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Backend Interview Topics

The document outlines key topics for backend interviews, including backend fundamentals, HTTP and APIs, databases, authentication, Node.js frameworks, microservices, security practices, DevOps, caching, and system design. Each section covers essential concepts and technologies relevant to backend development. It serves as a comprehensive guide for candidates preparing for backend engineering roles.

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gadarsh747
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28 views2 pages

Backend Interview Topics

The document outlines key topics for backend interviews, including backend fundamentals, HTTP and APIs, databases, authentication, Node.js frameworks, microservices, security practices, DevOps, caching, and system design. Each section covers essential concepts and technologies relevant to backend development. It serves as a comprehensive guide for candidates preparing for backend engineering roles.

Uploaded by

gadarsh747
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Backend Interview Topics

1. Backend Fundamentals
- What is backend development?
- Client-Server Architecture
- REST vs. GraphQL vs. gRPC
- Monolithic vs. Microservices Architecture
- Scalability and Load Balancing

2. HTTP & APIs


- HTTP Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH)
- Status Codes (2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx)
- Headers, Query Params, Request Body
- Authentication & Authorization (OAuth, JWT, API Keys)
- CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
- Rate Limiting & Throttling
- WebSockets vs. HTTP Long Polling

3. Databases & ORM


- SQL (PostgreSQL, MySQL) vs. NoSQL (MongoDB, Redis)
- ACID Properties & Transactions
- Indexing & Query Optimization
- Normalization & Denormalization
- ORM (Prisma, TypeORM, Sequelize, Mongoose)
- Database Replication, Sharding, and Partitioning
- Caching Strategies (Redis, Memcached)

4. Authentication & Authorization


- Session-based vs. Token-based authentication
- OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect
- JWT (JSON Web Tokens)
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) & Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)
- Single Sign-On (SSO)

5. Node.js & Backend Frameworks


- Node.js Event Loop & Non-blocking I/O
- Express.js vs. NestJS vs. Fastify
- Middleware in Express & NestJS
- Error Handling in Express/NestJS
- Dependency Injection in NestJS

6. Microservices & Communication


- Monolith vs. Microservices
- API Gateway & Service Mesh
- gRPC, RabbitMQ, Kafka (Message Brokers)
- Event-Driven Architecture
- Circuit Breaker Pattern

7. Security & Best Practices


- Data Encryption (AES, RSA, Hashing)
- Secure Password Storage (BCrypt, Argon2)
- SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF Prevention
- CORS Security Policies
- Logging and Monitoring (Winston, Morgan)

8. DevOps & CI/CD


- Containerization (Docker, Kubernetes)
- CI/CD Pipelines (GitHub Actions, Jenkins)
- Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, Ansible)
- Serverless Computing (AWS Lambda, Firebase Functions)
- Monitoring & Logging (Prometheus, Grafana)

9. Caching & Performance Optimization


- CDN (Cloudflare, AWS CloudFront)
- In-Memory Caching (Redis, Memcached)
- Load Balancers (Nginx, HAProxy)
- Lazy Loading & Pagination

10. System Design & Scalability


- Load Balancing Strategies
- Database Scaling (Replication, Sharding)
- Message Queues (RabbitMQ, Kafka)
- Event Sourcing & CQRS
- Rate Limiting & API Gateway

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