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Textbook of

DRAWING
7

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Grade

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a lB
ion
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National Book Foundation

as
Federal Textbook Board
Islamabad
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 Click https://bit.ly/FG-Books to download all PDF FG books for FREE

Textbook of

DRAWING

n
Grade

io
at
7
u nd
Fo
k
oo
a lB
ion
at
N

National Book Foundation

as
Federal Textbook Board
Islamabad
 Click https://bit.ly/FG-Books to download all PDF FG books for FREE

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io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo
a lB
ion
at
N
 Click https://bit.ly/FG-Books to download all PDF FG books for FREE

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k
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a lB
ion
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N
 Click https://bit.ly/FG-Books to download all PDF FG books for FREE

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo
a lB
ion
at
N
 Click https://bit.ly/FG-Books to download all PDF FG books for FREE

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io
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u nd
Fo
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a lB
ion
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6
1 Essentials of Drawing

1
ESSENTIALS OF DRAWING
This is 12 days lesson (period including homework)

n
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

io
• Recall knowledge and use of drawing instruments. Know and use the following

at
geometrical instrument: Scale, divider, protectors, compasses and setsquares. Use
scales and dividers to measure lengths.

nd
• Know and use the following Drawing, Art and Craft materials. Instruments and tools
according to assignment: pencil colours, crayons, powder colours; Water/Poster

u
colours, coloured paper, butter paper, scrape paper, cardboard, hardboard, paint
Fo
brushes, paper cutting scissors, glue, materials required for model making, samples
collected from nature and surroundings.
• Recall knowledge of, and exhibit proficiency in practical and safe use of Drawing, Art
k

and Craft materials and tools. Recall previous knowledge of free Hand sketching.
oo

• Understand concept of Blocking in Free Hand Sketching. Demonstrate ability to select

symmetrical and asymmetrical objects or their combinations for compositions.
•
lB

Recall and use knowledge of types of straight and curved lines and their differences;
draw these lines freehand and with geometrical instruments. Note the difference in
effect they produced.
a

• Observe record and draw with drawing instruments, objects from surroundings, using
on

types of lines, their combinations and the impressions produced. Recall knowledge of
shape acquired earlier.
•
i

Draw and use geometrical instruments; triangle, square, rectangle, circle of different
at

sizes.
• Render these shapes use knowledge of rendering techniques, colour combination and
N

medium of choice. Combine shapes creatively to make innovative patterns and objects.
• Recall basic solids and their dimensions. Comprehend concept of projection as basic
method of drawing solids. Study each side/view of the solid separately as a separate
plane.
• Show ability to note and understand differences of shape and measurement of real and
drawn objects in 3D.Comprehend basic rules of drawing orthographic projection, 2D
projections.
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7
1 Essentials of Drawing
• Develop ability to draw with geometrical instruments and freehand, Orthographic
projections of solids; cubes and cuboids. Cut different views to make solids. Compose
in a variety of combinations
• Develop ability to draw with geometrical instruments and freehand, Isometric and
Oblique projections of cubes and cuboids and observe difference. Apply techniques to
render using medium of choice.

n
io
Reading

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MATERIALS AND TOOLS

nd
Tools and materials play very important role in an art work. Tools and

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materials bestow life to ideas, feelings and expressions. There are many different
Fo
types of tools and materials. Important tools and materials and their safety is
discussed below.
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Plane and solid Geometry: Materials and Tools

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Scale: An instrument used to draw straight

lines in technical drawings and to measure
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distances.
a
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Divider
Dividers are used for transferring
i

measurements. Dividers are different from

at

compasses because they don’t draw

N

anything.
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8
1 Essentials of Drawing

Protractor
Protractor is a circular or semicircular geometrical
tool, used for measuring and drawing angles.

n
Compass

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Compass is a tool used for drawing circles, arcs

at
or other geometrical constructions. There are two

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parts in a compass. One part is sharp and other
part can grip a pencil for construction.

u
Fo
Setsquare
Setsquares are triangles made of flat piece of
k

plastic/ metal. Basically they are used for drawing

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straight lines and angles.

