CS800OE: MACHINE LEARNING (Open Elective – III)
B.Tech. CSE/IT IV Year II Sem LTPC
3 0 0 3
Prerequisites:
1. Course on “Data Structures”.
2. Knowledge on statistical methods.
Course Objectives:
This course explains machine learning techniques such as decision tree learning, Bayesian learning etc.
To understand computational learning theory.
To study the pattern comparison techniques.
Course Outcomes:
Understand the concepts of computational intelligence like machine learning
Ability to get the skill to apply machine learning techniques to address the real time problems
in different areas
Understand the Neural Networks and its usage in machine learning application.
UNIT - I
Introduction - Well-posed learning problems, designing a learning system, Perspectives and issues in machine
learning Concept learning and the general to specific ordering – introduction, a concept learning task, concept
learning as search, find-S: finding a maximally specific hypothesis, version spaces and the candidate elimination
algorithm, remarks on version spaces and candidate elimination, inductive bias. Decision Tree Learning –
Introduction, decision tree representation, appropriate problems for decision tree learning, the basic decision tree
learning algorithm, hypothesis space search in decision tree learning, inductive bias in decision tree learning, issues
in decision tree learning.
UNIT - II
Artificial Neural Networks-1– Introduction, neural network representation, appropriate problems for neural
network learning, perceptions, multilayer networks and the back-propagation algorithm.
Artificial Neural Networks-2- Remarks on the Back-Propagation algorithm, An illustrative example: face
recognition, advanced topics in artificial neural networks.
Evaluation Hypotheses – Motivation, estimation hypothesis accuracy, basics of sampling theory, a general
approach for deriving confidence intervals, difference in error of two hypotheses, comparing learning algorithms.
UNIT - III
Bayesian learning – Introduction, Bayes theorem, Bayes theorem and concept learning, Maximum Likelihood and
least squared error hypotheses, maximum likelihood hypotheses for predicting probabilities, minimum description
length principle, Bayes optimal classifier, Gibs algorithm, Naïve Bayes classifier, an example: learning to classify
text, Bayesian belief networks, the EM algorithm.
Computational learning theory – Introduction, probably learning an approximately correct hypothesis, sample
complexity for finite hypothesis space, sample complexity for infinite hypothesis spaces, the mistake bound model
of learning.
Instance-Based Learning- Introduction, k-nearest neighbour algorithm, locally weighted regression, radial basis
functions, case-based reasoning, remarks on lazy and eager learning.
UNIT- IV
Genetic Algorithms – Motivation, Genetic algorithms, an illustrative example, hypothesis space search, genetic
programming, models of evolution and learning, parallelizing genetic algorithms. learning First-Order rules,
learning sets of First-Order rules: FOIL, Induction as inverted deduction, inverting resolution.
Reinforcement Learning – Introduction, the learning task, Q–learning, non-deterministic, rewards and
actions, temporal difference learning, generalizing from examples, relationship to dynamic programming.
UNIT - V
Analytical Learning-1- Introduction, learning with perfect domain theories: PROLOG-EBG, remarks
on explanation-based learning, explanation-based learning of search control knowledge. Analytical Learning-2-
Using prior knowledge to alter the search objective, using prior knowledge to augment search operators.
Combining Inductive and Analytical Learning – Motivation, inductive-analytical approaches to learning, using
prior knowledge to initialize the hypothesis.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Machine Learning – Tom M. Mitchell, - MGH
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Machine Learning: An Algorithmic Perspective, Stephen Marshland, Taylor & Francis
EC812PE: RADAR SYSTEMS (PE – V)
B.Tech. IV Year II Semester LTPC
3003
Prerequisite: Analog and Digital Communications
Course Objectives:
To explore the concepts of radar and its frequency bands.
To understand Doppler effect and get acquainted with the working principles of CW radar, FMCW radar.
To impart the knowledge of functioning of MTI and Tracking Radars.
To explain the deigning of a Matched Filter in radar receivers.
Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
Derive the complete radar range equation.
Understand the need and functioning of CW, FM-CW and MTI radars
Known various Tracking methods.
Derive the matched filter response characteristics for radar receivers.
UNIT - I
Basics of Radar: Maximum Unambiguous Range, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and
Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications. Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal,
Receiver Noise, Modified Radar Range Equation.
Radar Equation: SNR, Envelope Detector – False Alarm Time and Probability, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar
Cross Section of Targets, Transmitter Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities, System Losses (qualitative treatment).
UNIT - II
CW and Frequency Modulated Radar: Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation between
Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW radar.
FM-CW Radar: Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics, FM-CW
altimeter.
UNIT - III
MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Principle, MTI Radar - Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power Oscillator
Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs.
Range Gated Doppler Filters. MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to
MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.
UNIT - IV
Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Mono pulse Tracking Radar – Amplitude
Comparison Mono pulse (one- and two- coordinates), Phase Comparison Mono pulse, Tracking in Range,
Acquisition and Scanning Patterns, Comparison of Trackers.
UNIT - V
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise Matched Filter Receiver – Response Characteristics and Derivation,
Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-
white Noise.
Radar Receivers – Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Displays – types. Duplexers – Branch type and Balanced
type, Circulators as Duplexers. Introduction to Phased Array Antennas – Basic Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam
Steering and Beam Width changes, Applications, Advantages and Limitations.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2ndEd., 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications – Byron Edde, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Radar Principles – Peebles, Jr., P.Z., Wiley, New York, 1998.
3. Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles – Mark A. Richards, James A. Scheer, William A. Holm, Yesdee,
2013
4. Radar Handbook - Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill Education, 2008.
