INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
Divine Rose B. Polahon
What is a Program?
• Is a set of instructions in a programming
language given to a computer to perform
some useful task.
• Instructions refer to a basic command.
• Programming language – is a system of
notation for writing computer programs.
Programming Language
• Most programming languages are
text-based formal languages.
• Formal language consists of words
whose letter are taken from an
alphabet and are well-formed
according to a specific set of rules.
Programming Language
• To communicate with a person, we need
a specific language, similarly to
communicate with computers,
programmers also need a language.
• Computer language that is used by
programmers (developers) to
communicate with computers.
• It is a set of instructions written in a
specific language.
Types of programming language
1. Low-level Programming Language
a. Machine Language
b. Assembly Language
2. High-level Programming Language
3. Middle-level Programming
Language
Types of programming language
• Low-level programming language – is
machine-dependent (0s and 1s)
programming language.
• The processor runs low-level programs
directly without the need of a compiler or
interpreter, so the programs written in
low-level language can be run very fast.
What is (0s and 1s)?
• Binary – describes a numbering scheme
in which there are only two possible
values for each digit which are 0 and 1.
• This system use this code to understand
operational instructions and user input
and to present a relevant output to the
user.
Types of low-level programming language
• Machine Language – also called as machine
code or object code. It does not require a
translator to convert the programs.
• Assembly Language – is designed for specific
processers. It represent a set of instructions
in a symbolic and human-understandable
form. It uses an assembler to convert the
assembly language to machine language.
Types of programming language
• High-level programming language – is
designed for developing user-friendly
software programs and websites. It requires
compiler or interpreter to translate the
program into language (execute the
program).
• High-level programming language includes:
Python, Java, JavaScript, PHP, C#,C++,
Objective C, Co Pascal, LISP, FORTAN AND
SWIFT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
Parts of High-level language
1.Procedural Oriented programming language
– derived from structure programming based
upon the procedure call concept. It divides a
program into smaller procedures called
routines or functions.
- is used by a software programmer to create
a program that can be accomplished by
using programming editor like Adobe
Photoshop, PowerDirecrtor, CapCut.
Parts of High-level language
2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
language - based upon the objects. In this,
programming language, programs are
divided into small parts called objects.
- It is used to implement real-world
entities like inheritance, polymorphism,
etc. in the program to makes the program
reusable, efficient, and easy-to-use.
Examples: C++, Java, Phython, C#, etc.
Parts of High-level language
3. Natural Language – part of human languages
such as English, Russian, German and Japanese.
- It is used by machines to understand,
manipulate, and interpret human’s language.
- It is used by developers to perform tasks such
as translations, automatic summarization,
Named Entity Recognition (NER), relationship
extraction, and topic segmentation.
Types of Programming Language
3. Middle-level programming language
- it lies between the low-level programming
language and high-level programming language.
- It is also known as the intermediate
programming language.
- A middle-level programming language’s
advantages are that it supports the features of
high-level programming, it is a use-friendly
language, and closely related to machine
language and human language.
- Example: C++, Java, Python, C#, etc.
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