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T Square
a

T Square is a technical drawing tool. Used in

on

Mechanical drawings and also used for drawing

horizontal, diagonal and vertical lines.
i
at
N

Drawing board
Drawing board is a flat rectangular board used to
place paper for drawings / sketching.
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9
1 Essentials of Drawing

Papers
There are many types of papers like
glazed paper, Scholar sheets, news print
papers etc.

n
io
ART AND CRAFT TOOLS AND MATERIALS

at
nd
Pencil Colours

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Mainly used in sketching and colouring. Fo
Pencil colours can be easily erased.
k
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Crayons
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It is a soft coloured wax pencil or stick

used for paintings and drawings.
a
i on
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Powder colours
N

In this medium we use water as a solvent

and applied with a brush such as
water/poster colours.
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10
1 Essentials of Drawing

Coloured papers
There are different types of coloured
papers such as glazed Papers, crepe
paper, card sheets and pastel sheets used
for drawings, paintings and collage.

n
io
at
Butter paper

nd
It is a transparent paper. You can place it
over original drawings for tracing and for

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saving the painting / drawing from dust
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and smudging.
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Scrap paper
Scrap papers are small pieces of different
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type of paper. They may be used for

collage.
a
ion
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Cardboard
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It is a thick stiff paper used for making

boxes, cover of books, etc and come in
wide range of colours and textures.
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11
1 Essentials of Drawing
Hardboard
It is a stiff board made from small pieces of
wood that have been crushed.

n
Paint brushes

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Brush is a tool used for painting. The styles

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of brush tips are different. Shorthanded
round brushes are for water colour or ink

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drawings while flat long handed brushes
are for acrylic and oil paints.

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Fo
Paper cutting scissors
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Scissors is an instrument consisting of

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two blades and used for cutting paper or

cloth.
a lB
on

Glue
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It is a sticky substance used for joining

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things.
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12
1 Essentials of Drawing

Instruction

• Art and craft materials contain toxic substances, be careful in

their use.

n
• Don't take risks like sucking the hairy end of paint brush.

io
at
• Penetration of the pencil lead into the body may leads to severe

nd
injury.

u
Fo
• Be cautious in using cutters and scissors.
k
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• Keep art materials away from face or eyes to prevent skin and
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eye irritation.
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• Keep sprays and fixatives away from face and should be used
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in well ventilated rooms or outdoors.

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at

• At the end of the art project must wash your hands with soap.
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• Mount the finished art work for appealing look and keep it in
your art portfolio for safety; to prevent from atmospheric effects
and dust.
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13
1 Essentials of Drawing

FREEHAND SKETCHING
Freehand sketching is an important feature for learning of drawing skills. There are
no set rules adopted in freehand sketching but we can categorize it in different
manners e.g., blocking-in free
hand sketching. In freehand
sketching one can move pencil or

n
charcoal on a surface/paper

io
according to observation. On the

at
other side, blocking-in is also a
quickest method of drawing. The

nd
way to start a drawing, simply pick
out the basic directions of the lines.

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With these adaptations of lines Fo
simple geometrical figures may be
formed. Such as the square,
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rectangle, triangles etc. For

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blocking-in method, lines should be

marked in the drawing by pencil in
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a very lighter tone. Unnecessary

lines can be erased after finalizing
a

the sketch. In free hand sketching

on

and blocking-in method follow

these compositional rules for better
i

results. Such as elements and

at

principles of composition line,

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shape, colour, form, texture

emphasis, rhythm, balance,
repetition and contrast.
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14
1 Essentials of Drawing

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io
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u nd
Fo
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ion
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15
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity-1

FREEHAND SKETCHING
Materials Required: Objects from nature/surrounding, Paper/Sketch book and
Crayons. Arrange objects. Start drawing carefully with observation. Remember
if grained paper is not available you can use rough side of card sheet not glazed

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and smooth side.

io
at
u nd
Fo
k

Observe and add details carefully as there is no margin to erase crayons or

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pastels. Finalize sketch.

a lB
i on
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N

Tip: Scratch out small and unnecessary lines with a craft knife because you
cannot erase it by using eraser. Crayon can be easily scratched because
of the wax content.
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16
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity-2
1.1
Drawing with Blocking in Method
Materials Required: Objects from nature/surrounding, Paper/Sketch book and
Black lead pencil. Pick out the general outline of the form in simple geometrical
shape as shown in picture 2. Draw lightly.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k

