A bit of
KAFKA!
Purya Behzadpur
Dockerized Kafka with Python
Integration - A Hassle-Free Kafka
Setup
Dockerized Kafka
with
Python Integration
- A Hassle-Free
Kafka Setup
KAFKA !
Kafka
Overview
Key Kafka Concepts
• Kafka Clusters and Topics: Kafka clusters consist of
multiple brokers that work together to manage topics.
Topics are logical channels or categories where data
is published. Producers write data to topics, and
Key Kafka consumers subscribe to topics to receive the data.
Kafka stores and retains messages in topics for a
Concepts configurable period.
• Example: Consider a news website that uses Kafka. It
can have topics like "sports_news," "tech_news," and
"entertainment_news." Producers publish news
articles to these topics, and consumers, like website
widgets or mobile apps, subscribe to receive the
latest news updates.
• Partition:
Key Kafka
Concepts
• Example:
• Replication: Kafka uses replication to ensure
data durability and fault tolerance. Each
partition can have multiple replicas
Key Kafka distributed across different brokers. If one
broker fails, another replica can take over.
Concepts
• Example: Critical system logs are replicated
across multiple Kafka brokers to ensure that
log data is available even if one broker goes
down.
• Bootstrap Servers: Bootstrap servers are the
initial entry points for Kafka clients to
discover and connect to a Kafka cluster.
Key Kafka They provide information about the cluster's
brokers.
Concepts
• Example: When setting up a Kafka producer
or consumer, you specify the bootstrap
server addresses to establish an initial
connection to the Kafka cluster.
• ZooKeeper: Apache ZooKeeper is a
distributed coordination service that Kafka
used to depend on for managing metadata,
Key Kafka leader election, and coordination among
brokers. However, Kafka's newer versions
Concepts have reduced its dependency on ZooKeeper.
• Example: In earlier Kafka versions,
ZooKeeper was essential for tracking the
status of brokers, ensuring leadership
election, and managing consumer group
coordination.
• Consumer Groups: Kafka allows consumers to
be organized into consumer groups. Each
consumer group can have multiple consumers
Key Kafka that collectively consume and process
messages from a topic. Kafka ensures that
Concepts each message in a topic is processed by only
one consumer within a group.
• Example: In a web analytics application, you
can have different consumer groups for
processing page views, click events, and user
registrations, allowing for parallel processing of
each data type.
• Offsets: Offsets are unique identifiers
associated with messages within a partition.
Consumers use offsets to keep track of which
Key Kafka messages they have processed. Kafka stores
these offsets for each consumer group,
Concepts **6. Offsets:**
enabling reliable message processing.
- **Definition:** Offsets are unique identifiers associated with messages within a partition. Consumers use offsets to keep track of which messages they have processed. Kafka stores these
offsets for each consumer group, enabling reliable message processing.
- **Use Case Example:** A video streaming service uses offsets to track which video segments have been successfully processed by each consumer, ensuring users don't rewatch segments
unintentionally.
• Example: A video streaming service uses
offsets to track which video segments have
been successfully processed by each
consumer, ensuring users don't rewatch
segments unintentionally.
• Retention Policies: Kafka allows you to
configure retention policies on topics to
determine how long messages are retained.
Key Kafka Retention can be based on time or size.
Concepts **6. Offsets:**
- **Definition:** Offsets are unique identifiers associated with messages within a partition. Consumers use offsets to keep track of which messages they have processed. Kafka stores these
offsets for each consumer group, enabling reliable message processing.
- **Use Case Example:** A video streaming service uses offsets to track which video segments have been successfully processed by each consumer, ensuring users don't rewatch segments
• Example: For a stock market data topic, you
unintentionally.
might configure a retention policy of one day to
ensure that only the most recent trading data is
retained for analysis.
• Log Compaction: Log compaction is a feature in
Kafka that ensures only the latest message with
a specific key is retained in a topic. This is
Key Kafka particularly useful for maintaining a compact
history of records with unique keys.
