UNIT-IL Cloud Computing Fundamentals: Motivation for Cloud Computing, The Need for Cloud Computing, Defining Cloud Computing, Definition of Cloud computing, Cloud Computing Is a Service, Cloud Computing Is a Platform, Principles of Cloud computing, Five Essential Characteristics, Four Cloud Deployment Models 1, Motivation for Cloud Computing: ‘The main motivation behind cloud computing is to enable businesses to get access to data centers and ‘manage tasks from a remote location. Cloud computing is very economical and saves a lot of money. A blind benefit of this computing is that even if we lose our lapiop or due to some crisis our personal computer—and the desktop system—gets damaged, still our data and files will stay sale and secured as these are not in our local machine. Scalability Because a desktop cloud is located in a central data center, I can easily scale its capacity and performance by only adding new hardware. Agility Deployment of new desktops is @ matter of seconds, because they are virtually created in the data-center’s infrastructure. If companies tend to grow through acquisitions and frequently require a high number of new users to be equipped with the standard desktop platform, agility can be a valuable advantage over traditional PC rollout. Availability ‘The desktop cloud infrastructure is based on server hardware and usually runs in a data center, leveraging fault-tolerant components and systems management. Thin clients used as end-user devices are without configuration and without locally stored data; if they fal, they can be exchanged quickly and easily. Accessibility A central desktop in a desktop cloud can be accessed from almost any device and from almost anywhere in the world. The only requirement is a capable network connection. But not only the desktop can be ed from anywhere, also the user’s personal and corporate data. 4Performance As mentioned earlier, virtual desktops run on server hardware, Under normal mode of operation, a number of users share a certain server hardware. Depending on the ratio of concurrent users to server hardware, performance can be controlled, and adapted as required. Access to data is also usually much faster, because desktop and data are both located in the data center, connected through @ high- performance data-center network, Data safety and security Data can easily be backed up, compared to the number of local hard drives in traditional PCs. Regarding data security, by keeping the data on storage devices in the data center, the data is protected by the data- center security mechanism. The user, regardless of which country that user might sit, can only view and edit the data, but not copy the data 2. The Need for Cloud Computing ‘The main reasons for the need and use of cloud computing are convenience and reliability. The cloud also ‘makes it much easier to share a file with friends, making it possible to collaborate over the web. While using the cloud, losing our datafile is much less. ‘+ One of the major reason why huge number of small scale and large scale business sectors from all over the world are using cloud today, is because of tremendous effect on cost saving. Yes, Cloud computing has made drastic change in the reduction of hardware and software cost and other server resources as well ‘+ We can run all our workload data of applications and processes online over the intemet remotely instead of using physical hardware and software ‘+ Day to day issues related to server maintenance or installation of software/ hardware or whether it is renewal of license, all those factors are undertaken via cloud computing service providers ‘+ With the help of cloud we ean access any data, applications whenever and wherever we want to, over the internet. 100 of pre-configured applications can be install and updated ‘+ Cloud not only handles data storage remotely but it also protects and recovers all crashed or loss, data, so we don’t have to worry about crashed or loss of data, it gives you high security 3. Defining Cloud Computing Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet from a remote location ‘or computer instead of our computer's hard drive. This so called remote location has several properties such as scalability, elasticity etc., which is significantly different from a simple remote machine. 4, Definition of Cloud computing Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (c.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that ‘can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. 155, Cloud Computing is a Service The simplest thing that any computer docs is allow us to store and retrieve information, We can store our family photographs, our favorite songs, or even save movies on it, which is also the most basic service offered by cloud computing Let us look at the example of a popular application called Flickr While Flickr started with an emphasis on sharing photos and images, it has emerged as a great place to store those images. In many ways, itis superior to storing the images on your computer 1, First, Flickr allows us to easily access our images no matter where we are or what type of device we are using. While we might upload the photos of our vacation from our home computer, later, we can easily access them from our laptop at the office. 2. Second, Flickr lets us share the images. There is no need to burn them to a CD or save them on a flash drive. We can just send someone our Flickr address to share these photos or images, 3. Third, Flickr provides data security. By uploading the images to Flickr, we are providing ourselves with data security by ereating a backup on the web. And, while itis always best to keep a local copy— either on a computer, a CD, or a flash drive—the truth is that we are far more likely to lose 6. Cloud Computing Is a Platform The World Wide Web (WWW) can be considered as the operating system for all our Internet-based applications. However, one has to understand that we will always need a local operating system in our computer to access web based applications. The basic meaning of the term platform is that itis the support on which applications run or give results to the users. For example, Microsoft Windows is a platform, But, a platform does not have to be an ‘operating system. Java is a platform even though it is not an operating system. Through cloud computing, the web is becoming a platform, With trends (applications) such as Office 2.0, ‘more and more applications that were originally available on desktop computers are now being converted into web-cloud applications. Word processors like Buzzword and office suites like Google Does are now available in the cloud as their desktop counterparts. All these kinds of trends in providing applications via the cloud are tuming cloud computing into a platform or to act as a platform 167. Principles of Cloud computing Characteristics: Cloud computing has five essential characteristics, 1, On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with cach service's provider. 2, Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and personal digital assistants [PDAs 3. Elastic resource pooling: The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multitenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand, There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify the location at a higher level of abstraction (¢.g., country, state, or data center). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth. 4, Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 5, Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service Four Cloud Deployment Models: Deployment models describe the ways with which the cloud services can be deployed or made available to its customers, depending on the organizational structure and the provisioning location. One can ‘understand it in this manner too: cloud (Internet)-based computing resources—that is, the locations where data and services are acquired and provisioned to its customers— can take various forms. Four deployment models are usually distinguished, namely, public, private, community, and hybrid cloud service usage 1, Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. 2. Public cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. 3. Community cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and 7compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise 4, Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds) There are the following three types of cloud service models - 1. Infrastructure as a Service (laa) 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) 3. Software as a Service (SaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure managed over the intemet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers. Characteristics of IaaS There are the following characteristics of laaS - o Resources are available as a service 9 Services are highly scalable © Dynamic and flexible © GULand API-based access Automated administrative tasks (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (G 18Platform as a Service (PaaS) PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and manage the applications. Characteristics of PaaS ‘There are the following characteristics of PaaS - ‘9 Accessible to various users via the same development application, ‘© Integrates with web services and databases. © Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can et organization's need. ily be scaled up or down as per the © Support multiple languages and frameworks, © Provides an ability to "Auto-scale” Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App Engine, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift Software as a Service (SaaS) SaaS is also known as "on-demand software”. It is a software in which the applications are hosted by a cloud service provider. Users ean access these applications with the help of internet connection and web browser. Characteristics of SaaS There are the following characteristics of SaaS - © Managed from a central location © Hosted on a remote server © Accessible over the internet ©. Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are applied automatically. co The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis, Slack, 19Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS TaaS It provides a virtual data center to store information and create platforms for app development, testing, and deployment. It provides access to resources such as virtual machines, virtual storage, etc It is used by network architects, TaaS provides only Infrastructure. Paas It provides virtual platforms and tools to create, test, and deploy apps. It provides runtime environments and deployment tools for applications. Itis used by developers. PaaS provides Infrastructure Platform, SaaS It provides web software and apps to complete business tasks. It provides software as a service to the end-users. Itis used by end users. SaaS provides Infrastructure | Platform, ++Software, 20