Add more details gradually. With this exercise blocking-in method you
oo

correspond with forms which are familiar to the object, such as square, trapezoid
and triangle. Now add more details and complete sketch erasing unnecessary
lB

lines.
a
i on
at
N

Explore and Respond:

After completion of your illustration/sketch explore and experiment which technique and
material is suitable to render.
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17
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity-3

Cut out Design in Symmetrical Balance

Materials Required: Crepe paper, Card sheet, Glue, Scissors and Cutter.
Start work with a rectangular piece of card sheet. Fold the card sheet in half and
make center line. Draw carefully. Cut out negative areas in detail.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
Place cut-out on table/drawing board and start pasting crepe papers of own
k

choice. When pasting is complete let it dry. Trim extra paper from edges. Finalize
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work.
a lB
i on
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N

Careless use of paper cutter can be harmful. The teacher should instruct
about it.
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18
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity- 4

Still life in Asymmetrical Balance

Materials Required: Object from nature/Surrounding, Sketch book/paper and
Medium of own choice.
Arrange still life in asymmetrical manner. Select an area, mark center lines

n
and carefully draw out line by using black lead pencil.

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at
u nd
Fo
Observe and add more details to complete drawing. Sketch lightly. Start shading
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to give it depth and weight. Use light, medium and dark tones. Finalize drawing.
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a lB
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You can use drawing pencils of different grades, or work with a single pencil
N

(HB – 2B).

Teacher should instruct students to avoid unnecessary dark marks on paper

which cannot be erased completely.
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19
1 Essentials of Drawing

Reading

PLANES AND SOLIDS

In previous book (6th class) we learnt about geometrical shapes and forms and
their importance in an art work. Now in this book, we will study about the effective
use of shapes, forms, designs and projection.

n
Projection: The construction of lines drawn on a surface/paper in a systematic

io
manner is called projection. In projection method, the knowledge about eye level is

at
very important. Eye level refers to the height and position of a mass or object in
relation to the surface. There are different eye levels. For example below eye level

nd
and above eye level. Eye level also helps to identify the point in which parallel lines
converging on one point known as vanishing point.

u
There are different types of projection such as isometric,
Fo
oblique and orthographic projection.

Isometric Projection: Isometric projection is a

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method of visual representation of three dimensional

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objects in two dimensional drawing. In isometric

projection all the sides of a cube have equal dimensions.
a lB

Oblique Projection: Oblique projection is a

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graphical projection used for producing drawings, two

dimensional images of 3D objects.
i
at
N

Orthographic Projection: Orthographic projection

is a method of representing three dimensional objects in
two dimensional drawings and depicting each side
separately.
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20
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity- 1

Isometric Projection Cube

Materials Required: Object from Nature/Surrounding, Sketch book/Paper and
Crayon/Pencil colours. Take any cubical object. Place the cube in a manner that
two diagonal points are in the center. Draw out lines carefully.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k

Observe and add more details in drawing. After the completion of drawing start
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shading to create depth and weight. For the completion add shadows in the
foreground. Do not ignore the middle ground and background.
a lB
i on
at
N

Explore and Respond:

After completion of drawing explore and experiment with other objects and techniques.
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21
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity -2

Oblique Projection Drawing

Materials Required: Sketch book/Paper, Object from Nature /Surrounding
and Crayon/Pencil Colours. Arrange object. Select an area. Observe and draw
lightly by using black lead pencil.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo

Add details and finalize drawing. Start rendering by using crayons or other
medium of own choice. Use light, medium and dark tones to create weight and
lB

depth. Also add darker shadows under the object in the foreground, also use
small bit of shading in background to finalize painting.
a
i on
at
N
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22
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity- 3

Orthographic Projection
Materials Required: Object from Surrounding/Nature, Sketch book/Paper and
Pencil/Crayon. Select material from surrounding/nature according to assign
project. Through this activity we will learn about orthographic projection. Here we

n
will study and draw each side/view of the object separately as a separate plane.

io
Observe and draw carefully.

at
u nd
Fo
k
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Add details and draw front view, back view, top view and side view as a separate
lB

plane. Finalize work.

a
i on
at
N

Orthographic projection has its own importance because it gives us a very clear
method of communicating ideas and objects. It is a technical language.
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23
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity - 4

