1. Write a program for insertion and deletion operations in an array.

#include <stdio.h>
int a[20], n, val, i, pos;
void display();
void insert();
void del();
int main() {
int choice;
printf("\nEnter the size of the array elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\nEnter the elements for the array:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}
do {
printf("\n\n--------Menu-----------\n");
printf("1. Insert\n");
printf("2. Delete\n");
printf("3. Exit\n");
printf("-----------------------\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
insert();
break;
case 2:
del();
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
printf("\nInvalid choice!\n");
}
} while (choice != 3);
return 0;
}

void display() {
printf("\nThe array elements are:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
void insert() {
printf("\nEnter the position for the new element: ");
scanf("%d", &pos);
printf("\nEnter the element to be inserted: ");
scanf("%d", &val);
for (i = n-1; i >= pos-1; i--) {
a[i+1] = a[i];
 }
a[pos - 1] = val;
n = n + 1;

display();
}

void del() {
printf("\nEnter the position of the element to be deleted: ");
scanf("%d", &pos);

val = a[pos - 1];

for (i = pos - 1; i < n - 1; i++) {
a[i] = a[i + 1];
}
n = n - 1;

printf("\nThe deleted element is = %d", val);

display();
}
2. Write a program to search for an element in an array using Linear Search
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to perform linear search

int linearSearch(int arr[], int size, int target) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (arr[i] == target) {
return i; // Return the index of the target element
}
}
return -1; // Target not found
}

int main() {
int arr[20], n, target, result;

// Input number of elements and array elements

printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

// Input the target element to search

printf("Enter the element to search: ");
scanf("%d", &target);

// Perform linear search

result = linearSearch(arr, n, target);
 // Display the result
if (result == -1) {
printf("Element not found in the array.\n");
} else {
printf("Element found at index %d.\n", result);
}

return 0;
}
3. Write a program to search for an element in an array using Binary Search
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to perform binary search

int binarySearch(int arr[], int size, int number) {
int low = 0, high = size - 1, mid;

while (low <= high) {

mid = (low + high) / 2;

if (arr[mid] == number) {
return mid; // Target found, return index
}

// If target is greater, ignore the left half

if (arr[mid] < number) {
low = mid + 1;
}
// If target is smaller, ignore the right half
else {
high = mid - 1;
}
}

return -1; // Target not found

}

int main() {
int arr[20], n, number, result;

// Input number of elements and array elements

printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements in ascending order:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

// Input the target element to search

printf("Enter the element to search: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
 // Perform binary search
result = binarySearch(arr, n, number);

// Display the result

if (result == -1) {
printf("Element not found in the array.\n");
} else {
printf("Element found at index %d.\n", result);
}

return 0;
}
4. Write a program to sort an array using Bubble Sort
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[20], n;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements :\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);}

return 0;
}
5. Write a program to sort an array using Selection Sort

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[20], n;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements :\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
int min= i;
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
 if (arr[j] < arr[min]) {
min = j;
}
}
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[min];
arr[min] = temp;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);}

return 0;
}
6. Write a program to sort an array using insertion Sort
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[20], n,i,j;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements :\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int key = arr[i];
int j = i - 1;
while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
j = j - 1;
}
arr[j + 1] = key;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);}

return 0;
}
7. Write a program to merge two arrays
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int ar1[10],ar2[10],n1,n2,i,arr[50];
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("\nelements of the first array are : \n");
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &ar1[i]);
}
printf("\n\nEnter the number of elements for second array: ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
for (i = 0; i < n2; i++)
 {
printf("Enter element %d:\n", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &ar2[i]);
}

for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)

{
arr[i] = ar1[i];
}
for (i = 0; i < n2; i++)
{
arr[n1 + i] = ar2[i];
}
printf("Array after merging the two arrays:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n1 + n2; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}

return 0;
}
8. Write a program to add two matrix

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int m, n, i, j;
printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrices: ");
scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
int a[m][n], b[m][n], c[m][n];
printf("Enter the elements of matrix A: \n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the elements of matrix B: \n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}
}
// add the matrices
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}
}
// print the result
printf("The sum of the two matrices is: \n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
printf("%d ", c[i][j]);
 }
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

