A

Report of

PRACTICE SCHOOL (BP-706PS)

On

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Gel

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

By
Name. Poorti Prajapati
Roll no. 2102590500075

B. Pharm. IV Year (VII Semester)

Supervised by

Mr. Dipesh (M. Pharm)

Assistant Professor

SUNDER DEEP PHARMACY COLLEGE

NH-9, Delhi-Hapur Road, Dasna, Ghaziabad , Delhi NCR, Pin-201015 (U.P)

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh

(2024-2025)

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 SUNDER DEEP PHARMACYCOLLEGE
NH-9, Delhi-Hapur Road, Ghaziabad, Delhi NCR, Pin-201015, Uttar Pradesh, India
Approved by AICTE and PCI
Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University abd BTE, Luclnow Uttar Pradesh

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work reported in the project entitled “Preparation and Evaluation of
Herbal Gel” has been carried out by Poorti Prajapati under my supervision at Sunder Deep
Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Predesh (UP) during the academic session 2024-2025 and
has not been submitted for the award of any other degree in my/our knowledge. He has attended
stipulated number of days as per the prevailing rules of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University Lucknow UP.

Mr. Dipesh (Assistant Professor)

Project in-charge
Sunder Deep Pharmacy College

Dr. Prasoon Kumar Saxena

Head of Department
Sunder Deep Pharmacy College

Prof. (Dr.) R. D. Gupta

Director
Sunder Deep Pharmacy College

Date of submission: Date of viva Voce:

Signature:

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work reported in the project entitled “Preparation and Evaluation of
Herbal Gel” has been carried out by me under the supervision of Mr. Dipesh (Assistant
Professor). Sunder Deep Pharmacy College NH-9, Delhi-Hagur Road Ghaziabad (UP) India,
during the academic session 2024-2025 and has not been submitted for the award of any other
degree in any University (India or Abroad).

Place: Ghaziabad
Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This project is result of this semester work, during this several people have played a crucial role
for the completion of this project. It is a great pleasure that now I can express my gratitude to all
of them.

Above all I thank the Almighty for giving me, courage to undertake it as my project, the patience
for completing it and for a guide, so supportive, without whom this gigantic tank could never
have been fulfilled.

I take the opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude and indebtedness to my respected guide
Mr. Dipesh (Assistant Professor), Sunder Deep Pharmacy College Dasna, Ghaziabad who
constantly motivated, supported, encouraged, and guided me.
His valuable guidance and continuous help in every aspect enabled me to complete my project
And without his cooperation I would not have presented this project successfully.

I am highly thankful Dr. R. D. Gupta, Director, Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Dasna,
Ghaziabad for providing all facility during completion of this project.
I take my deep sense of gratitude and reverence to Dr. Parsoon Kumar Saxena, Head of
Department, Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Dasna, Ghaziabad for guiding and supporting me
always and providing me the requisition opportunities and facilities.

I further avail this opportunity and profound privilege to optimize my deepest sense of gratitude
to all faculty members to Sunder Deep Pharmacy College Dasna, Ghaziabad and for their
immense guidance and help during pharma course.

I would like to extend my gratitude to my group member Ms. Madhubala, Mr. Md Afzal Rain,
Ms. Priya, Mr. pritesh Maurya encouraging and helping me during this project, with her help
and support this project completion successfully love and care.

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CONTENTS
Formulation And Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Tropical Herbal Gel ............................................. 5
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 6
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 7
ABOUT INGREDIENTS....................................................................................................................10
PROPERTIES OF INGREDIENTS.....................................................................................................12

PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF FORMULATIONS ................................................. 16

RESULT ........................................................................................................................................ 18
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES .................................................................................. 19
RESULT OF ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ................................................................................ 20
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................ 22

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Formulation And Evaluation of Antimicrobial Tropical Herbal Gel

Abstract
In last 10-20 years, the Use of Herbal medicine increased rapidly. In Ayurveda, medicine used are
almost plant based. In Present Study attempt was made to formulate Polyherbal antimicrobial gel
containing Aloe vera, Neem, Tulsi, Turmeric.

Objectives of this study is to formulate a topical herbal gel with antimicrobial properties.

Extraction of Neem, Tulsi and Turmeric was done by macerating then in organic solvent further
filtration is done to obtain a clear extract of ingredients.
While aloe vera gel is obtain by scrapping the gel from leaves and them filter it by using muslin
cloth.
Then tropical gel was prepared which comprises the extract that we have prepared.
The gel was kept at room temperature for 24 hours and evaluated.
Evaluation of gel was done by studying its physiochemical parameter and antimicrobial activity
of gel. The study conduct that the polyherbal gel was an appropriate formulation for tropical
treatment like Acne, Dermatitis, etc...