Concepts **6. Offsets:**
- **Definition:** Offsets are unique identifiers associated with messages within a partition. Consumers use offsets to keep track of which messages they have processed. Kafka stores these
offsets for each consumer group, enabling reliable message processing.
- **Use Case Example:** A video streaming service uses offsets to track which video segments have been successfully processed by each consumer, ensuring users don't rewatch segments
unintentionally.
• Example: In an inventory management system,
you can use log compaction to ensure that only
the most recent inventory levels for each
product are retained.
• Kafka Streams: Kafka Streams is a library for
building real-time stream processing
applications using Kafka topics as input and
Key Kafka output. It allows developers to perform
operations like filtering, transformation, and
Concepts **6. Offsets:**
aggregation on data streams.
- **Definition:** Offsets are unique identifiers associated with messages within a partition. Consumers use offsets to keep track of which messages they have processed. Kafka stores these
offsets for each consumer group, enabling reliable message processing.
- **Use Case Example:** A video streaming service uses offsets to track which video segments have been successfully processed by each consumer, ensuring users don't rewatch segments
unintentionally.
• Example: An e-commerce platform can use
Kafka Streams to process incoming orders in
real-time, calculate order totals, and update
inventory levels, all while maintaining a real-
time view of the business.
Benefits
of Kafka
Benefits of
Kafka
Kafka provides strong
durability guarantees by persisting
data to disk, ensuring that messages
Benefits of are not lost even in the event of
system failures.
Kafka
In a financial trading system,
every transaction needs to be recorded
without any loss. Kafka ensures that all
transactions are safely stored.
Kafka enables real-
time data processing and analytics by
providing low-latency message
Benefits of delivery.
Kafka
A ride-sharing service relies
on Kafka to track the location of drivers
and riders in real-time, ensuring timely
updates to match drivers with riders.
Kafka allows you
to configure different retention policies
for data, such as time-based or size-
Benefits of based retention, ensuring that data is
retained for as long as needed.
Kafka
IoT devices generate sensor
data continuously. Kafka can retain this
data for a specific period, allowing
historical analysis and troubleshooting.
Kafka uses partitioning to
distribute data across multiple brokers,
allowing for parallel processing and
Benefits of scalability. Partitions enable horizontal
scaling and parallelism in data
Kafka consumption.
In an e-commerce system,
sales data can be divided into
partitions, enabling multiple consumers
to process sales records concurrently.
Kafka supports data
replication for fault tolerance. Each
partition can have multiple replicas
Benefits of distributed across different brokers to
ensure data availability in case of
Kafka broker failures.
If one Kafka broker
experiences a hardware failure,
another broker with a replica of the
data can take over, ensuring
uninterrupted data access.
Disadvantages
of Kafka
Imagine a small startup company
with limited operational expertise. Deploying and
managing a Kafka cluster can be challenging due
to its distributed nature. Configuring topics,
Disadvantages brokers, and ensuring high availability requires a
deep understanding of Kafka's architecture.
of Kafka
Consider a small e-commerce
website running on a single server with limited
CPU and memory resources. Deploying Kafka on
the same server may lead to resource contention
and performance issues, as Kafka is designed to
work optimally with dedicated hardware or cloud
instances.
Suppose a team of developers who
have experience with traditional databases and
message queuing systems starts working on a Kafka-
based project. They might find it challenging to adapt
Disadvantages to Kafka's publish-subscribe model, partitioning, and
distributed nature, which have a steeper learning
of Kafka curve compared to more familiar systems.
In a small online retail
business, the team is focused on developing and
improving the website and may not have dedicated
personnel to manage a Kafka cluster. The need to
monitor, configure, and troubleshoot Kafka adds
operational overhead that distracts from core
development efforts.