Dot to Dot Lines

Materials Required: Sketch book/Paper, Pencil, Pencil Colours or Markers.
Draw geometrical shapes on a paper/ sketch book by using compass or other
geometrical tools. Fill shapes with freehand straight lines Use straight lines in

n
equal distance.

io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo

Use different colour combinations and different types of lines such as horizontal,
lB

vertical and diagonal lines. Fill it completely and finalize work.

a
i on
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N
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24
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity- 5

Freehand Line Quality Exercise

Materials Required: Sketch book/Paper, Pencil, Pencil Colours or Markers
Draw a geometrical shape on a sketch book/paper.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
Use unbroken curve lines in rhythmic style. Add details and fill it completely with
curve lines and finalize work.
k
oo
a lB
i on
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N

Suggestion
Explore freehand line quality exercise by medium of your own choice such as pencil colours
and markers.
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25
1 Essentials of Drawing
Other examples

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo
lB

• Select an object from surrounding and use different types of lines in it.
a
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N
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26
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity -6

Use of Geometrical Shapes in Freehand Designs

Materials Required: Sketch book/Paper, Pencil, Poster colours, Paint brushes,
Scale and Colour Palette.
Think and discuss about design and colour scheme. Now start work. Draw lightly

n
outline of the box by using scale. Make geometrical design with simple shapes.

io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo

Add details and complete design. Mix up your poster colours with little water in a
colour palette. Remember colour quality should be thick not watery. Take a brush
lB

and start painting. Add details and finalize work.

a
i on
at
N

When painting a design move brush strokes in the same direction to maintain a
smooth layer.
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27
1 Essentials of Drawing

Other examples

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io
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u nd
Fo
k
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a lB
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28
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity 7

Use of Geometrical Shapes in Repeat Designs

Definition: Repeat pattern refers to the arrangement of design/motif in a regular
manner. There are different types of repeat patterns such as block, brick, mirror
and spiral designs.

n
Materials Required: Poster colours, Sketch book/ Paper, Butter Paper, Colour

io
Palette, Brushes, Water Container and Pencil.

at
Think and discuss about the expected design. Draw a square of 2” x 2” as unit
for motif. Then another square of 4”x4” for the repeat with 2”x2” grid. Transfer

nd
your motif on butter paper; repeat it in all the four boxes to create a pattern.

u
Fo
k
oo
a lB

After transferring design take a colour palette and mix colours together with little
on

water to create new variations. Paint the design and finalize work.
i
at
N
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29
1 Essentials of Drawing
A repeat pattern can be done in different manners e.g.
A- BLOCK REPEAT DESIGN
Definition: A block repeat design is in which all the blocks have same placement
as in the unit.
Materials Required: Poster colours, Sketch book/ Paper, Butter Paper, Colour
Palette, Brushes, Water Container and Pencil.

n
Draw a square of 2” x 2” as unit for motif. Then another square of 4”x4” for the

io
repeat with 2”x2” grid. Transfer your design on butter paper and repeat design in
same direction. Finalize drawing.

at
u nd
Fo
k
oo
lB

Mix poster colours with little water and paint your design.
a
i on
at
N

estion
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30
1 Essentials of Drawing

Reading

B- BRICK DESIGN
Definition: A brick design in which every second row is shifted halfway in the
horizontal direction.
Materials Required: Poster colours, Sketch book/ Paper, Butter Paper, Colour

n
Palette, Brushes, Water Container and Pencil.

io
Draw a unit of 2x2 inches on paper/sketch book. Make your design. Then draw a
box of 4x4 inches and divide its upper part into two equal squares of 2x2”. Then

at
divide lower part of box into unequal size boxes such as middle one is in 2x2” and

nd
both sides are in 1x2”. Transfer your design on butter paper and repeat design in
4x4 inches box.

u
Fo
k
oo
lB

Create colourfull design. Completely paint your first unit then paint entire design
with different colour combinations.
a
i on
at
N

Remember
Draw light lines and be careful while painting.
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31
1 Essentials of Drawing

C- MIRROR DESIGN
Definition: Mirror design is a layout in which every second row gives an impression
of mirror image. Mirror design refers to symmetrical balance.
Materials Required: Poster colours, Sketch book/ Paper, Butter Paper, Colour
Palette, Brushes, Water Container and Pencil.

