UNIT I Database Concepts: Database Systems - Data vs Information Introducing the database -File
system Problems with file system - Database systems. Data models Importance Basic Building Blocks
Business rules - Evolution of -Data models - Degrees of Data Abstraction
UNIT II Design Concepts: Relational database model - logical view of data-keys Integrity rules - relational
set operators - data dictionary and the system catalog - relationships -data redundancy revisited -
indexes codd's rules. Entity relationship model - ER diagram -
UNIT III Normalization of Database Tables: Database tables and Normalization - The Need for
Normalization -The Normalization Process Higher level Normal Form. Introduction to SQL: Data
Definition Commands - Data Manipulation Commands SELECT Queries Additional Data Definition
Commands -Additional SELECT Query Keywords - Joining Database Tables.
UNIT IV IV Advanced SQL: Relational SET Operators: UNION INTERSECT - MINUS.SQL Join Operators:
Cross Join -UNION ALL Natural Join - Join USING Clause - JOIN ON Clause - Outer Join. Sub Queries and
Correlated Queries: WHERE - IN - HAVING - ANY and ALL - FROM. SQL Functions: Date and Time Function
- Numeric Function String Function Conversion -Function.
UNIT V PL/SQL:A Programming Language: History - Fundamentals - Block Structure -Comments -Data
Types - Other Data Types Variable Declaration Assignment operation -Arithmetic operators. Control
Structures and Embedded SQL: Control Structures - Nested Blocks - SQL in PL/SQL - Data -Manipulation
Transaction Control statements. PL/SQL Cursors and -Exceptions: Cursors - Implicit Cursors, Explicit
Cursors and Attributes Cursor FOR loops SELECT... FOR UPDATE WHERE CURRENT OF -clause - Cursor
with Parameters - Cursor Variables - Exceptions Types of Exceptions.
Question paper format
Section A (10 * 2 =20 marks) – Q.No 1 to 10
Section B ( 5 * 5 =25 marks) (either or ) Q.No 11 to15
Section C (3*10 =30 marks) Q.No 16 to 20
Spread the unitization ( Unit I – Q.NO 1,2,11(a), 11(b) , 16) likewise for all units
Give two sets of questions