Unit 1: Art show s & holidays : Grammar The Past perfect:
Tenses: Form: Subject +had + past participle
Negative Form: subject +hadn’t /had not +past participle
*Before anot her past action * After a past action
Past
Present simple Form: Singular Subject + verb+ s perfect
Plural Subject + verb
Negative Form: singular subject +doesn’t/does not +verb (infinitive)
Plural Subject+ don’t/do not + verb (infinitive)
*Adverbs of frequency: sometimes *General truth /habits / rd
/usually/always/often Traditions *3 type of the conditional : Had he work ed hard, he wouldn’t have failed.
* Automatic results If he had work ed hard, he wouldn’t have failed.
Present
The Future: Form: subject +will +verb (infinitive)
Simple Subject +be going to +verb (infinitive)
Negative Form: subject +won’t / will not+ verb (infinitive)
*Every day/month/ week /year * Habitual action in general and *Later /soon *Next week /year / month
EX: She lives in London and work s as a teacher. *In +date in the future *I hope +subject
Simple Past Form: singular/plural Subject +verb + ed (in 2050) The
Negative Form: Subject +didn’t/did not +verb (infinitive) Future
*Don’t forget to revise your irregular verbs
EX: I feel I will be a very successful person.
*Last year /mont h/ week * number +months/years ago Models
* Two years ago Can/must /should /had better +bare infinitive She must respect her parent
Needn’t /could / would + bare infinitive They needn’t switch off their computer .
Have to/ought to + bare infinitive
Simple Compound Adjective:
Past adverb-verb +ing
adj -noun
hard-working pupils
* Yesterday /the previous days/ * In+ date in the past(in 2004)
ardinary-level exam
EX: They travelled a lot last year.
noun-verb+ing adj-past participle
The present perfect:
Form: singular subject + has +past participle (regular verb +ed) a car -producing company ready-made clothes
Plural subject +have + past participle
Negative Form: singular subject + hasn’t /has not +past partic iple
Plural subject +haven’t/have not + past participle
adj-part of a whole +ed
a blue-eyed girl
a four- day conference
Present
*since +point of time * for+ period of time
*recently/already/ lately Perfect *throughout the last decade
* Just/never /ever /yet * my lifelong
EX: We have never dreamt of visiting the space.
Since his childhood, he has planned to follow his father’s steps to be an astronaut.
Compari son
Comparatives
*Short adjective +er +than He is taller than his brother* More or less +long
adjective + than A plane ticket is more expensive than a train one .
Irregular Adjective • incapabbl
• irrespo
• insufficent
in nsible
Adjective Comparative Superlative
ir • irregul • illegal
Good better The best ar
• illiterate
il
Bad worse The worst
Much more The most
Many more The more
Little less The least
Addition
far Farther/further The farthest /furthe st *Both ……and……..
You’ll find information which is both use ful and important.
You’ll find information which is not only useful but al so important .
*Not onl y …………….but al so…………
Superlative *The +Short adjective +est The sun is the hotte st place ever . Travelling abroad not only broadens our sphere of knowledge but also provides us with
new acquaintances.
*The most/least +long adjective The most comfortable place for everyone is hi s Travelling abroad both broadens our sphere of knowledge and provides us with new
country . acquaintances.
Negative Prefixes
• impossible
im • immature
• unforgettable
• uncertain • dislike
• disadvantageous
un
dis