9. Write a program to Subtract two matrix

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int m, n, i, j;
printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrices: ");
scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
int a[m][n], b[m][n], c[m][n];
printf("Enter the elements of matrix A: \n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the elements of matrix B: \n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}
}
// add the matrices
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
c[i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j];
}
}
// print the result
printf("The sum of the two matrices is: \n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
printf("%d ", c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

10. Write a program to Multiply two matrix

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int r1,r2,c1,c2;
printf("Enter number of rows for First Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&r1);
printf("Enter number of columns for First Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&c1);
printf("Enter number of rows for Second Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&r2);
printf("Enter number of columns for Second Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&c2);
if(c1!=r2)
{
printf("Matrices Can't be multiplied together");
}
else
{
int a[r1][c1],b[r2][c2],c[r1][c2];
printf("Enter first matrix elements \n");
for(int i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter Second matrix elements\n");
for(int i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}

for(int i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;

// Multiplying i’th row with j’th column

for(int k=0;k<c1;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("Multiplied matrix\n");
for(int i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
 return 0;
}
11. Stack Operations

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 15
int stack[MAX], top = -1, item;
void push();
void pop();
void display();

int main() {
printf("\n\t\t\t*** STACK OPERATION ***\n");

int ch;
do {
printf("\nMenu : ");
printf("\n1. Push");
printf("\n2. Pop");
printf("\n3. Display");
printf("\n4. Exit");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);

switch(ch) {
case 1:
push();
break;
case 2:
pop();
break;
case 3:
display();
break;
case 4:
break;
default:
printf("\nInvalid Entry");
}
} while(ch != 4);

return 0;
}

void push() {
if(top == MAX - 1) {
printf("\nOVERFLOW");
} else {
top++;
printf("\nEnter an item: ");
scanf("%d", &item);
stack[top] = item;
 printf("\nInserted successfully");
}
}

void pop() {
if(top == -1) {
printf("\nUNDERFLOW");
} else {
item = stack[top];
top--;
printf("\n%dDeleted successfully",item);
}
}

void display() {
if(top == -1) {
printf("\nStack is empty");
} else {
for(int i = top; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d\n", stack[i]);
}
}
}
12. QUEUE OPERATIONS
#include <stdio.h>

int que[15], n, front = 0, rear = 0, item;

void enqueue();
void dequeue();
void display();

int main() {
int ch;
printf("\nEnter size of queue: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\n\t\t\t***QUEUE OPERATIONS***\n");

do {
printf("\nMenu:\n1. Insert\n2. Delete\n3. Display\n4. Exit");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch) {
case 1:
enqueue();
break;
case 2:
dequeue();
break;
case 3:
display();
break;
 case 4:
printf("\nExiting program...\n");
break;
default:
printf("\nInvalid Entry\n");
}
} while (ch != 4);

return 0;
}

// Function to insert an element into the queue

void enqueue() {
if (rear == n) {
printf("\nQueue Overflow! Cannot insert more elements.\n");
} else {
printf("\nEnter an item: ");
scanf("%d", &item);
que[rear] = item;
rear++;
printf("\nInserted Successfully!\n");
display();
}
}

// Function to remove an element from the queue

void dequeue() {
if (front == rear) {
printf("\nQueue Underflow! No elements to delete.\n");
} else {
printf("\nDeleted item: %d\n", que[front]);
front++; // Move the front forward
display();
}
}

// Function to display the queue elements

void display() {
if (front == rear) {
printf("\nQueue is empty.\n");
} else {
printf("\nQueue elements: ");
for (int i = front; i < rear; i++) {
printf("%d ", que[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
13. CIRCULAR QUEUE OPERATIONS

