Compilers produce hex files that is
WHY downloaded to ROM of microcontroller
PROGRAM
¾ The size of hex file is the main concern
8051 IN C
Microcontrollers have limited on-chip ROM
Code space for 8051 is limited to 64K bytes
C programming is less time consuming,
but has larger hex file size
The reasons for writing programs in C
¾ It is easier and less time consuming to
write in C than Assembly
¾ C is easier to modify and update
¾ You can use code available in function
libraries
¾ C code is portable to other microcontroller
with little of no modification
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A good understanding of C data types
DATA TYPES
for 8051 can help programmers to
create smaller hex files
¾ Unsigned char
¾ Signed char
¾ Unsigned int
¾ Signed int
¾ Sbit (single bit)
¾ Bit and sfr
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The character data type is the most
DATA TYPES
natural choice
Unsigned char ¾ 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller
Unsigned char is an 8-bit data type in
the range of 0 – 255 (00 – FFH)
¾ One of the most widely used data types
for the 8051
Counter value
ASCII characters
C compilers use the signed char as the
default if we do not put the keyword
unsigned
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Write an 8051 C program to send values 00 – FF to port P1.
Solution:
DATA TYPES 1. Pay careful attention to
#include <reg51.h> the size of the data
void main(void) 2. Try to use unsigned char
Unsigned char { instead of int if possible
(cont’) unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=255;z++)
P1=z;
}
Write an 8051 C program to send hex values for ASCII characters of
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, A, B, C, and D to port P1.
Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mynum[]=“012345ABCD”;
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=10;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
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DATA TYPES Write an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of P1 continuously.
Solution:
Unsigned char //Toggle P1 forever
(cont’) #include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
for (;;)
{
p1=0x55;
p1=0xAA;
}
}
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The signed char is an 8-bit data type
DATA TYPES ¾ Use the MSB D7 to represent – or +
¾ Give us values from –128 to +127
Signed char We should stick with the unsigned char
unless the data needs to be
represented as signed numbers
¾ temperature
Write an 8051 C program to send values of –4 to +4 to port P1.
Solution:
//Singed numbers
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
char mynum[]={+1,-1,+2,-2,+3,-3,+4,-4};
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=8;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
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The unsigned int is a 16-bit data type
DATA TYPES
¾ Takes a value in the range of 0 to 65535
Unsigned and (0000 – FFFFH)
Signed int ¾ Define 16-bit variables such as memory
addresses
¾ Set counter values of more than 256
¾ Since registers and memory accesses are
in 8-bit chunks, the misuse of int variables
will result in a larger hex file
Signed int is a 16-bit data type
¾ Use the MSB D15 to represent – or +
¾ We have 15 bits for the magnitude of the
number from –32768 to +32767
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DATA TYPES Write an 8051 C program to toggle bit D0 of the port P1 (P1.0)
50,000 times.
Single Bit Solution:
sbit keyword allows access to the
(cont’) #include <reg51.h> single bits of the SFR registers
sbit MYBIT=P1^0;
void main(void)
{
unsigned int z;
for (z=0;z<=50000;z++)
{
MYBIT=0;
MYBIT=1;
}
}
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The bit data type allows access to
DATA TYPES
single bits of bit-addressable memory
Bit and sfr spaces 20 – 2FH
To access the byte-size SFR registers,
we use the sfr data type
Data Type Size in Bits Data Range/Usage
unsigned char 8-bit 0 to 255
(signed) char 8-bit -128 to +127
unsigned int 16-bit 0 to 65535
(signed) int 16-bit -32768 to +32767
sbit 1-bit SFR bit-addressable only
bit 1-bit RAM bit-addressable only
sfr 8-bit RAM addresses 80 – FFH only
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There are two way s to create a time
TIME DELAY delay in 8051 C
¾ Using the 8051 timer (Chap. 9)
¾ Using a simple for loop
be mindful of three factors that can affect
the accuracy of the delay
The 8051 design
– The number of machine cycle
– The number of clock periods per machine
cycle
The crystal frequency connected to the X1 – X2
input pins
Compiler choice
– C compiler converts the C statements and
functions to Assembly language instructions
– Different compilers produce different code
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TIME DELAY Write an 8051 C program to toggle bits of P1 continuously forever
(cont’) with some delay.
Solution:
//Toggle P1 forever with some delay in between
//“on” and “off”
#include <reg51.h> We must use the oscilloscope to
void main(void)
measure the exact duration
{
unsigned int x;
for (;;) //repeat forever
{
p1=0x55;
for (x=0;x<40000;x++); //delay size
//unknown
p1=0xAA;
for (x=0;x<40000;x++);
}
}
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TIME DELAY Write an 8051 C program to toggle bits of P1 ports continuously with
(cont’) a 250 ms.
Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void MSDelay(unsigned int);
void main(void)
{
while (1) //repeat forever
{
p1=0x55;
MSDelay(250);
p1=0xAA;
MSDelay(250);
}
}
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
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