n
Draw a unit of 2x2 inches on paper/sketch book. Make your design. Then draw a

io
box of 4x4 inches. Transfer your design on butter paper and repeat design in a way
in which every second row shows an impression of mirror image. Finalize drawing.

at
u nd
Fo
k
oo

Mix up your poster colours in colour palette. Paint entire design by choice of your
own colour combinations. Finalize work and let it dry.
a lB
i on
at
N

Remember:
Fill a container /bowl full of water to wash brushes. Rinse out the container and
refill it with fresh water when it becomes murky.
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32
1 Essentials of Drawing

D- SPIRAL DESIGN
Definition: A spiral design in which layout is based upon clock wise repetition.
Materials Required: Poster colours, Sketch book/ Paper, Butter Paper, Colour
Palette, Brushes, Water Container and Pencil.
Draw a unit of 2x2 inches on paper/ sketch book. Make your design. Then draw a

n
box of 4x4 inches. Transfer your design on butter paper and repeat design upon

io
clock wise repetition as shown in picture 2.

at
u nd
Fo
k
oo

Mix up poster colours and use variety of brushes to paint entire design
a lB
i on
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N

Think and discuss

Compare all types of repeated designs two find out the similarities and differences.
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33
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity - 8

Collage with Geometrical Shapes

Materials Required: Card sheets, Glue, Scissors and Colour Paper/Old
Colour Magazine.
Create an interesting design. Start work with strips of coloured card sheets.

n
Simply cut any geometrical shape you like by using scissors.

io
at
u nd
Fo
Assemble shapes. Glue inside and paste over the surface. Complete pasting. Let
k

it dry completely. Finalize work.

oo
a lB
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N

Suggestion
Students can use any available material such as foamic sheets, foil paper,
glaze paper etc.
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34
1 Essentials of Drawing
Other examples

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k
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a lB
i on
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N
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35
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity- 9

Drawing Form
Materials Required: Objects from surrounding, Black lead pencil and Sketch
book/Paper.
Here I use spray bottle, box and a ball for drawing form. Start drawing carefully

n
with division of objects. Select area according to the eye level.

io
at
u nd
Fo
k

Observe and complete sketch. Start shading by using light, medium and dark
oo

tones. Now add shadows in foreground to create weight and space. Finalize
work.
a lB
i on
at
N

Tip:
Use fixative/ lacquer spray on your pencil sketch for safety and to prevent from
atmospheric effects and dust.
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36
1 Essentials of Drawing

Activity 10

Making of a solid Cube

Materials Required: Glue, Card sheets, scissors, Pencil and Scale. Take a
square card sheet. Place it over table/drawing board. Construct a grid by dividing
it into six equal squares of 2x2”. Follow as given below.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
Cut out negative areas by using scissors also cut the diagonal lines as showing
picture. Now score lines to create fine creases. To score, use a ruler or the tip of
k

your scissors.
oo
a lB
i on

Make folds.
at
N
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37
1 Essentials of Drawing
Try to make your cuts very straight and smooth. Now fold each line that has been
scored. Gently glue each tab on the inside.

n
io
at
Start pasting. Cut a 2x2” square of card sheet. Glue and paste it over cube to

nd
give it complete look. Let it dry completely and finalize work

u
Fo
k
oo
lB

Final product
a
i on
at
N

Teacher should guide the students to be careful during scoring and cutting. Teacher
may ask the students that during pasting, you join two walls hold it 3 or 4 minutes
when it becomes dry then join other walls.
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38
1 Essentials of Drawing

Reading

MAKING OF A SOLID PYRAMID

Materials Required: Glue, Card sheets,

n
Scissors, Pencil and Scale.

io
at
u nd
Fo
Start work with a square piece of card sheet.
k

Place it over plain surface. Draw a grid pattern

oo

by dividing box into six equal size square

boxes of 2x2 inches. Use scale for
lB

measurement.
a
ion
at

Cut out extra edges by using scissors. Score

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lines to make easier folds. Do not use sharp

edge tool to crease your folds as it can ruin
your art work
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39
1 Essentials of Drawing

Carefully glue each tab from inside and

start pasting. Let it dry and finalize work.

n
io
at
u nd
Fo
k
oo
lB

Other examples
a
i on
at
N
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40
1 Essentials of Drawing

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u nd
Fo
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41
1 Essentials of Drawing

Art Activities

• Draw leaves; create an interesting painting with medium of own choice.

