Probability 1

PROBABILITY 4. If the probability of hitting a target by a shooter,

in any shot, is 1/3, then the minimum number
1. Two cards are drawn successively with
of independent shots at the target required by
replacement from a well-shuffled deck of
him so that the probability of hitting the target
52 cards. Let X denote the random variable of
number of aces obtained in the two drawn 5
at least once is greater than , is :
cards. Then P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) equals : 6

(1) 52/169 (2) 25/169

(1) 6 (2) 5 (3) 4 (4) 3
(3) 49/169 (4) 24/169
5. Two integers are selected at random from the
2. An urn contains 5 red and 2 green balls. A ball set {1, 2,...., 11}. Given that the sum of
is drawn at random from the urn. If the drawn
selected numbers is even, the conditional
ball is green, then a red ball is added to the urn
probability that both the numbers are even is :
and if the drawn ball is red, then a green ball

EN
is added to the urn; the original ball is not
returned to the urn. Now, a second ball is
drawn at random from it. The probability that
the second ball is red, is :

26 32 27 21
6.
(1)
2
5
(2)
1
2
(3)
3
5

Let S = {1, 2, ...... , 20}. A subset B of S is

said to be "nice", if the sum of the elements of
(4)
7
10

(1) (2) (3) (4) B is 203. Then the probability that a randomly
49 49 49 49
LL
chosen subset of S is "nice" is :-
3. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the outcome is
6 5
a head then a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and (1) (2)
220 220
the sum of the numbers obtained on them is
4 7
noted. If the toss of the coin results in tail then (3) (4)
220 220
a card from a well-shuffled pack of nine cards
A

7. A bag contains 30 white balls and 10 red balls.

numbered 1,2,3,...,9 is randomly picked and the
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16 balls are drawn one by one randomly from

number on the card is noted. The probability
the bag with replacement. If X be the number
that the noted number is either 7 or 8 is :
of white balls drawn, the
13 19 19 15 mean of X
(1) (2) (3) (4) is equal to :-
36 36 72 72 standard deviation of X

4 3
(1) 4 (2) (3) 4 3 (4) 3 2
3

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2 Probability
8. In a random experiment, a fair die is rolled until 11. In a class of 60 students, 40 opted for NCC,
two fours are obtained in succession. The 30 opted for NSS and 20 opted for both NCC and
probability that the experiment will end in the NSS. If one of these students is selected at random,
fifth throw of the die is equal to : then the probability that the student selected has
opted neither for NCC nor for NSS is :
150 175 200 225
(1) 5 (2) 5 (3) 5 (4) 5
6 6 6 6
2 1
9. Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls (1) (2)
3 6
labelled 1,2,....,10. Suppose one ball is
randomly drawn from each of the boxes. 1 5
(3) (4)
Denote by ni, the label of the ball drawn from 3 6

the ith box, (i = 1, 2, 3). Then, the number of

12. Let A and B be two non-null events such that
ways in which the balls can be chosen such

10.
EN
that n1 < n2 < n3 is :

(1) 82 (2) 240 (3) 164 (4) 120

In a game, a man wins Rs. 100 if he gets 5 of

6 on a throw of a fair die and loses Rs. 50 for
A B . Then, which of the following
statements is always correct ?

(1) P(A|B) = 1

(2) P(A|B) = P(B) – P(A)

(3) P(A|B) < P(A)

getting any other number on the die. If he
decides to throw the die either till he gets a five (4) P(A|B) > P(A)
LL
or a six or to a maximum of three throws, then 13. The minimum number of times one has to toss
his expected gain/loss (in rupees) is : a fair coin so that the probability of observing
at least one head is at least 90% is :
400 400
(1) gain (2) loss
3 3 (1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 4
A

14. Four persons can hit a target correctly with

400
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(3) 0 (4) loss

9 1 1 1 1
probabilities , , and respectively. if all
2 3 4 8

hit at the target independently, then the

probability that the target would be hit, is

25 1
(1) (2)
192 192

25 7
(3) (4)
32 32

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 Probability 3

15. Assume that each born child is equally likely 18. Let a random variable X have a binomial
to be a boy or a girl. If two families have two distribution with mean 8 and variance 4.
children each, then the conditional probability
k
that all children are girls given that at least two If P(x 2) , then k is equal to :
216
are girls is :
(1) 17 (2) 1
1 1
(1) (2) (3) 121 (4) 137
11 17
19. For and initial screening of an admission test,
a candidate is given fifty problems to solve. If
1 1
(3) (4) the probability that the candidate can solve any
10 12
4
problem is , then the probability that he is
5
16. Minimum number of times a fair coin must be
unable to solve less than two problems is :

(1) 5

(3) 7
EN
tossed so that the probability of getting at least
one head is more than 99% is :

(2) 6

(4) 8
(1)

(3)
316 4
25 5

164 1
25 5
48

48
(2)