Disadvantages In a high-traffic news website,
Kafka is used to distribute breaking news updates in
of Kafka real-time. During peak traffic, the high message
volume can introduce variability in message delivery
times, which may not be suitable for applications
requiring ultra-low latency, such as financial trading.
Differences Between
Kafka and RabbitMQ
• RabbitMQ follows a traditional message queuing model. Messages are
sent to exchanges, routed to queues, and then consumed by
consumers.
• It is well-suited for scenarios where strict message ordering and
guaranteed delivery are required.
VS • Example: An order processing system in an e-commerce platform uses
RabbitMQ to ensure that orders are processed in the order they are
received.
• Kafka follows a publish-subscribe model. Producers publish messages
to topics, and consumers subscribe to topics to receive messages.
• It is designed for high-throughput, real-time event streaming, making it
suitable for scenarios where large volumes of data need to be ingested
and processed in real-time.
• Example: A social media platform uses Kafka to handle a high volume
of user-generated content, such as posts, comments, and likes, in real-
time.
• RabbitMQ can scale horizontally by adding more RabbitMQ
nodes, but it requires the use of clustering and load balancing to
distribute the load.
VS A RabbitMQ cluster is deployed to distribute the load of
processing incoming user requests for a chat application.
• Kafka is designed for horizontal scalability out of the box. It can
easily handle high throughput by adding more brokers to a
cluster.
A data analytics platform uses Kafka to ingest and
process large volumes of log data from multiple sources by
adding more Kafka brokers to the cluster as the data load
increases.
• RabbitMQ provides durability by persisting messages to disk. It
ensures that messages are not lost even if the server crashes.
A financial application uses RabbitMQ to process and
VS confirm stock trade orders. Durability guarantees are crucial to
prevent data loss in case of a server failure.
• Kafka also offers durability by persisting messages to disk.
However, it provides configurable retention policies, making it
well-suited for both short-term and long-term data retention.
An IoT platform uses Kafka to collect sensor data. It can
configure different topics with varying retention periods to store
data for analysis and historical purposes.
• RabbitMQ typically retains messages for a shorter duration, and
older messages may be removed based on message TTL (Time-to-
Live) policies.
VS A notification service uses RabbitMQ to deliver real-time
alerts to users. Messages with a short TTL are suitable for this use
case.
• Kafka allows you to configure message retention based on time or
size, enabling long-term data storage and historical analysis.
A log aggregation system uses Kafka to retain log data
for several weeks or months, facilitating forensic analysis and
compliance auditing.
• RabbitMQ is suitable for traditional enterprise messaging
scenarios, task distribution, and work queues where strict
ordering and guaranteed delivery are crucial.
VS An email notification system uses RabbitMQ to
distribute email delivery tasks to multiple worker processes,
ensuring each email is sent exactly once.
• Kafka is ideal for event streaming, log processing, and real-time
data analytics, especially in scenarios where high throughput and
fault tolerance are required.
A streaming analytics platform uses Kafka to process
and analyze real-time data streams from sensors, social media
feeds, and online transactions, enabling timely insights and
actions.
• RabbitMQ guarantees strict message ordering within a queue.
Messages are processed in the order they arrive in the queue.
In an order processing system using RabbitMQ, orders
VS are processed in the exact order they were received to maintain
consistency.
• Kafka provides partition-based parallelism, which may lead to
message ordering within a partition but not across partitions.
Message order across different partitions is not guaranteed.
In a real-time clickstream analysis system using Kafka,
events from different users may be processed in parallel and may
not preserve the exact chronological order.
• RabbitMQ is suitable for scenarios where low latency is critical,
especially when message volumes are moderate.
In a real-time chat application, RabbitMQ may be
VS preferred to minimize message delivery latency between users.
• Kafka is optimized for high throughput and can handle very high
message volumes, even at the cost of slightly higher message
delivery latency.
In a big data platform processing millions of log events
per second, Kafka's throughput capabilities allow it to handle the
load efficiently.
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