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DDA 0101 - Week 2 Notes | PDF | Animation
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DDA 0101 - Week 2 Notes

The document introduces early animation devices, starting with the thaumatrope in 1825, which created the illusion of a combined image when spun. It continues with the phenakistoscope (1833), zoetrope (1865), flip book (1868), and praxinoscope (1877), detailing their mechanisms and historical significance. A student activity is suggested to further explore these devices through a video clip.

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73 views6 pages

DDA 0101 - Week 2 Notes

The document introduces early animation devices, starting with the thaumatrope in 1825, which created the illusion of a combined image when spun. It continues with the phenakistoscope (1833), zoetrope (1865), flip book (1868), and praxinoscope (1877), detailing their mechanisms and historical significance. A student activity is suggested to further explore these devices through a video clip.

Uploaded by

arthurwanyagah01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic 1: INTRODUCTION

T1: Early animation devices and inventions

1. Thaumatrope (1825)
 In April 1825 the first thaumatrope was published by
W. Phillips (and became a popular toy.
 The pictures on either side of a small cardboard disc
seem to blend into one combined image when it is
twirled quickly by the attached strings.
Topic 1: INTRODUCTION

2. Phenakistoscope (1833)
 The phenakistoscope was the first animation device using
rapid successive substitution of sequential pictures.
 The pictures are evenly spaced radially around a disc, with
small rectangular apertures at the rim of the disc. The
animation could be viewed through the slits of the spinning
disc in front of a mirror.
 It was invented in November or December 1832 by the
Belgian Joseph Plateau and almost simultaneously by the
Austrian Simon von Stampfer.
Topic 1: INTRODUCTION

3. Zoetrope
 The Zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices
that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a
sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive
phases of that motion. It was basically a cylindrical
variation of the phénakisticope.
 n 1865, William Ensign Lincoln invented the definitive
zoetrope with easily replaceable strips of images. It also
had an illustrated paper disc on the base, which was not
always exploited on the commercially produced versions.
Topic 1: INTRODUCTION

4. Flip book (kineograph) (1868)


 John Barnes Linnett patented the first flip book in 1868 as
the kineograph.
 A flip book is a small book with relatively springy pages,
each having one in a series of animation images located
near its unbound edge.
 The user bends all of the pages back, normally with the
thumb, then by a gradual motion of the hand allows them
to spring free one at a time.
Topic 1: INTRODUCTION

5. Praxinoscope (1877)
 French inventor Charles-Émile Reynaud developed the
praxinoscope in 1876 and patented it in 1877.
 It is similar to the zoetrope but instead of the slits in the
cylinder it has twelve rectangular mirrors placed evenly
around the center of the cylinder. Each mirror reflects
another image of the picture strip placed opposite on the
inner wall of the cylinder.
 The praxinoscope allowed a much clearer view of the
moving image compared to the zoetrope, since the
zoetrope's images were actually mostly obscured by the
spaces in between its slits.
Topic 1: INTRODUCTION

 Student activity
 To understand the working mechanisms behind early animation devices watch
this video clip. https://youtu.be/fQGYQzfuAA8

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