Keywords- Polyherbal Gel, Curcuma longa, Azadirachta Indica, Aloe barbadensis, Ocimum
tenuiflenum.

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INTRODUCTION

Topical gels are a topical drug dosage form commonly used in cosmetics and treatments for skin
diseases because of their advantages over cream and ointment [1], [2]. They are formed from a
mixture of Gelator, solvent, active drug, and other excipients, and can be classified into
Organogels and Hydrogels. Drug formulation and preparation methods depend on the properties
of the gelators, solvents, drug and excipients used [3], [4].

Skin disease normally arises due to accumulating toxins in blood due to impurities in blood,
improper food habits and lifestyle. Acne vulgaris is a disorder of the skin which affects most of
the adolescents during puberty stage due to hormonal changes which changes path-physiologic
factors [5]. Gram-positive bacterium such as Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium and
Escherichia species are linked to the skin condition of acne. Acne vulgaris normally affects the
skin areas with dens sebaceous follicles such as the face, upper chest, back. Symptoms of acne
vulgaris include pain, tenderness, or erythema [6].

Various synthetic antibiotic drugs such as clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline is used to

overcome this problem. Most of the time topical therapy is the first-line treatment with benzyl
peroxide and retinoids. However, increasing frequency of antibiotics and its side effects there
should be necessary to focus on the exploration of herbal drugs. Its reported safety with minimal
adverse effect, in recent years there is a gradual development of interest in the use of the
medicinal plant. Several Indian medicinal plants certified with various pharmacological activities
due to diversified classes of phytoconstituents. Literature also proved that medicinal plant with
varying potency when combined, it produces the synergistic therapeutic effect with improving
patient’s compliance [7].

A gel refers to the semi-solid, 3-dimensional matrix formed from an interspersed system of
colloidal Particles or the permeation of a solvent into a polymer chain network [8], [9]
Pharmaceutical gels are formed by adding a gelator (gelling agent) to the solvent [10] and active
ingredient mixture.

Gelators used in gel formulation can be small molecules with low molecular weight or polymers
(synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural) [11]. The solvent that is used as a dispersion medium can be
aqueous, organic, inorganic, or a system of different solvents.

Topical gels are used as a contact or transport medium for active drugs to act on [12] or through the
skin [13]. The active drug molecules are entwined into the 3D mesh of the gel and delivered to the site
of action.

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Plants such as Neem (Azadirachta indica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Alovera (Aloe
barbadensis) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) possess many potential therapeutic activities due
to individually presence of rich Phytoconstituents.

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Burra et al., 2022 study and evaluated antimicrobial activity of Tulsi (ocimum sanctum)
gel against oral microbes.
the result of the study illustrates antimicrobial efficacy against an aerobic oral microbe.

2. Mate et al., 2021 were prepared and developed a polyherbal gel containing medicinal
plant such as citrus sinensis, curcuma longa and aloe barbadensis having antibacterial
activity.

3. Shiva et al., 2021 were formulated and evaluated a tropical gel containing aloe vera
which shows antifungal property. The formulation was evaluated for % yield, spreadiblity,
extrudability, washablity etc…The Research is based on developing tropical gel
formulation of fluconazole with the help of natural aloe vera gel.

4. Nitin et al., 2020 were prepared and developed herbal cream containing aloe vera, neem,
tulsi to give multipurpose effect.the cream shows no redness, erythema and irritation
during irritancy study and it was easily washable.

5. Jamadar et al., 2017 were prepared and evaluated herbal gel consist of plant or its part to
treat injuries, disease or illness and are used to prevent and treat disease or to promote
health and healing.

6. Nisar et al., 2015 were study the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of turmeric.
this review helps the readers to understand antimicrobial activity of different extract of
turmeric (curcuma longa) on meal sample and their antimicrobial potential on various
pathogen.

7. Dixit et al., 2013 formulate and evaluated of polyherbal gel containing medicinal plants
cynodont acyloin (l) pers, cassia tara lin and cassia alata linn having anti-inflammatory
activity. the gel was prepared using the dried methanolic extract and were evaluated for its
ph., appearance and homogeneity, viscosity, spreadiblity and skin irritation studies.