(4)
54 4
5 5

201 1
5 5
49

49

17. If three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon

20. A person throws two fair dice. He wins Rs. 15
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are chosen at random, then the probability that for throwing a doublet (same numbers on the
the triangle formed with these chosen vertices two dice), wins Rs.12 when the throw results
in the sum of 9, and loses Rs. 6 for any other
is equilateral is :
outcome on the throw. Then the expected
gain/loss (in Rs.) of the person is :
3 1
(1) (2)
10 10
A

1 1 1
(1) 2 gain (2) loss (3) loss (4) gain
2 4 2
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3 1
(3) (4)
20 5

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4 Probability
SOLUTION 5. Ans. (1)
1. Ans. (2) Since sum of two numbers is even so either
Two cards are drawn successively with both are odd or both are even. Hence number
replacement of elements in reduced samples space
4 Aces 48 Non Aces = 5C2 + 6C2
5
4
C1 48C1 48C1 4C1 24 C2
P x 1 so required probability = 5 6
52
C1 52C1 52C1 52C1 169 C2 C2

P x 2
4
C1 4
C1 1 6. Ans. (2)
52
C1 52
C1 169 7,
25 1,6
P(x = 1) + P(x = 2) =
169
5
2. Ans. (2) P
2 20
E1 : Event of drawing a Red ball and placing
a green ball in the bag 2,5
E2 : Event of drawing a green ball and placing 3,4
a red ball in the bag

P E

5 4
7 7
P E1

2 6
7 7
EN
E : Event of drawing a red ball in second draw

P
E
E1
32
49
P E2 P
E
E2
7.
1,2,4
Ans. (3)

p (probability of getting white ball) =

q
1 and n = 16
4
30
40

3. Ans. (3) 3
mean =np = 16. 12
LL
11 4
H Sum 7 or 8
1/2 36 and standard diviation
Start
3 1
1/2 2 npq 16. . 3
T Number is 7 or 8 4 4
9
8. Ans. (2)
1 11 1 2 19
P(A) 4 4
2 36 2 9 72
A

4. Ans. (2) 1 53 2C1 .52 175

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n 1
0
2
n
5 62 63 63 65
1 C0
3 3 6 9. Ans. (4)
n n
1 2 2 No. of ways = 10C3 = 120
0.1666 >
6 3 3
nmin = 5 Option (2)

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 Probability 5

10. Ans. (3) 14. Official Ans. by NTA (3)

Expected Gain/ Loss Sol. Let persons be A,B,C,D
= w × 100 + Lw (–50 + 100) + L2w (–50 –50 P(Hit) = 1 – P(none of them hits)
+ 100) + L3 (–150) 1 P A B C D
2
1 2 1 2 1 1 P A .P B .P C .P D
= 100 . 50 + 0
3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 7
1 . . .
3 2 3 4 8
2
+ 150 = 0 25
3
32
here w denotes probability that outcome 5 or 15. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
2 1 Sol. P(B) = P(G) = 1/2
6(w= ) Required Proballity =
6 3
here L denotes probability that outcome all 4 girls
(all 4girls) (exactly 3 girls 1boy) (exactly 2girls 2boys)
4 2

11.
1,2,3,4 ( L =
Ans. (2)

A
A
20 20

opted NCC
EN
10
B
6 3
)

16.

Sol. 1
= 1
2
4
4

Official Ans. by NTA (3)

1
n
C3

99
1
2
1
2
4

4
4
C2
1
2
4
1
11

2 100
B opted NSS
LL
10 1 n
1 1
P (neither A nor B) = = n = 7.
60 6 2 100
12. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 17. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
P(A B) P(A) A4
Sol. P(A | B)
P(B) P(B) A5 A3
Sol.
as A B P(A B) P(A) A6 A2
A

A1
P(A | B) P(A)
Only two equilateral tringles are possible A1
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13. Official Ans. by NTA (4) A3 A5 and A2A5A6

Sol. Probability of observing at least one head out
of n tosses 2 2 1
n
6 C3 20 10
1
1 0.9
2
n
1
0.1
2
n 4
minimum number of tosses = 4

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6 Probability
18. Official Ans. by NTA (4) 19. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
Sol. np = 8 Sol. Let X be random varibale which denotes
npq = 4 number of problems that candidate is unbale
to solve
1 1
q= p= 1
2 2 p and X < 2
n = 16 5
16
P X 2 P X 0 P X 1
p (x = r) = 16Cr 1
2 50 49
4 50 1 4
16
C0 16
C1 16
C2 C1 . .
p (x 2) = 5 5 5
216
137 20. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
= 16
2 Sol. win Rs.15 number of cases = 6
win Rs.12 number of cases = 4
loss Rs.6 number of cases = 26

EN p(expected gain/loss) = 15 ×

6×
26
36
=–
1
2
6
36
+ 12 ×
4
36
–
LL
A

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