Physics Practicals POOLA Topic : Practicals SCHOOL Class ‘9th 9th-PHY-NOT-0001 Experiment No 3 Unruled side (in Pencil) Ruled si¢e (in Pen) Dia gram: TET r (a) (0) Figure 1: Simple Pendulum, Label the different parts of the simple pendulum and write a caption at the bottom of the drawing and name it Figure 1:Simple Pendulum. ‘Observation Table forthe diame 8. | pie [crear | creuar | Observed No} Man [Seno | seaw | Glamecer Seale | reading | teading | =a bin readinga | coneidng | =p°tG) | mn iam with ote | inom ose ne P 1 2 3 Table 1: Observed Diameter of Bob (for time period) . | etecive |timetor20 [time [1Tein No }engint | osatatons | pores | ems! sem [tne | Tata 2 [6 3 | t00 3 | 20 Table 2: Time Period of Pendulum Title;Sirple Pendulum ‘Aim: To measure the time period ofa simple pendulum for different lengths cf the pendulum and find the relationship between the ‘sauare othe time period (T°) and the lenath () ofthe simple pendulum, Also to calculate the value of g (acceleration due to ‘gravity in the lab. ‘Apparatus and material required:Metallc spherical bob, clamp stand, slit cork, fine inextensible string, screw gauge, stop clock and metre scale. ‘Theory: (don’t write tne questions) 1. What is a simple pendulum? ‘A simple pendulum is a mechanical system, consisting of a heavy point mass that is suspended from a rigid support by a light inoxtonaible string. 2. What are the principles of a simple pendulum? ‘When the point mass (bob) is pulled to one side from its mean positon and then released, it moves from one side to another in € vertical plane (two dimensions oniy). The time taken (T) for the point mass (bob) to complete one oscillation depends on the length ofthe pendulum (L) and is independent of the mass of the bob. The square of time taken for one oseilation is directly, proportional o the length ofthe pendulum. 17 = an'() wnere gs acceleration due to gravity Procedure: write the procedure to demonstrate the principle of a simple pendulum, 1. Use the screw gauge to find the diameter of the bob. Measure the diameter of the bob at 3 wiflerent plaves and the average 2. Place the clamp stand on the table. Tie the hook, attached to the pendulum bob, to one end of the string of about 150 cm in length. Pass the other end of the string through two half-pieces of a split cork 3. Clamp the spilt cork firmly inthe clamp stand such that the line ff separation of the two pieces ofthe split cork is aright angles to the Ine OA along which the pendulum oscillates [Fig 13} Mark, witha piece of chalk or ink, on the edge of the table & vertical line parallel to and just behind the vertical string OA, the positon of the bob at rest. Take care thatthe bob hangs ‘vertically beyond the edge ofthe table so that itis tree to oscilate. 4. Measure the effective length ofthe simple pendulum as shown in Fig. 5. Displace the bob to one side, not more than 15 degrees angular displacement (Sem), from the vertical position OA and then release it gently. Make sure thatthe bob starts oscillating in a vertical plane about ts rest (or mean) position OA and does not (i) fin about its own axis, or (i) move up and down while oscilating, oF (i) revolve in an elliptic path around its mean positon. 6. Start the stop-watchiclock as the string attached to the Pendulum bob just crosses its mean position (say, from let to fight). Count it as zero oscilation. 7. Keep on counting oscilations 1,2.3,..,n, everytime the bob crosses the mean position OA in the same direction (trom left to right). Stop the stop.watchiclock,at the count of 20 oscilations, ie., jst when 20 oscillations are complete. Read the total timeTopic : Practicals Physics Practicals POOLA SCHOOL Class :9th _9th-PHY-NOT-0001 Figure 2: Graph showing relationship between T?and |. (1) taken by the bob for 20 oscillations. Compute the time for one scilation, ic. the time period T (= 20) of the pendulum, 8 Change the length of the pendulum as indicated in Table 2 Repeat step 6 again to find the time (t) for about 20 oscillations. 9, Revord observations inTable 2 with proper units and significant figures, 10. Take effective length L'along x-axis and T” along y-axis, using tho ebocrved valuco from Table 2. Choove ouitable coals on these axes to represent L and T®, Plot a graph between L and T? (as shown in Fig.2), Calculatons: Screw Gauge: to calculate the diameter of the bob. 4) Pitch or length of + pitch scale division (x) 2) Total number of divisions on the circular scale (n) = 50 3) Lease count=LC== = 3 = 0. 01mm 4) Zero eror= a + p* LC ‘Where ais the pitch scale reading when the stud and spindle are touching each other and pis the reading of the circular scale ‘coinciding with the baseline of the pitch scale ‘Type of zero = positive: Zero error = Omm +5 * 0.0imm Mean of observed diameter of bob d Mean corrected diameter d= d+ zero error mim Mean vaue of radius of the bob r= d/2= mm Time Period of Pendulur 4, Mean value of UT = comis. 2. Sope of the graph § = = = stiem.__s'im 3._g= (4m /S)"100 mis Rosuite: Experimentally esleulatad value af gie mis! the standard value of gis__mis, the difference is __nvs* and the % diference is ____%, Figure 2 shows that T¥is drectiy proportional to Precautions: 1. The string should be very light and strong 2. The point of suspension should be reasonably rigid. 3. The pendulum should oscillate in the vertical plane without any spin motion. 4, The door of the laboratory should not have vibration, which may cause a deviation from the regular oscillation of the pendulum, 5. The amplitude of vibration should be small (less than 15°) 6. The length of the pendulum should be as large as possible in the given situation. 7. Determination of time for 20 or more oscillations should be caretully taken, 8, There must not be strong wind blowing during the experiment,