8. Yamini et al., 2013 were prepared and developed herbal gel containing hydroalcoholic
extract of neem leaves (azadirachta indica) and the fruits of nutmeg (myristica fragrance).
the gel was evaluated for various parameters like colour, appearance, consistency,
washability, ph., spreadiblity and antimicrobial activity.

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 9. Patel et al., 2011 formulated and evaluated a polyherbal gel containing terminalia arjuna,
centella asiatica and curcuma longa and reported to possess wound healing,
antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity.

10. Panday et al., 2011 were formulated and evaluated antibacterial and antifungal activity of
herbal gel containing aloe vera (azadirachta indicia) and lycopersicon esculentum seed
extract against other strains used for the study and stable at room temperature.

11. Das et al., 2010 were study physiochemical and antimicrobial study of poly herbal
formulation. The powder of this formulation was subjected to physiochemical study such
as ash value, extractive value, behaviour of powder with different reagent, fluorescence
analysis, phytochemical, and antimicrobial activity.

12. Pai. et al., 2003 were formulated and evaluated antimicrobial gel for oral cavity
containing leaf extract of neem.
Results of the study suggested that the gel reduce plaque index and bacterial count.

13. D. Bhowmik et al., 2010 were formulated and evaluated antimicrobial gel for oral cavity
containing rhizomes extract of turmeric. Result of the study suggested that the gel that
reduce the inflammation and contain inflammatory properties., And also used in many
disease like Cancer, Diabetes, Indigestion, Infection and Wounds.

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ABOUT INGREDIENTS
Neem (Azadirachta Indica)
Neem elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and
structurally complex. More than 140 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem
[14], [15]
. All parts of the neem tree-leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, root, and bark have been used
traditionally for the treatment of inflammation, infections, fever, skin diseases and dental
disorders. The medicinal utilities have been described especially for neem leaf. Neem leaf and its
constituents have been demonstrated to exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory [16]
antiulcer [17], [18], antimalarial [19], [20], antifungal [21], [22], antibacterial [23], antiviral [24], [25],
antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic [26] properties. This review summarises the wide
range pharmacological activities of neem leave. Neem is well known in India and its
neighbouring countries for more than 2000 year as one if the most versatile medicinal plant
having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Every part of the has been used as traditional
medicine for household remedy against various human ailments , from antiquity.[37,41]

Figure:01 Neem Leave

Turmeric (Curcuma Longa)

Turmeric is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The largest worldwide producer of
turmeric is India, where it has been used as a home-remedy for several ailments for ages.
Depending on its origin and the soil conditions where it is grown, turmeric contains 2%–9%
curcuminoids [27]. Turmeric roots contain curcuminoids in excces amount. Turmeric roots are taken
in powder form to cure many problems as it has Antiseptic, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidative

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properties. It aids in the management of oxidative [28] and inflammatory conditions, metabolic
syndrome, arthritis, anxiety, and hyperlipidemia. It may also help in the management of exercise-
induced inflammation
and muscle soreness, thus enhancing recovery and performance in active people. In addition, a
relatively low dose of the complex can provide health benefits for people that do not have

diagnosed health conditions. Most of these benefits can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory effects. Ingesting curcumin by itself does not lead to the associated health benefits
due to its poor bioavailability.
Figure: 02. Turmeric

Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum)

Tulsi is a Sanskrit word which means “matchless one” [29]. Tulsi a small herb seen throughout
India, have been used for various medicinal purposes. Tulsi has long been recognized as
possessing antioxidant properties, and to provide protection from radiation poisoning and
cataracts. Studies have also demonstrated Tulsi leaves show anti-hyperlipidaemia and
cardioprotective effects, and it is also known to promote immune system function. A decoction
prepared from Tulsi leaves is hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and is
used as a diaphoretic in malarial [30] fever. Tulsi has also been used as an important pot herb in
folklore practices for number of ailments and diseases. This scenario is ever applicable to Tulsi
for a wide range of conditions ranging from relatively minor illnesses such as cold or a cough to
various severe conditions.

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Figure: 03 Tulsi Leave

Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis)

Aloe vera is an herb with succulent leaves that are arranged in a rosette. The leaves are grey to
green and sometimes have white spots on their surfaces [31]. They have sharp, pinkish spines along
their edges and are the source of the colourless gel found in many commercial [32] and medicinal
products.Aloe vera gel has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries [33] (burns, cuts, insect
bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and
wound healing properties.