• Draw a still life in asymmetrical balance; in pencil drawing.
• Draw a still life of ceramic pots in symmetrical balance and render with the

n
medium of own choice.

io
• Draw a vase and render it with pencil colours.

at
• Draw a sketch showing center of interest/focal point.
• Make pyramid, cube and cuboid of different sizes by using geometrical

nd
instruments.

u
Fo
k
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a lB
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SUPPLEMENT TO DRAWING

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This is a 10 days lesson
After studying this unit, you will be able to know:-

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• Comprehend principles of composition: balance, emphasis, harmony and contrast.

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• Use these to arrange and draw multiple objects. Observe the effect produced.

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• Use principles of composition to exhibit work.
• Recall knowledge of, and use of colours. Know tone and tint; its effects on objects in light

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and shade. Make a colour wheel with primary and secondary colours.
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• Identify tertiary colours in Nature, immediate/extended surroundings, local crafts and
handicrafts.
• Show proficiency in using these mediums; pencil colours, crayons; and developing
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proficiency in using mediums; water/ poster/ powder colours.

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• Exhibit colour mixing technique to make tertiary colours, tones and tints.
• Make different types of colour combinations; monochromatic, polychromatic,
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complementary and contrast. Show proficiency in rendering drawings and compositions.

Differentiate effect of each medium.
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• Observe the difference in shade and shadow of an object with changing position of source
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of light. Note difference in value; study the effects produced.

• Use and apply these observations while sketching and rendering from different angles.
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• Know and appreciate texture as quality of texture. Understand visual and tactile texture.
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• Observe and differentiate between textures by sight and by touch, present in Nature and
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in immediate/extended surroundings. Prepare textures by selecting materials from

immediate surrounding and pasting on card board. Draw sketch various textures: using a
variety of mediums.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

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2 Supplement to Drawing

Reading

PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
In principles of composition artist applies all visual elements and principles of
composition or design. It is important to know about art elements and its use such

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as colour, line, shape, value, form and texture as well as principles of composition

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like balance, emphasis, rhythm, unity and movement. Use of principles of
composition gives awareness to the students that how to use visual perception and

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visual imagination to create 3D space on a 2D paper.

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POSTER DESIGNING

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Painting is a good way to learn about colours,
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art elements and principles of composition. So
through poster painting we will learn about colours
and freedom of expressions.
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Students must follow basic rules for innovative

poster making.
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• Lettering must be strong, beautiful, balanced and relevant to the topic.

• Theme must be shown in less visual impacts; simple symbols can also
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be used as background.
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• The simplest background can be created by colourful patterns and

paper cuttings
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•
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There must be no blank space in a poster painting.

• Neatness and clarity is must.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 1

POSTER DESIGNING ON WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY

Materials Required: Poster colours, Colour palette, Paper, Water container
and Paint brushes.

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Be creative. Carefully and lightly illustrate out lines by using pencil.

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Finalize drawing. Take a colour palette and select different grades of brushes.
Mix up poster colour in different colour combinations with little water. Carefully
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apply poster paints. It is best to work from negative to positive area.

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Think and discuss: before start working on poster painting discuss about theme, is it
awareness based/campaigned based? Discuss about colour combinations, are they
according to theme and mood of your poster design? Remember your poster should be
informative and purposeful.
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2 Supplement to Drawing
Example

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2 Supplement to Drawing
Create and Make Art Activities
• Make a poster on "Mother's Day"; apply medium of your own choice.

• Create a vibrant poster on "Health"; apply poster colour technique.

• Design a poster on any topic with pieces of coloured papers.

• Select a verse of Allama-Iqbal and make a poster on its topic.

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• Design a poster on "Peace" and apply poster colours.

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COLOUR, LIGHT, SHADE AND

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SHADOW, TEXTURE

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Colour is an integral part of our surrounding; they give us soothing and
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pleasant feelings and make our life colourful. Colours help us to identify things
distinctly. They are symbolically used for communicating our ideas or messages
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without help of words. We need

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only three basic colours to enter

in the world of pigments, the
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world of dreams and beauty.

