Computing assignment Date: 9/14/24
Computing Assignment No: 1
SPSS
Roll# Fa23-bst-014
Name: Aliza Zulfiqar
Teacher: Mam Noreen Naeem
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Computing assignment Date: 9/14/24
Question# 1
SPSS:
SPSS Statistics is a statistical software suite developed by IBM for data
management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business
intelligence, and criminal investigation. Long produced by SPSS Inc., it
was acquired by IBM in 2009. Versions of the software released since
2015 have the brand name IBM SPSS Statistics.
SPSS first stood for “Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences”, reflecting the original market, then later changed
to Statistical Product and Service Solutions. It's used by various kinds
of researchers for complex statistical data analysis.
Brief overview and history of SPSS :
1968: SPSS was originally developed by Norman Nie, C. Hadlai "Tex" Hull,
and Jane Stouffer at Stanford University.
2000: SPSS underwent significant upgrades, including improved graphical
capabilities and more user-friendly interfaces.
2009: IBM acquired SPSS Inc., and SPSS became known as IBM SPSS
Statistics.
2010s: Continued updates to SPSS introduced more sophisticated data
analysis tools, integration with other IBM software, and enhanced data
visualization options.
2020s: SPSS remains a leading tool for statistical analysis, widely used
across various research domains, including social sciences, health sciences,
and market research
• Key Features:
• Data Management: Import, clean, and organize data from various sources.
• Statistical Analysis: Perform descriptive statistics, inferential statistics,
regression analysis, and more.
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Computing assignment Date: 9/14/24
• Data Visualization: Create charts, graphs, and tables to present data
findings.
• Advanced Analytics: Conduct complex analyses like factor analysis, cluster
analysis, and survival analysis.
• User Interface: Provides a user-friendly interface with options for point-
and-click or syntax-based operations.
• Applications: Widely used in social sciences, market research, health research,
and business analysis.
• Versions: Includes standard SPSS Statistics and specialized modules like SPSS
Amos for structural equation modeling and SPSS Modeler for data mining.
• Integration: Compatible with various data sources and other software for
extended functionality.
• Updates: Regularly updated to include new statistical techniques and improve
usability.
• Popularity: A leading tool in research and data analysis, known for its
robustness and versatility.
The many features of SPSS Statistics are accessible via pull-down menus or
with command syntax language. A "macro" language can be used to write
command language subroutines. Python programmability extension can access
the information in the data dictionary and data and dynamically build command
syntax programs. In addition, the Python extension allows SPSS to run any of the
statistics in the free software package R. The graphical user interface has two
views which can be toggled. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet view of the
cases (rows) and variables (columns). 'Variable View' displays the metadata
dictionary, where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name,
variable label, value label(s), print width, measurement type, and a variety of
other characteristics
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Computing assignment Date: 9/14/24
QUESTION #2s
A B C
D E F
A- Represents zero correlation as it does not indicate any relation
between two variables. This does not mean that there is no
relationship at all; it simply means that there is not a linear
relationship.
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Computing assignment Date: 9/14/24
B- Represents weak negative relationship between dependent variable
and the estimator/predictor.
C- Represents moderate positive relationship between the dependent
variable and the predictor .
D- Represents moderate negative relationship between the dependent
variable and the independent variable.
E- Rep
F- Represents strong negative correlation between dependent and
independent variables i.e if dependent increases the independent
decreases
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