Figure:04 Aloe Vera

PROPERTIES OF INGREDIENTS

S.NO INGREDIENTS PROPERTIES

1 Neem leaves (Quercetine and Antimalarial, Antifungal, Antibacterial,

ßsitosterol) Antiviral

2 Tulsi leaves (Eucalyptol and Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antiviral,

Eugenol) Antifungal, Antiprotozoal,
Antiinflamatory

3 Aloe vera leaves (Aloe-Emodin) Antioxidant, Antifungal, Antibacterial,

Antiviral, Emollient

4 Turmeric (Curcumin) Antibacterial, Antiseptic,

Antimicrobial, Antioxidants

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 Table No. 01

EXTRACTION PROCESSES

1. Extraction of Neem Leaves

Neem leaves were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in hot air oven.

🡓
After proper drying, leaves were powdered. Then 5g Neem leaves powder was taken in a volumetric
flask and macerate in ethanol for 3 days.

🡓
Then the solution was heated on a water bath at 80-100 ℃ and concentrated up to 20 ml and then
filtered using muslin cloth to remove impurities.

🡓
Then the filtrate or filter product obtained, which is a clear solution or clear extract of Neem leaves,
was used in the preparation.

Figure: 05

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2. Extraction of Tulsi Leaves

Tulsi leaves were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in sunlight.

🡓
Then after proper drying, the leaves were powdered.

🡓
Then 1g Tulsi leaf powder + 10 ml dimethyl sulfoxide was taken in a volumetric flask and then
macerate for 3 days.

🡓
Then the solution was heated on water bath at 80 to 100 degrees Celsius for few minutes

🡓
Then concentrated up to 5 ml and filtered using a muslin cloth to remove impurities.
🡓
Then the filtrate or the filter product in which a clear solution or clear extract of Tulsi leaves was
used in the preparation.

Figure: 06

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3. Extraction of Curcuma Longa (Turmeric Extract)

Take 20gm of Curcuma longa powder was mixed with enough n-Hexane and kept aside for 2 hrs.

🡓
Then the solution was filtered and then precipitated powder was mixed within acetone for 10-15
minutes.

🡓
The solution was filtered again and the filtrate is taken as an extract of turmeric.

Figure: 07

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4. Aloe Vera Gel
Mature, healthy, and fresh aloe Vera leaves were collected and washed with distilled water.

🡓
Then after proper drying of leaves in hot air oven, the outer part of the leaf was dissected
longitudinally using a sterile knife.

🡓
Then the aloe Vera gel that is the colorless parenchymatous tissue was removed using the sterile
knife.

🡓
Then it is filtered using muslin cloth to remove the fibres and impurities.

🡓
Then the filtrate or the filter product which is a clear aloe Vera gel was used in the preparation
[34].

Figure: 08

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 Extraction of Ingredients

Figure:09

METHOD OF PREPARATION

The topical gels were prepared which comprised extract of Neem, Aloe vera, Tulsi and Turmeric
with a different concentration.

🡫
The gel was prepared by using Carbapol 940, propylene glycol-400, methylparaben, propylparaben,
triethanolamine and required amount of water in a sufficient quantity to prepare 50 g of gel.

🡫
Water required for these formulations was divided into two parts.

🡫
In one part, an accurate amount of extracts were separately dissolved in 15 mL of water and to this
calculated quantity of propylene glycol-400 and ethanol were added.

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 🡫
In another part, Carbapol-940 was dissolved in 35 mL and to this solution methylparaben,
propylparaben were added.

🡫
Both solutions were mixed in a beaker and triethanolamine was added dropwise to the formulation
for adjustment of required skin pH (6.8—7) and to obtain the gel with required consistency.

🡫
It was then stirred by using propeller for 2 hours at 500 rpm. After stirring, the prepared gel appeared
to be homogeneous and devoid of any bubbles

🡫
The prepared gel was kept at room temperature for 24 hours.

Figure: 10. Poly Herbal Gel

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF FORMULATIONS
 Physical Evaluation
Physical parameters such as colour, homogeneity, phase separation and consistency were checked
visually. The odour of the gel formulation also determined.

Figure: 11

 Ph
The aqueous solution (1%) of the formulation was measured by using a calibrated digital pH meter
at a constant temperature.

Figure: 12

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 Washability
Formulations were applied on the skin and then ease and extent of washing with water were checked
manually. The gel should be easily washed with water. If not, then the formulation has not good
washability.