Red, Yellow and Blue are the
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primary colours. By mixing of

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primary colours secondary

colours are obtained; Purple
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(Violet), Orange and Green.

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2 Supplement to Drawing

USE OF COLOURS
After mixing of primary and secondary colours we can find different types of
colour combinations for example
1. Monochromatic
Monochromatic colour scheme means the colour scheme that consists of

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different values.

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2. Polychromatic
Polychromatic colour scheme means the colour scheme having a variety of
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colours.
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2 Supplement to Drawing
3. Tertiary Colours
By mixing of one part primary colour with one part secondary colour you can
achieve your tertiary colour scheme. Like blue green, yellow green, yellow orange,
red orange, red violet, blue violet. Given below is the scale which may be helpful in
making tertiary colours. The proportions of the colour are given in percentage such
as 50% of blue colour and 20% of green colour makes blue green colour.

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B50 G20 Y50G20 Y50O20 O50R20 R50B20 V50B20

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The teacher will guide the students how to mix colours.

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2 Supplement to Drawing
Observation of tertiary colours in Nature, immediate/extended surroundings, local
crafts and handicrafts.

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2 Supplement to Drawing
4. Value of colour (Shade and tints):
Value is one of the basic elements of visual art. By mixing black to a colour
will produce shades of that colour. Similarly by mixing white to a colour will produce
tints of that colour.

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2 Supplement to Drawing
5. Colour as symbols
Colours play an important role in suggesting ideas and feelings for example

• Red: Danger, Warm, Passion, Aggression and Love.

• Orange: Energy, Vibrance and Warmth.

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• Yellow: Happiness and Summer

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• Green: Nature and Spring.

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• Blue: Cold, Water and Trust. Fo
• Violet: Royalty and Mysterious.
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• Pink: Caring and Calm.

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• Brown: Stability, Practicality and Connection with Earth.

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• Grey: Neutrality, Loss and Self-control.

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• White: Purity and Peace.

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• Black: Power, Fear, Death, Evil and Sadness.

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2 Supplement to Drawing
6. Contrasting (complementary colours)
Each primary colour has complementary or contrasting colour. Secondary
colours have a characteristic of contrast against primary colours. With mixing of
these colours we can make neutral colour (brown).
Following are the pairs of complementary colours

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Red and Green

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Yellow and Purple (Violet)

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Blue and Orange

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2 Supplement to Drawing
7. Light, shade and shadows
There are two categories of lights
i. Natural source of light.
ii. Artificial source of light.
Sunlight and moon light is a natural

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source of light but on the other side bulb,

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candle and tube light is an artificial source of
light. You can use both source of lights to

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create a powerful impact on an object. Strong

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light casts shadows and highlights around the
objects to make three dimensional effect.

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8. Texture
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Texture means a feeling or appearance of a surface. There are two types of
texture.
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i. Tactile texture.
ii. Visual texture
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Example of tactile texture

Tactile texture is a texture that can be felt physically. Visual texture is a texture that
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cannot be felt physically, but visually. For example in a sketch you cannot run your
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fingers across the sketch and feel the texture of the drawing.
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2 Supplement to Drawing
Observation of textures present in Nature and in immediate/extended
surroundings.

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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity – 1
Tactile Texture
Materials Required: Old broken Cd, Jute, Glue, Glaze paper, Crepe paper,
Scissors/Cutter and Sketch book.
Select material. Think and discuss what type of painting are you hoping to

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create? Draw lightly picture of choice by using pencil. Now you need small bits

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of glaze paper, crepe paper. Tear them in small pieces (not very small).

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Now start gluing carefully. Place over the required space. You need a lot of time
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to work on this single object.

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Add more details and complete pasting. Let it dry in a normal temperature.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 2
Tactile Texture with Table Mat
Materials Required: Embossed surface e.g. Mats, Crayons, Pencil colours and
Papers (choose relatively thin paper)
Begin work with a piece of plastic mat and a sketch book. Place it between the

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papers as showing picture 2.

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Take a colour pencil and start colouring with light pressure point (not too light).
Move colour pencil on entire textured surface in a same direction. Colours may
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be mixed together to create new variations. Finalize work.