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define size 5

int main()
{
int arr[size],R=-1,F=0,count=0,ch,n,i,x;

for(;;) // An infinite loop

{

printf("\n1. Add");
printf("\n2. Delete");
printf("\n3. Display");
printf("\n4. Exit");
printf("\nEnter Choice: ");
scanf("%d",&ch);

switch(ch)
{
case 1:
if(count==size)
{
printf("Queue is full");
}
else
{
printf("Enter a number ");
scanf("%d",&n);
R=(R+1)%size;
arr[R]=n;
count=count+1;
}
break;

case 2:
if(count==0)
{
printf("Queue is empty");
}
else
{
printf("Number Deleted = %d",arr[F]);
F=(F+1)%size;
count=count-1;
}
break;

case 3:
if(count==0)
{
printf("Queue is empty");

}
 else
{
x=F;
for(i=1; i<=count; i++)
{
printf("%d ",arr[x]);
x=(x+1)%size;
}

}
break;

case 4:
exit(0);
break;

default:
printf("Wrong Choice");

}
}
return 0;
}

14. Program to Insert a Node in Singly Linked List

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Node {
int data;
struct Node *next;
};

struct Node *head = NULL; // Head of the linked list

// Function to insert at the beginning

void insertAtBeginning(int value) {
struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;
newNode->next = head;
head = newNode;
printf("Inserted %d at the beginning.\n", value);
}

// Function to insert at the end

void insertAtEnd(int value) {
struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;
newNode->next = NULL;

if (head == NULL) {
head = newNode;
} else {
struct Node *temp = head;
while (temp->next != NULL)
temp = temp->next;
temp->next = newNode;
}
printf("Inserted %d at the end.\n", value);
}

// Function to insert at a specified position

void insertAtPosition(int value, int position) {
struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;

if (position == 1) { // Insert at beginning if position is 1

newNode->next = head;
head = newNode;
} else {
struct Node *temp = head;
for (int i = 1; temp != NULL && i < position - 1; i++)
temp = temp->next;
 if (temp == NULL) {
printf("Position out of range\n");
free(newNode);
return;
}
newNode->next = temp->next;
temp->next = newNode;
}
printf("Inserted %d at position %d.\n", value, position);
}

// Function to display the linked list

void displayList() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node *temp = head;
printf("Linked List: ");
while (temp != NULL) {
printf("%d -> ", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
}

// Main function with switch case menu

int main() {
int choice, value, position;

do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Insert at Beginning\n");
printf("2. Insert at End\n");
printf("3. Insert at Specified Position\n");
printf("4. Display List\n");
printf("5. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
 case 1:
printf("Enter value to insert at beginning: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
insertAtBeginning(value);
break;

case 2:
printf("Enter value to insert at end: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
insertAtEnd(value);
break;

case 3:
printf("Enter value and position to insert: ");
scanf("%d %d", &value, &position);
insertAtPosition(value, position);
break;

case 4:
displayList();
break;

case 5:
printf("Exiting program.\n");
break;

default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 5);

return 0;
}
15. Program to Delete a Node in Singly Linked List

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Node {
int data;
struct Node *next;
};

struct Node *head = NULL; // Head of the linked list

// Function to insert at the beginning

void insertAtBeginning(int value) {
struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;
newNode->next = head;
head = newNode;
printf("Inserted %d at the beginning.\n", value);
}

// Function to delete from the beginning

void deleteFromBeginning() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("List is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node *temp = head;
head = head->next;
free(temp);
printf("Deleted node from the beginning.\n");
}

// Function to delete from the end

void deleteFromEnd() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("List is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node *temp = head;
if (head->next == NULL) {
free(head);
head = NULL;
 } else {
struct Node *prev = NULL;
while (temp->next != NULL) {
prev = temp;
temp = temp->next;
}
prev->next = NULL;
free(temp);
}
printf("Deleted node from the end.\n");
}

// Function to delete from a specified position

void deleteFromPosition(int position) {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("List is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node *temp = head;
if (position == 1) {
head = head->next;
free(temp);
printf("Deleted node from position %d.\n", position);
return;
}
struct Node *prev = NULL;
for (int i = 1; temp != NULL && i < position; i++) {
prev = temp;
temp = temp->next;
}
if (temp == NULL) {
printf("Position out of range.\n");
return;
}
prev->next = temp->next;
free(temp);
printf("Deleted node from position %d.\n", position);
}