 Irritancy
Mark the area (1 cm2) on the left-hand dorsal surface. Then the cream was applied to that area and
the time was noted. Then it is checked for irritancy, erythema, and edema if any for an interval up to
24 h and reported.

Figure: 13

 Rheological Study
The viscosity of the gel is determined by using Brook field viscometer. The required quantity of
gel taken in a beaker and the spindle is set. Spindle with spindle no. 64 is used then allow to
rotate the spindle in gel [35]. Viscosity with number of rpm is observed.

Figure: 14

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 Spreadability
Two sets of a glass slide with standard dimension were taken. Polyherbal formulation gel was placed
in between the two slides and sandwiched about the length of 60mm. Removed the adhered excess
gel on the surface of the glass slides and fixed to a stand without any disturbance.
In the upper slide, 20 g weight was tied and noted the time taken for movement of the upper slide to
the distance of 60mm under the influence of weight.18 Meantime was calculated by repeating the
experiment three times and the spreadability was calculated using the following equation
Spreadability = (Weight × Length) / Time

Figure:15.

RESULT
Physicochemical Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Formulation

S. No. Parameters Observation

1 Colour Pale yellow
2 Homogeneity Uniform
4 Phase separation None
5 Consistency Excellent
6 pH 6.44 ± 0.02
7 Viscosity (cps) 4500 to 4900 cps
8 Spreading coefficient (g.cm/sec) 19.44 ± 0.26 (g.cm/s)
Table No. 02

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Antibacterial Activity Studies
The antibacterial activity studies were performed by well diffusion method by measuring the zone
of inhibition (in mm). The study results of the polyherbal gel showed antimicrobial activity in a dose-
dependent manner against the bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) causing acne.

Preparation of nutrient agar media

Following ingredients used in the given composition

S. No. Components Quantity in gram for 100 ml

1 Beef Extract 0.3 gm

2 Peptone 0.5 gm

3 NaCl 0.5 gm

4 Agar 1.5 gm

5 Distilled water 100 ml

Table No. 03

Procedures
• Now all the material is taken in container and covered with cotton plug and autoclave it.
• Then the agar solution is poured in petri plate aseptically.
• After solidification of agar the bacteria is grown on culture plate and incubate.
• After that holes of specific diameter are create and then standard drug (gentamycin) and
polyherbal gel is added to the holes.
• Two concentrations of standard and gel is prepared one with 1% and other with 2%.

Result of Antimicrobial Studies

The zone of inhibition of standard (gentamycin) and stock (gel Extract) is measured and gel shows
antimicrobial activity.

Zone Of Inhibition Against Staphylococcus Aureus

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Zone of Preparation
Inhibition for
Standard Poly Herbal Gel
formulations
1% 2% 1% 2%
Diameter (mm) 16 17.5 12.5 14
Radius (mm) 8 8.75 6.25 7
Area (mm2) 201.14 240.62 122.76 154
Table No. 04

Figure: 16. Zone of inhibition.

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REFERENCE
1. Kaur LP, Garg R, Gupta GD (2010). "Topical Gels a Review". Research Journal of Pharmacy and
Technology. 3 (1): 17–24.

2. Patil PB, Datir SK, Saudagar RB (2019). "A Review on Topical Gels as a Drug Delivery System".
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 9 (3–s): 989–994.

3. Rathod H, Mehta D (2015). "A Review on Pharmaceutical Gel". Acta Scientifica International
Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 1 (1): 33–47.

4. Sharma MU, Arjariya S, Chouksey R, Sharma N (2022-10-03). "A Review: Formulation and
Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Gel". Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results: 1344– 1362.
ISSN 2229-7723

5. Suva MA, Patel AM, Sharma N. A Brief Review on Acne Vulgaris: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and
Treatment. Res Rev J Pharmacol 2016;4(1):1–12

6. Prabu SL, Umamaheswari A, Kumar CA, Banumuthupriya M, Dhanasekaran D. Formulation and

Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Containing Natural Antimicrobials for the Management of Acne
Vulgaris. Int Res J Pharm 2017;8(5):65–69

7. Prasad SB. Acne vulgaris: A review on pathophysiology and treatment. Asian J Pharm Clin Res
2016;9(4):54–59.

8. Kaur LP, Garg R, Gupta GD (2010). "Topical Gels a Review". Research Journal of Pharmacy and
Technology. 3 (1): 17–24.

9. Patil PB, Datir SK, Saudagar RB (2019). "A Review on Topical Gels as a Drug Delivery System".
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 9 (3–s): 989–994.

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