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Teacher may ask the students to use any material from nature or
man-made objects, for example, leaves, tree bark, stones, coins,
textured plate, trays, photo frames etc.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 3
Visual Texture
Materials Required: Pencil, Crayons, any type of Paper and Required object.
Select material. Choose object from surrounding/ nature. Observe and illustrate
your object lightly. If pencil outlines are dark, crayon strokes will slip of during

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rendering and look less effective.

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Finalize drawing by adding minute details. Start colouring by using crayons or
other medium of choice. Add details.
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Use shadows to create depth and weight. Now observe difference between
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tactile and visual texture.

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2 Supplement to Drawing

RENDERING TECHNIQUES
(ACCIDENTAL/EXPERIMENTAL ART)

Activity - 1

Ragging

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Materials Required: Rag (Piece of cloth), Poster paints, Card Sheet, Container

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or Bowl.

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Add poster paints in bowl and mix it with little water. Take a rag and dip it into
poster paints.

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Smoothly press your rag on piece of card sheet.

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Finalize work and let it dry.

Teacher may ask the students, do not soak rag (piece of fabric) and you
can do more experimentation in rendering by the use of different colour
combinations.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 2
Melting Crayons
Materials Required: Crayon colours, Iron, Butter paper, Card sheet and Cutter.
Take different colours of crayon sticks and crush them with cutter on card sheet

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after removing the paper cover.

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Cover card sheet with butter paper. Iron it on a low temperature only for a while
ensuring the colours melt.
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End product

Teacher may instruct the students to use melting crayon texture as a

back ground in decorative arts etc.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 3
Textural Background using plastic wrap
Materials Required: Plastic wrap, Poster paints, Brush, Container and Card
sheet of any desired colour.
Add poster paints in bowel and mix it with little water. Apply poster paints on

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piece of card sheet.

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Take a plastic wrap and spread it roughly on wet poster paint layer. Remove
your plastic wrap smoothly after 2 minutes.
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End product
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Teacher may instruct the students that it is important to make the layer of
colour very wet and work quickly, before the colour starts to dry.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 4
Marbling with Marbling Balls
Materials Required: Poster colours, Bottle, Printing paper, Marbling balls, Spoon
and Palette.

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Take poster colours. Add little water in poster colours and mix each colour in

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separate container.

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Take a bottle and turn your paper in a scroll, put it into bottle.
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2 Supplement to Drawing
Dip marble balls into colour.

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Put marbling balls in the container. Use spoon to lift marble balls out of the bowl
and carefully drop them in to the bottle and shake it for 1 to 2 minutes. Repeat
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this step 2 to 3 times with marble dipped in different colours.

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2 Supplement to Drawing
Shake it well and take out your paper.

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Place it over drawing board/table. Let it dry and finalize work
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The teacher may ask the students to be careful with excessive drops of
paint. It can damage the marble print.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Activity - 5

The Art of Paper Dying

Materials Required: Powder dying colours/Food colours, Bottle, Water, paper.
Take a bottle. Fill it with water.

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Add dying/food colours and mix it. Take a paper, crumble it roughly.
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2 Supplement to Drawing
Put the roughly pressed paper into the bottle and shake it for 7 seconds. Gently
take out paper and spread it in tray.

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Other examples with multiple colours.
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Teacher may guide the students to take out paper and dry it in normal
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temperature.
Teacher may ask the students to incorporate techniques on one surface. Apply
these techniques on different objects e.g. wrapping sheets, handmade dairies,
card making etc.
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2 Supplement to Drawing

Art Activities

• Make a colour wheel with primary and secondary colours.

• Identify tertiary colours in nature, immediate/extended surroundings, local
crafts and handicrafts.

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• Cut coloured papers from magazines and put together to make a colour

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wheel.

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• Observe and render values in different light effects.
• Select an object, study the change in the shape of the shadows with

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changing position of source of light (natural or artificial).

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• Make a greeting card using crayons melting technique.
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• Make paper dying sheets in six different colour schemes and use them on
different objects.
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• Make plastic wrap backgrounds with innovative ideas.

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• Create your own marbling images with different colour combinations.

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• Make ragging backgrounds on card sheet with different colour

combinations.
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