// Function to display the linked list

void displayList() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node *temp = head;
printf("Linked List: ");
while (temp != NULL) {
printf("%d -> ", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}

// Main function with switch case menu

int main() {
int choice, value, position;

do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Insert a node\n");
printf("2. Delete from Beginning\n");
printf("3. Delete from End\n");
printf("4. Delete from Specified Position\n");
printf("5. Display List\n");
printf("6. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter value to insert at beginning: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
insertAtBeginning(value);
break;

case 2:
deleteFromBeginning();
 break;

case 3:
deleteFromEnd();
break;

case 4:
printf("Enter position to delete: ");
scanf("%d", &position);
deleteFromPosition(position);
break;

case 5:
displayList();
break;

case 6:
printf("Exiting program.\n");
break;

default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 6);

return 0;
}
16. Searching a Value in the Linked List

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Node {
int data;
struct Node *next;
};

struct Node *head = NULL; // Head of the linked list

// Function to insert at the beginning

void insertAtBeginning(int value) {
 struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;
newNode->next = head;
head = newNode;
printf("Inserted %d at the beginning.\n", value);
}

// Function to search for a value in the linked list

void search(int value) {
struct Node *temp = head;
int pos = 1;
while (temp != NULL) {
if (temp->data == value) {
printf("Value %d found at position %d.\n", value, pos);
return;
}
temp = temp->next;
pos++;
}
printf("Value %d not found in the list.\n", value);
}

// Function to display the linked list

void displayList() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node *temp = head;
printf("Linked List: ");
while (temp != NULL) {
printf("%d -> ", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}
// Main function with switch case menu
int main() {
int choice, value;

do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Insert a node\n");
printf("2. Search\n");
printf("3. Display\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter value to insert at beginning: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
insertAtBeginning(value);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter value to search: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
search(value);
break;
case 3:
displayList();
break;

case 4:
printf("Exiting program.\n");
break;

default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

return 0;
}
 17. a program to perform the following operations in a Doubly Linked List: (a) Create
(b) Search for an element
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Node structure for Doubly Linked List

struct Node {
int data;
struct Node * next;
struct Node * prev;
};

struct Node* head = NULL; // Head of the list

// Function to create a new node

void create(int value) {
struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;
newNode->next = NULL;
newNode->prev = NULL;

if (head == NULL) {
head = newNode;
} else {
struct Node* temp = head;
while (temp->next != NULL) {
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next = newNode;
newNode->prev = temp;
}
printf("Inserted %d into the list.\n", value);
}

// Function to search for an element

void search(int value) {
 struct Node* temp = head;
int pos = 1;
while (temp != NULL) {
if (temp->data == value) {
printf("Element %d found at position %d.\n", value, pos);
return;
}
temp = temp->next;
pos++;
}
printf("Element %d not found in the list.\n", value);
}

// Function to display the list

void display() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("The list is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node* temp = head;
printf("Doubly Linked List: ");
while (temp != NULL) {
printf("%d <-> ", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}

// Main function with menu

int main() {
int choice, value;
do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Create\n");
printf("2. Search\n");
printf("3. Display\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
 switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter value to insert: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
create(value);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter value to search: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
search(value);
break;
case 3:
display();
break;
case 4:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

return 0;
}
18. Write a program to perform the following operations in a Circular Linked List: (a)
Create (b) Search an element
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Node structure for Circular Linked List

struct Node {
int data;
struct Node* next;
};

struct Node* head = NULL;

// Function to create a new node in Circular Linked List

void create(int value) {
struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (newNode == NULL) {
 printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
return;
}
newNode->data = value;
newNode->next = NULL;

if (head == NULL) {
head = newNode;
head->next = head;
} else {
struct Node* temp = head;
while (temp->next != head) {
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next = newNode;
newNode->next = head;
}
printf("Inserted %d into the list.\n", value);
}

