: What is the function of a diode?
A: Allows current in one direction.
Q: What is the difference between a conductor, semiconductor, and insulator?
A: Conductor: easy current flow; Semiconductor: moderate; Insulator: blocks flow.
Q: What are the types of semiconductors?
A: Intrinsic (pure) and Extrinsic (doped).
Basic Electronics Interview Questions with Answers
Circuit Theory & Components
Q: What is a resistor and how does it work?
A: Limits current flow and drops voltage.
Q: What are series and parallel circuits?
A: Series: same current; Parallel: same voltage.
Q: What is a voltage divider?
A: Divides voltage using resistors.
Q: What is a transistor? Types?
A: Amplifies or switches signals. Types: BJT and MOSFET.
Q: What is the use of a Zener diode?
A: Used for voltage regulation.
Q: What are active and passive components?
A: Active: need power (transistor); Passive: dont (resistor).
Q: What is a relay?
A: Electromechanical switch controlled by electricity.
Q: What is a multimeter?
A: Measures voltage, current, resistance.
Q: What is the function of an op-amp?
A: Amplifies voltage. Used in analog circuits.
Q: What is a filter circuit?
A: Removes unwanted frequency components.
Basic Electronics Interview Questions with Answers
Power & Signals
Q: What is RMS voltage?
A: Effective value of AC. VRMS = Vpeak / 2
Q: What is the frequency of household power supply in India?
A: 50 Hz
Q: What is the difference between analog and digital signals?
A: Analog: continuous; Digital: discrete (0s and 1s).
Q: What is noise in electronics?
A: Unwanted electrical signals.
Q: What is signal conditioning?
A: Modifying a signal for proper processing.
Q: Explain the working of a rectifier.
A: Converts AC to DC.
Q: What is the purpose of a voltage regulator?
A: Maintains constant output voltage.
Q: What is the use of a fuse?
A: Breaks the circuit when current is too high.
Digital Electronics & Logic
Q: What are logic gates? List types.
A: Logic gates perform logical operations. Types: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR.
Q: What is a flip-flop?
Basic Electronics Interview Questions with Answers
A: Stores one bit of data.
Q: What is a microcontroller? How is it different from a microprocessor?
A: Microcontroller has CPU, memory, I/O. Microprocessor is just the CPU.
Q: What is PWM?
A: Pulse Width Modulation: controls power by varying duty cycle.
Q: Explain pull-up and pull-down resistors.
A: Used to ensure a defined logic level.
Q: What is debouncing?
A: Eliminates noise caused by switch bounce.