// Function to search for an element in Circular Linked List

void search(int value) {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("List is empty.\n");
return;
}
struct Node* temp = head;
int pos = 1;
do {
if (temp->data == value) {
printf("Element %d found at position %d.\n", value, pos);
return;
}
temp = temp->next;
pos++;
} while (temp != head);

printf("Element %d not found in the list.\n", value);

}

// Function to display Circular Linked List

void display() {
if (head == NULL) {
printf("List is empty.\n");
 return;
}
struct Node* temp = head;
printf("Circular Linked List: ");
do {
printf("%d -> ", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
} while (temp != head);
printf("(head)\n");
}

// Main function with menu

int main() {
int choice, value;
do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Create\n");
printf("2. Search\n");
printf("3. Display\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter value to insert: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
create(value);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter value to search: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
search(value);
break;
case 3:
display();
break;
case 4:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
 default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 4);

return 0;
}

19. Write a program to perform the following operations on a binary search tree. (a)
Preorder Traversal (b) Inorder Traversal (c) Postorder Traversal

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node {
int info;
struct Node* left;
struct Node* right;
};

struct Node* root = NULL;

struct Node* createNode(int value) {

struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
newNode->info = value;
newNode->left = newNode->right = NULL;
return newNode;
}

void addNode(int value) {

struct Node* newNode = createNode(value);
if (root == NULL) {
root = newNode;
printf("Node having value %d is added\n", value);
return;
}

struct Node* current = root;

struct Node* parent = NULL;
 while (current != NULL) {
parent = current;
if (value > current->info) {
current = current->right;
} else if (value < current->info) {
current = current->left;
} else {
printf("\nValue %d is duplicate and not allowed\n", value);
free(newNode);
return;
}
}

if (value > parent->info) {

parent->right = newNode;
} else {
parent->left = newNode;
}
printf("Node having value %d is added\n", value);
}

void inorder(struct Node* root) {

if (root != NULL) {
inorder(root->left);
printf("[%d] ", root->info);
inorder(root->right);
}
}

void preorder(struct Node* root) {

if (root != NULL) {
printf("[%d] ", root->info);
preorder(root->left);
preorder(root->right);
}
}

void postorder(struct Node* root) {

if (root != NULL) {
postorder(root->left);
 postorder(root->right);
printf("[%d] ", root->info);
}
}

int main() {
int ch, value;
do {
printf("\n1. Add Node");
printf("\n2. Inorder Traversal");
printf("\n3. Preorder Traversal");
printf("\n4. Postorder Traversal");
printf("\n5. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch) {
case 1:
printf("Enter the value: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
addNode(value);
break;
case 2:
if (root == NULL)
printf("Tree is empty\n");
else {
printf("Inorder Traversal: ");
inorder(root);
printf("\n");
}
break;
case 3:
if (root == NULL)
printf("Tree is empty\n");
else {
printf("Preorder Traversal: ");
preorder(root);
printf("\n");
}
break;
case 4:
 if (root == NULL)
printf("Tree is empty\n");
else {
printf("Postorder Traversal: ");
postorder(root);
printf("\n");
}
break;
case 5:
printf("Exiting...\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice!\n");
}
} while (ch != 5);
return 0;
}

20. Write a program to perform the following using recursion: (a) Find the factorial of
a number (b)Generate Fibonacci Series
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to find factorial using recursion

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

// Function to generate Fibonacci series using recursion

int fibonacci(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 0;
else if (n == 1)
return 1;
return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
}

int main() {
 int choice, num, i;
do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Find Factorial\n");
printf("2. Generate Fibonacci Series\n");
printf("3. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter a number to find factorial: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("Factorial of %d is: %d\n", num, factorial(num));
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the number of terms for Fibonacci series: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("Fibonacci Series: ");
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
printf("%d ", fibonacci(i));
}
printf("\n");
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting...\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
} while (choice != 3);
return 0;
}